Total hardness content in the pavagada taluk of tumkur district
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Total hardness content in the pavagada taluk of tumkur district
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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G. Manjunatha, B. E. Basavarajappa, E. T. Puttaiah, K. Siddappa and Sunilkumar B. Mane
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Total hardness content in the pavagada taluk of tumkur district
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Water is essential for the survival of all forms of life, and its quality is crucial, particularly in relation to hardness, which is influenced by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. Hard water can lead to scaling in pipes and industrial equipment, and it is important to monitor hardness levels due to potential health implications associated with these minerals. This study aims to assess the ground water quality in the Pavagada taluk of Tumkur district, Karnataka, India, focusing on total hardness as a key water quality parameter.
Total Hardness Assessment
The total hardness of water samples from 16 public bore wells in the Pavagada taluk was determined using the EDTA titrimetric method. The results indicated that total hardness varied among the samples, with values ranging significantly across the tested locations. The maximum hardness observed was 570.00 mg/L, while the minimum was 333.34 mg/L. All values fell within the permissible limits set by the Indian Council of Medical Research.
Implications of Water Hardness
Hard water's high calcium and magnesium content can lead to various challenges, including reduced detergent efficiency and increased maintenance costs for household and industrial systems. Understanding the hardness levels helps in assessing the potential risks to health and infrastructure, as excessive hardness can complicate water use and quality.
Seasonal Variations in Hardness
The investigation covered seasonal variations in total hardness over two years, specifically during pre-monsoon seasons. The data revealed notable fluctuations in hardness levels during the studied periods, reflecting environmental influences on water composition. The study found that total hardness varied not only by geographical location but also over time, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring.
In conclusion, the study provides essential insights into total hardness levels in Pavagada taluk water sources, demonstrating that the water is generally suitable for consumption, as hardness values comply with health standards. This research underscores the importance of regular water quality assessments to ensure safe drinking water supplies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of measuring water hardness in Pavagada taluk?
The purpose is to determine total hardness in water from 16 public bore wells, ensuring it meets acceptable quality standards for drinking and domestic use, as per WHO and ICMR specifications.
Which cations contribute to water hardness in the study?
The primary contributors to water hardness are calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions, which enter the water supply through leaching from minerals in the surrounding aquifer.
What method was used for determining total hardness of water?
Total hardness was determined using the titrimetric EDTA method, where water samples were treated with an ammonia buffer and an indicator, then titrated against EDTA to assess hardness.
What were the maximum and minimum hardness levels found?
In the study, the minimum total hardness recorded was 333.34 mg/L at Byadnur, while the maximum was 570.00 mg/L at K. T. Halli during the pre-monsoon seasons of 2009-11.
How do the hardness results compare to permissible limits?
The hardness values obtained from the study were well within the permissible limit of 600 mg/L as per ICMR specifications, indicating the water is suitable for human consumption.
What acknowledgment was included in the study?
The authors expressed gratitude to the Chairman of the Department of Environmental Science at Kuvempu University for providing necessary laboratory facilities for the research.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Total hardness content in the pavagada taluk of tumkur district”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water is essential for the survival of all life forms on Earth. It has various physical and chemical properties, which determine its suitability for different uses, including drinking and industrial applications. The study of water quality focuses on assessing its composition to ensure safety and prevent adverse health effects from contaminants.
2) Quality:
Quality refers to the condition or grade of a substance, in this case, water. In the context of this study, it involves evaluating physical and chemical parameters, such as hardness and turbidity, to determine if the water meets various health standards set by organizations like WHO and ICMR for potable use.
3) Siddhartha (Siddhārtha, Siddhārthā, Siddha-artha):
Siddhartha refers to the Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, where some authors of the study are affiliated. The institution is involved in scientific research and education in engineering and technology, contributing to the understanding of various environmental issues, including the analysis of water quality in local regions.
4) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses systematic study and experimentation to acquire knowledge about natural phenomena. This research represents scientific inquiry into water hardness, applying methods such as titrimetry. Scientific investigations into water quality help establish safe drinking standards and inform public health initiatives, highlighting the importance of quality control in environmental science.
5) Discussion:
Discussion involves interpreting and analyzing the results of scientific studies. In this research, the discussion reflects on the significance of the findings related to water hardness, compares results with established standards, and emphasizes the implications for public health, suggesting how water quality informs community health decisions and environmental policies.
6) Glass:
Glass refers to the material used for collecting water samples in this study. Proper sampling techniques, including the use of thoroughly washed glass bottles, are essential for accurate water quality measurement. The quality of the sampling containers can influence the integrity of the collected samples, thereby affecting the study's results.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Total hardness content in the pavagada taluk of tumkur district’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Seasonal variation, Human consumption, Physico-chemical parameters, Permissible limit, Titrimetric method, Calcium and magnesium, Health point of view.