Buccal mucoadhesive based drug delivery devices
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Buccal mucoadhesive based drug delivery devices
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Izhar Ahmed Syed, P. Ravi and John Paul
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Buccal mucoadhesive based drug delivery devices
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Oral drug delivery is the most accepted and convenient route for drug administration. However, many drugs administered orally face presystemic clearance in the liver, leading to inconsistencies in absorption and bioavailability. Buccal drug delivery, where drugs are administered via the mucosal lining of the mouth, provides an alternative that bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability.
Mucoadhesion
Mucoadhesion refers to the attachment of a drug carrier system to a mucosal surface, which can extend the contact time between the drug and the mucosa, improving the drug's residence time and bioavailability. This process involves wetting, adsorption, and interpenetration of polymer chains at the mucosal surface. The combined effects of direct drug absorption and reduced excretion rates significantly enhance drug efficacy.
Buccal Dosage Forms
Buccal dosage forms are designed to release drugs in a controlled manner at the site of application. They can be categorized based on their release mechanisms and include tablets, semisolids, patches, films, and powders. Each form has its advantages, such as extended retention time and protection of the drug from the harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, buccal films are preferred for their flexibility and accurate dosing, maintaining contact with the mucosa for an extended period.
Penetration Enhancers
Penetration enhancers are crucial in buccal drug delivery for increasing the permeability of the buccal mucosa to drugs, particularly for peptides and proteins that have poor natural absorption. These enhancers work by various mechanisms, including perturbation of intercellular lipids, increasing fluidity of phospholipid domains, and ionic interactions that facilitate drug transport across the mucosal barrier. Common types include surfactants, fatty acids, and cyclodextrins.
Conclusion
Buccal drug delivery offers a viable route for systemic delivery of drugs that are inefficiently absorbed when taken orally and provides an attractive alternative for non-invasive delivery of protein and peptide drugs. The challenge lies in developing safe, effective buccal permeation enhancers and improving manufacturing technologies to produce patient-friendly dosage forms. Overall, buccal drug delivery continues to hold promise for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of various drugs.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are mucoadhesive polymers?
Mucoadhesive polymers are synthetic or natural polymers that interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal surfaces. These polymers are used to enhance drug delivery by ensuring the drug adheres to mucosal tissues for extended periods.
What are the advantages of buccal drug delivery?
Buccal drug delivery offers excellent accessibility, bypasses first-pass metabolism, avoids presystemic elimination within the GI tract, and provides rapid drug absorption. This non-invasive approach can achieve therapeutic concentrations quickly and maximize bioavailability.
What are buccal tablets?
Buccal tablets are bioadhesive tablets prepared via direct compression or wet granulation, inserted into the buccal pouch. Formulated for controlled drug release, they're often coated to prevent drug loss and provide sustained therapeutic effects.
What functions does saliva have in buccal delivery?
Saliva plays several roles, including hydrating the oral cavity, aiding in mineralizing new teeth, and maintaining a protective pellicle on teeth. It also helps in the dissolution of buccal drug formulations.
What are characteristics of an ideal buccoadhesive system?
An ideal buccoadhesive system should adhere quickly, release drug in a controlled manner, maintain mechanical strength, ensure patient compliance, and not interfere with oral functions such as talking, eating, or drinking.
What are examples of buccal dosage forms?
Examples include buccal tablets, semisolids like gels, patches, films, and powders. These forms are designed for controlled and sustained drug release, tailored to improve drug absorption and patient comfort.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Buccal mucoadhesive based drug delivery devices”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
Drug: Central to this research, drugs are delivered to systemic circulation via buccal mucoadhesive systems, enhancing bioavailability and avoiding first-pass metabolism. Specific drugs like propranolol HCL and flurbiprofen are cited, highlighting the controlled delivery using polymers that optimize administration timing and dosage precision to site-specific regions.
2) Water:
Key component in saliva, which is 99.5% water, aiding in drug dissolution within buccal systems. Hydration promotes polymer adhesion to mucosal surfaces, ensuring effective drug delivery. Water-soluble mucoadhesive polymers like sodium CMC rely on water for optimal performance, affecting bioavailability and residence time of the dosage form.
3) Blood:
Provides the systemic circulation route necessary for delivered drugs. The buccal mucosa's high perfusion rate ensures rapid absorption and transport to target sites. Blood flow dynamics, including proximity to mucosal surfaces, influence the efficacy of buccal drug delivery systems by facilitating quick therapeutic concentration achievement.
4) Substance:
Substance: Encourages understanding of different materials interacting within the mucoadhesive system. This includes drugs, mucoadhesive polymers, penetration enhancers, and excipients. Interaction at biochemical levels affects various aspects like absorption, bioavailability, and the overall efficiency of the buccal drug delivery system.
5) Gelatin:
Gelatin: Used as a bioadhesive polymer in various buccal drug delivery systems. It forms films and patches, leveraging its natural mucoadhesive properties to ensure extended contact with the mucosal surface. This aids in controlled drug release, enhancing the overall effectiveness and patient compliance of the delivery system.
6) Swelling:
Vital to mucoadhesive polymers, swelling upon hydration enables the formation of adhesive bonds with mucosal tissues. This process enhances the contact duration and drug absorption rate. Optimal swelling properties of polymers like HPMC and carbopol ensure a balanced, effective mucoadhesive drug delivery system.
7) Science (Scientific):
Science: Broadly refers to the advanced research methods and theories that underpin buccal drug delivery innovations. This includes understanding bioadhesion, mucoadhesion properties, and optimizing polymer interactions with biological surfaces to enhance systemic drug delivery, ensuring safer and more effective therapeutic outcomes.
8) Salt (Salty):
Salt: Specifically mentioned are bile salts used as penetration enhancers to improve drug transport across buccal mucosa. They modify the permeability of mucosal barriers, enabling more efficient drug absorption and overcoming physiological hindrances related to drug delivery through buccal routes.
9) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Refers to the concentration of drugs, polymers, or enhancement agents at specific mucosal sites or within cells. Effective accumulation in buccal systems ensures sustained drug release and increased bioavailability. Understanding accumulation dynamics is critical to optimizing mucoadhesive drug delivery formulations.
10) Irritation:
Highlights potential adverse reactions associated with buccal drug delivery systems, especially with penetration enhancers or extended drug contact. Reducing irritation and ensuring formulations are biocompatible is essential for patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy, making it a key consideration in formulation design.
11) Activity:
In the context of buccal drug delivery, activity refers to the drug's therapeutic action once absorbed into systemic circulation. Ensuring sustained bioactivity of peptides and proteins requires the right formulation strategies that support their stability and efficient mucosal penetration without degradation or loss of function.
12) Castor:
Refers to hydrogenated castor oil, which is used as an impermeable backing layer in bi-layered buccal tablets. This material prevents drug loss from the tablet's upper surface, directing controlled release towards the buccal mucosa, thereby enhancing the drug delivery system’s effectiveness and reducing systemic side effects.
13) Repair:
Saliva’s composition, rich in calcium and phosphate, supports continual enamel repair and demineralization, crucial in maintaining oral health during buccal drug administration. Effective buccal formulations should support or at least not hinder this natural repair process, ensuring holistic patient well-being.
14) Ulcer:
Ulcer: Mentioned as a localized treatment site, ulcetrs can be addressed using buccal mucoadhesive systems like Orabase®. These systems deliver therapeutic agents directly to the affected mucosal area, providing relief and promoting healing while avoiding the gastrointestinal tract and enhancing treatment outcomes.
15) Ravi (Rāvī, Rāvin, Ravin):
Ravi: Co-author of the study, contributing to the research and insights presented in the reviewed article. Represents a member of the research team at SR College of Pharmacy responsible for exploring and validating buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, highlighting collaborative efforts in pharmaceutical advancements.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Buccal mucoadhesive based drug delivery devices’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Therapeutic agent, Gastrointestinal Tract, Bioavailability, Drug Absorption, Passive diffusion, Controlled release, Oral mucosa, Oral cavity, Mucous membrane, Sustained release, Mucosal lining, First Pass Metabolism, Patient compliance, Controlled drug delivery, Epithelial Cells, Absorption Enhancer, Saliva composition, Transdermal delivery system, Bioadhesion, Controlled drug release, Penetration enhancer, Buccal Mucosa, Drug delivery, Permeability Coefficient, Therapeutic concentration, Macromolecule, Synthetic polymer, Triamcinolone acetonide, Mucosal surface, Current treatment, Hydrophilic compounds, Basement membrane.