In vitro antibacterial activity of Anisomeles malabarica against soil bacteria
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of anisomeles malabarica (l.)sims leaf against important soil borne bacteria
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Kiran.B, Lalitha.V., Raveesha.K.A.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of anisomeles malabarica (l.)sims leaf against important soil borne bacteria
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study explored the antibacterial properties of the aqueous extract of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) Sims leaves against six soil-borne bacteria, namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwinia tracheiphila, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas campestris. Historically, medicinal plants have been utilized for treating diseases, and the search for new drugs continues, driven by the rise in antibiotic resistance.
Antibacterial Activity Evaluation
Researchers used the agar cup diffusion method to assess the antibacterial efficacy. The study showed that at 50 µl concentration, the highest inhibition zones were observed in B. subtilis and S. aureus with a 30.0mm diameter. The extract also proved moderately effective at 20 and 30 µl concentrations across all tested bacteria. The antibacterial activity observed is notable in comparison to synthetic antibiotics Gentamicin and Tetracycline, particularly against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and P. fluorescens.
Extraction Process
The aqueous extract was prepared by macerating 100 grams of thoroughly washed and dried leaves of A. malabarica with 100 ml of sterile distilled water. This mixture was filtered, centrifuged, and sterilized, yielding a concentrated extract stored at 5°C. This meticulous process ensured the extract retained its antibacterial properties for subsequent testing.
Results and Analysis
The study found that A. malabarica extract effectively inhibited bacterial growth, with inhibition zones varying by concentration. For instance, B. subtilis showed inhibitory zones from 4.0mm at 10 µl to 30.0mm at 50 µl. When compared to synthetic antibiotics, natural extracts demonstrated considerable antibacterial potential, even though they did not exceed the efficacy of Gentamicin and Tetracycline, which showed inhibition zones ranging from 28.0mm to 36.0mm across bacteria.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that A. malabarica leaves exhibit significant antibacterial activity against soil-borne pathogens. Although the aqueous extracts showed promising results, further research is needed to evaluate solvent extracts and isolate bioactive compounds. This study underscores the potential of medicinal plants as sources for alternative antibacterial agents, offering an eco-friendly approach to combating drug-resistant bacteria.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is studied in this research?
The study evaluates the antibacterial activity of Anisomeles malabarica leaf extract against six soil-borne bacteria.
Which bacteria showed maximum inhibition?
Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus showed maximum inhibition of 30.0mm at 50 µl concentration.
How was the aqueous extract prepared?
One hundred grams of dried leaves were macerated with 100 ml distilled water, filtered, centrifuged, and sterilized.
What method was used to test antibacterial activity?
The Agar cup diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extract.
Which synthetic antibiotics were compared?
The antibacterial activity of the extract was compared with Gentamicin and Tetracycline at a dosage of 25mg.
What are the future research directions?
Further evaluation of solvent extracts, isolation of bioactive compounds, and characterization are needed.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In vitro antibacterial activity of Anisomeles malabarica against soil bacteria”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the antibacterial action demonstrated by the aqueous extract of Anisomeles malabarica leaves against soil-borne bacteria. The study showed varying inhibition zones, which are measurable outcomes of the extract's capability to restrain the growth of six different bacterial species, showcasing its potential medicinal properties.
2) Drug:
Drug in this context pertains to the synthetic antibiotics Gentamicin and Tetracycline used as controls in the study. These are commercially produced substances used to treat infections and served as benchmarks against which the antibacterial efficacy of the plant extract was compared.
3) Medicine:
Medicine here broadly refers to plant-based remedies, such as those derived from Anisomeles malabarica, traditionally used in primary health care. Medicinal plants, rich in bioactive compounds, offer alternative treatments, and are particularly significant in developing countries where plant-based medicine remains a primary health solution.
4) Botany:
Botany refers to the scientific study of plants, which is critical in this research as it involves understanding the properties and potential applications of Anisomeles malabarica. The affiliations of the authors with botany departments underline the botanical focus of the study in identifying antibacterial properties of this plant species.
5) Water:
Water is crucial in the study as it was used to create the aqueous extract of Anisomeles malabarica leaves. This involved blending the leaves with distilled water, followed by filtration and centrifugation to obtain the extract, which was then assessed for antibacterial activity against various soil bacteria.
6) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformed in this context refers to the conversion of data on inhibition zones into a format suitable for statistical analysis. The observed values (percentages) were transformed using the arcsine method before being analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), ensuring the validity and reliability of the study’s conclusions.
7) Science (Scientific):
Science underpins the entire study, encompassing botany, microbiology, and pharmacology. The scientific method provides a structured approach to investigating the antibacterial properties of Anisomeles malabarica, ensuring that the findings are based on systematic experimentation, observation, and statistical analysis.
8) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated describes the collection and assembly of research evidence supporting the potential of medicinal plants in healthcare. The study contributes to this growing body of evidence by demonstrating the antibacterial properties of Anisomeles malabarica, bolstering the case for further scientific investigation into plant-based treatments.
9) Discussion:
Discussion encompasses the section in the study where the authors analyze and interpret their findings. They compare the antibacterial activity of the plant extract with synthetic antibiotics, address the implications of using plant-based medicines, and suggest directions for further research, contributing to a deeper understanding of the study’s significance.
10) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to the understanding and information presented in the study about Anisomeles malabarica’s antibacterial properties. This includes historical use of medicinal plants, current scientific findings, and the ongoing accumulation of empirical data that collectively advance the field of pharmacognosy and medicinal botany.
11) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid refers to one of the many secondary metabolites present in plants that exhibit antimicrobial properties. While the study primarily focuses on the aqueous extract of Anisomeles malabarica, flavonoids are mentioned as a type of compound that potentially contributes to the observed antibacterial activity of medicinal plants.
12) Cina (Cīna, Cīnā, Ciṉa, Ciṉā, Cīṉā, Cinā):
China is cited historically to illustrate the long-standing use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine. The country, along with India and the Near East, represents ancient civilizations that documented the medicinal use of plants, emphasizing the deep-rooted history and continued relevance of botanical remedies in healthcare.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In vitro antibacterial activity of Anisomeles malabarica against soil bacteria’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Anisomeles malabarica, Medicinal plant, Traditional knowledge, Traditional medicine, Synthetic antibiotic, Herbal medicine, Developing countries, Antibacterial activity, Research article, In vitro, Zone of inhibition, Aqueous extract, Secondary metabolite, Bacterial resistance, Clinical microbiology, Antimicrobial efficacy, Gram positive, Gram negative, Plant-based medicine, Primary Healthcare, Agar cup diffusion method, Multiple Drug Resistance, Nutrient agar medium, Concentration levels, Test organism, Synthetic drug, Bioactive principle.