Composition and antimicrobial activities of Algerian Marrubium vulgare oil
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of wild algerian marrubium vulgare l
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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O. Chouitah, B. Meddah, A. Aoues 2, P. Sonnet
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Full text available for: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of wild algerian marrubium vulgare l
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Marrubium vulgare, commonly known as white horehound and belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is traditionally used in Algeria for its medicinal properties, including the treatment of diabetes. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil derived from Marrubium vulgare collected from Mascara, Algeria.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oil
The essential oil was extracted from the leaves using hydrodistillation and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis identified 99.01% of the total peak areas, with the main constituents being Sulfamethoxypyridazine (14.44%), Eugenol (10.50%), Undecylenic Acid (10.48%), Citronellol (9.78%), Silvex (8.38%), Germacrene-D (8.21%), and Pinene (7.30%). The essential oil's physicochemical properties were also determined, indicating a yellow color, pleasant odor, a yield of 0.33%, density of 0.978, optical activity of +6.5, and refractive index of 1.4654.
Antimicrobial Activity
The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested using the agar diffusion method. The oil showed activity against several bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-29213), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC-6633), and Pseudomonas aeroginosa (ATCC 27853). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for these bacteria ranged from 10.20 µg/ml to 25.50 µg/ml, suggesting its potential use against topical infections.
Pharmacological Significance
Marrubium vulgare is known for its various pharmacological activities, including hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The essential oil has been identified to contain major components like Germacrene D-4-ol, α-pinene, Phytol, and Piperitone, among others, contributing to its medicinal efficacy. The plant’s bioactive polyphenols and flavonoids also add to its therapeutic potential.
Conclusion
The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare from Algeria presents significant antimicrobial activity, characterized by a rich chemical profile predominantly containing Sulfamethoxypyridazine, Eugenol, and Undecylenic Acid. The study supports the traditional use of this plant for its medicinal properties and suggests potential applications in treating bacterial infections. Further research on a wider spectrum of microbial strains and isolation of specific components could enhance its therapeutic applications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study?
The study focuses on the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Marrubium vulgare from Algeria.
How was the essential oil obtained?
The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Marrubium vulgare using a Clevenger-type apparatus.
What are the main constituents of the essential oil?
The main constituents include Sulfamethoxypyridazine (14.44%), Eugenol (10.50%), and Undecylenic Acid (10.48%), among others.
Which microbial strains were tested for antimicrobial activity?
Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested.
What method was used for antimicrobial testing?
The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method and the Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method.
What were the results of the antimicrobial activity test?
The essential oil was found to be active against all tested bacteria, with inhibition zones ranging from 12 mm to 16 mm.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Composition and antimicrobial activities of Algerian Marrubium vulgare oil”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological or chemical processes being studied, particularly the functional effects and influences of essential oils, such as their antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains.
2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial pertains to the properties of the essential oil of Marrubium vulgare which inhibit the growth or destroy bacteria. The study tested the oil's effectiveness against several bacterial strains using methods like disc diffusion and microdilution.
3) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to a methodical and evidence-based approach used in their research. This study used scientific methods such as GC/MS analysis and microbial assays to determine the chemical and biological properties of Marrubium vulgare's essential oil.
4) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. This study explores the pharmacological potential of Marrubium vulgare, including its reported analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects.
5) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds produced by plants. The study identifies various phytochemicals in Marrubium vulgare's essential oil, including significant compounds like eugenol, citronellol, and germacrene-D, which contribute to its biological activities.
6) Discussion:
Discussion in a research context is the section where the findings are interpreted and related to previous studies. The discussion in this paper presents the chemical composition of the essential oil, its antimicrobial activity, and how these findings compare to other regions' results.
7) Substance:
Substance refers to the specific chemical constituents found in the essential oil of Marrubium vulgare. These substances, such as sulfamethoxypyridazine and eugenol, are identified for their significant presence and biological activities.
8) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid refers to a class of plant secondary metabolites known for various biological activities. The study mentions flavonoids as part of the polyphenolic compounds detected in Marrubium vulgare, contributing to its potential health benefits.
9) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. In this study, the essential oil's toxicity was tested against bacteria using DMSO as a control, showing that the oil itself had significant antibacterial activity without harmful effects at the tested concentrations.
10) Cancer:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. While the text mentions anti-cancer activities associated with plant polyphenols, it does not specifically address Marrubium vulgare's effects on cancer but underscores the broader medicinal potential of phytochemicals.
11) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, and classification. This study involves botanical aspects as it identifies and analyzes the Marrubium vulgare plant's essential oil for its chemical composition and antimicrobial properties.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Composition and antimicrobial activities of Algerian Marrubium vulgare oil’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Marrubium vulgare, Flavonoid, Medicinal properties, Local people, Essential oil, Chemical composition, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activities, Analgesic activity, Traditional use, Antimicrobial activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Physicochemical analysis, Eugenol, Staphylococcus aureus, Biological properties, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Inhibition zone, Voucher specimen, Polyphenols, Gas chromatography, Biological activities, Antibiotic activity, Hydrodistillation, Antiallergic Activity, Phytochemicals present, Antihypertensive Activity, Agar diffusion method, Volatile constituents, Germacrene-D, Polar compounds, Experimental plant material, Biologically active compound, Oil yield, Retention Indices, Bacterial membrane damage, Disinfectant.