Simultaneous determination of lymecycline and tetracycline in bovine milk
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Simultaneous determination of lymecycline and tetracycline residues in bovine milk followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled to highperformance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Tentu. Nageswara Rao, T. Srinivasa Rao and G. Silpa
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Simultaneous determination of lymecycline and tetracycline residues in bovine milk followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled to highperformance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presents a method developed for the simultaneous determination of antibiotic residues, specifically Lymecycline and Tetracycline, in bovine milk. The method employs matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The primary goal is to provide a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical approach for detecting these antibiotics, which are commonly used in food-producing animals and can end up in milk, raising food safety concerns.
Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion (MSPD)
Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is a pivotal technique used in this study. Developed by Barker in 1989, MSPD offers several advantages over traditional extraction methods. It utilizes small amounts of sample and solvent and simplifies the extraction process with fewer experimental steps. The method is designed to work with solid and semi-solid matrices, employing a sorbent that acts as an abrasive to facilitate the extraction of analytes from the sample matrix. This technique's success depends on the antibiotic's solubility in the solvent and the interactions between the matrix, sorbent, and eluent.
Method Validation
Method validation was rigorously conducted to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the proposed analytical method. Various parameters including accuracy, precision, linearity, limits of detection (LOD), and limits of quantification (LOQ) were evaluated. The method exhibited high recovery rates (88-96%) with relative standard deviations below 2%, which indicates its precision. The calibration solutions ranged from 0.01 to 2.0 µg/mL, with LOD and LOQ being 0.01 µg/mL and 0.03 µg/mL respectively. This comprehensive validation confirms that the method is robust and reliable for detecting Lymecycline and Tetracycline at low concentrations in milk.
Chromatographic Separation and Specificity
The HPLC-UV system used in this study ensured high specificity, with the ability to clearly distinguish the target antibiotics from other components in the milk samples. The chromatographic conditions, including the use of specific solvents and the maintenance of column temperature, were optimized for efficient separation. The retention times for Lymecycline and Tetracycline were consistent, and the chromatograms showed no interfering peaks, indicating that the method is selective and specific for the target analytes.
Conclusion
The study successfully developed and validated a rapid, simple, and sensitive MSPD-HPLC-UV method for detecting Lymecycline and Tetracycline residues in bovine milk. This method requires minimal sample preparation and ensures good matrix clean-up, offering a reliable analytical tool for routine monitoring of antibiotic residues in milk. The validation parameters align with established guidelines, confirming the method's applicability for ensuring food safety in dairy products.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the study about?
The study focuses on developing a method for simultaneous determination of Lymecycline and Tetracycline residues in bovine milk using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV).
Which antibiotics were analyzed?
The antibiotics analyzed were Lymecycline and Tetracycline.
What is the extraction method used?
Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was used for extracting the antibiotic residues from bovine milk.
What was the detection method for the analysis?
High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used as the detection method.
What are the recovery rates for the antibiotics?
The average recovery rates ranged from 88% to 96%, with relative standard deviations less than 2%.
What are the LOD and LOQ for the method?
The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.01 µg/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.03 µg/mL.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Simultaneous determination of lymecycline and tetracycline in bovine milk”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Milk:
Milk, central to this study, serves as the sample medium tested for antibiotic residues like Lymecycline and Tetracycline. Milk is chosen due to its widespread consumption and nutritional importance, necessitating stringent monitoring for contaminants to ensure public health safety, especially in food-producing animals like bovines.
2) Fortification:
Fortification refers to the process of adding a known concentration of antibiotics to milk samples to test the method's accuracy and precision. This important step helps validate the analytical method by assessing its ability to detect and quantify antibiotics at specified levels, ensuring the reliability of the study.
3) Drug:
Drug in this context refers to antibiotics such as Lymecycline and Tetracycline used in livestock. Their presence in milk needs monitoring due to potential health risks to consumers. The study's goal is to establish a reliable method for detecting these drug residues, ensuring milk safety and compliance with regulations.
4) Water:
Water is mentioned in the study's methodology, specifically as a component of the mobile phase in HPLC-UV analysis. It is part of the solvent mixture used to achieve effective separation and detection of antibiotics in milk samples, playing a crucial role in the chromatographic process.
5) Diet:
Diet is referenced in the introduction, highlighting the significance of milk in human nutrition. The study underscores the importance of monitoring antibiotic residues in milk due to its widespread consumption, which directly impacts human health and dietary safety, especially in regions with high milk intake.
6) Discussion:
Discussion in the text pertains to analyzing and interpreting results related to the determination of antibiotic residues in milk. It encompasses evaluating the method's accuracy, precision, linearity, and detection limits, and comparing them with standards to conclude the method's effectiveness and potential for routine monitoring.
7) Substance:
Substance in the text refers to milk as a substance created to feed the mammalian infant. The study examines milk's contamination with antibiotic residues, thus addressing its quality as both a nutritional food product and a potential vector for unwanted drug residues that can impact consumer health.
8) Buffalo (Buffaloes):
Buffaloes are mentioned as one of the species domesticated for milk production. The study's context includes various milk-producing animals whose milk must be tested for antibiotic residues. Ensuring residue-free milk from such animals is crucial for consumer safety and regulatory compliance.
9) Reason:
Reason relates to the multiple applications of drugs in animal husbandry, such as disease prevention, treatment, or growth promotion. The overuse or misuse of these drugs can lead to residue contamination in milk. The study aims to address this by validating a method to detect these residues, thereby promoting safe and responsible drug use in livestock.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Simultaneous determination of lymecycline and tetracycline in bovine milk’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Analytical method, High performance liquid chromatography, Retention time, Analytical standards, Mobile phase, Limit of detection, Limit of quantification, Solid-phase extraction, Sample preparation, Calibration curve, Recovery studies, Method validation, Relative standard deviation, Bovine milk.