Efficient green method for synthesizing antibacterial imidazoles.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: An efficient, operationally simple and green method for synthesis of imidazoles with antibacterial activity
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Pravina B. Piste
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: An efficient, operationally simple and green method for synthesis of imidazoles with antibacterial activity
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound that contains two nitrogen atoms and exhibits various pharmacological and biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral properties. Its significance extends beyond pharmaceuticals, as it is utilized in industries, particularly in the purification of His-tagged proteins. This study focuses on the development of a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing imidazole derivatives with antibacterial activity while comparing it to conventional synthesis methods.Microwave-assisted synthesis offers a significant improvement over traditional methods by drastically reducing reaction times, typically from hours to mere minutes. This technique not only simplifies the synthesis process but also enhances the yields of the desired compounds. The study presented two approaches: a conventional reflux method, which yielded 39-55% of the product, and the microwave method, yielding between 69-85%. The simplicity and efficiency of the microwave process are underscored by the ease of work-up and minimal energy consumption.
The synthesized imidazole derivatives were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial screening against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1d, and 1e demonstrated significant antibacterial activity comparable to the standard antibiotic, streptomycin, particularly against Klebsiella pneumoniae. There was also notable activity against Staphylococcus aureus, especially for compounds 1b, 1d, and 1e, highlighting their potential as effective antimicrobial agents.
In conclusion, this study successfully presents a microwave-assisted, eco-friendly method for synthesizing imidazole derivatives that are both operationally simple and time-efficient. The antibacterial screening results indicate that these compounds possess significant activity, paving the way for further research and development of effective antimicrobial agents.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the primary focus of the research conducted?
The research focuses on developing an efficient, environmentally friendly method for synthesizing imidazole derivatives with antibacterial activity using microwave irradiation compared to conventional methods.
What compounds were synthesized in this study?
The study synthesized imidazole derivatives, designated as compounds 1a to 1e, which were characterized and screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
How does microwave-assisted synthesis compare to conventional methods?
Microwave-assisted synthesis significantly reduces reaction time, simplifies workup procedures, and offers higher yields compared to conventional reflux methods, demonstrating its efficiency and practicality.
What techniques were used for characterization of the synthesized compounds?
The synthesized compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and elemental analysis to confirm their structures and purity.
Which imidazole derivatives showed strong antibacterial activity?
Compounds 1a, 1b, 1d, and 1e exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, while 1b, 1d, and 1e showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
What was the overall conclusion of this research?
The research concluded that microwave-assisted synthesis of imidazole derivatives is efficient and eco-friendly, yielding significant antimicrobial activity, suggesting potential for developing better antibacterial agents.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Efficient green method for synthesizing antibacterial imidazoles.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the biological effectiveness of synthesized imidazole derivatives against microbial strains. The study evaluates the capacity of these compounds to inhibit bacterial growth, thereby demonstrating their potential use as antimicrobial agents. The results indicate the strength and spectrum of their antibacterial properties.
2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial action pertains to the ability of a substance to combat bacterial infections. The study specifically tests imidazole derivatives against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, establishing their effectiveness compared to conventional antibiotics. This characteristic is critical for developing new therapeutic agents to counteract increasing bacterial resistance.
3) Water:
Water plays a significant role as a solvent in the recrystallization process of the synthesized compounds. It serves as a medium to purify the product after initial synthesis, ensuring that undesirable byproducts are removed. The choice of water aligns with the green chemistry approach advocated in the study.
4) Drug:
In the context of this research, 'drug' refers to the newly synthesized imidazole derivatives that exhibit potential antimicrobial activity. The term signifies the compounds’ ability to serve as therapeutic agents designed to treat bacterial infections, highlighting their relevance in pharmaceutical applications and drug development.
5) Science (Scientific):
Science underpins the experimental methodology and theoretical frameworks that inform the research. It encompasses the principles of organic chemistry applied in synthesis and characterization of imidazole derivatives. Scientific investigation ensures rigor and validity, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of medicinal chemistry.
6) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological aspects relate to the study of how drugs exert their effects on biological systems. This research investigates the pharmacological activity of imidazole derivatives, specifically their antibacterial effects, contributing to understanding their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications in treating infections.
7) Purification:
Purification is the process of isolating the desired chemical compounds from reaction mixtures. In this study, this step is crucial for ensuring high yield and purity of synthesized imidazole derivatives. Techniques like recrystallization and chromatography are employed to achieve these goals, reflecting standard practices in organic synthesis.
8) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analysis and interpretation of the research findings. It critically examines the experimental results in the context of existing literature, exploring implications for future research and applications. This segment synthesizes knowledge gained about the efficacy of synthesized compounds, guiding next steps in antimicrobial development.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Efficient green method for synthesizing antibacterial imidazoles.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibacterial activity, Antimicrobial activities, Antimicrobial agent, Pharmaceutical purpose, Reaction time, Standard drug, Standard comparison, Gram positive, Gram negative, Elemental analysis, Spectral analysis, Structure-activity relationship, Conventional method, Non conventional method, High yield, Department of Chemistry, Biologically active compound.