Characterization of Human Hippocampal Astrocytes under Hypoxia.

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Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Characterisation of Primary Human Hippocampal Astrocyte Cell Culture Following Exposure to Hypoxia
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.

Author:

Nurul Atikah Nor Nazli, Sangu Muthuraju, Farizan Ahmad, Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff, Hasnan Jaafar, Shaharum Shamsuddin, Jafri Malin Abdullah


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Characterisation of Primary Human Hippocampal Astrocyte Cell Culture Following Exposure to Hypoxia

Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.1.8

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study investigates the characterization of human hippocampal astrocytes under hypoxic conditions, which are known to adversely affect the central nervous system. Prior research established that the hippocampus is particularly sensitive to low oxygen levels, leading to various cellular and molecular consequences, including apoptosis and necrosis. This study aimed to understand how different oxygen concentrations, specifically a reduction to 3% oxygen over 15 minutes, impact astrocyte cell viability and morphology. The research proposes that these changes could enhance our understanding of astrocytic behavior in response to environmental stressors like hypoxia.

Impact of Hypoxia on Astrocyte Viability and Morphology

One of the critical findings of the study revealed that exposure to hypoxia significantly decreased cell viability in human hippocampal astrocytes. Using the Trypan blue viability assay, researchers observed that after 15 minutes at 3% oxygen concentration, approximately 70% of cells died. Microscopic analyses indicated notable morphological changes, such as rupture nuclei and a loss of structural integrity, particularly evident through the staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Immunofluorescence assays indicated a marked increase in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in hypoxic astrocytes, highlighting its role as a response to low oxygen levels.

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrate that human hippocampal astrocytes undergo significant morphological and molecular changes when exposed to hypoxic conditions, leading to cellular damage and reduced viability. The study underscores the role of hypoxia in astrocyte behavior and opens avenues for further investigations into protective mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions targeting astrocytes in conditions such as ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of astrocytic responses to critical environmental changes and their implications for brain health.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the aim of the study on human hippocampal astrocytes?

The study aimed to understand the characterization of human hippocampal astrocytes following exposure to hypoxia and to explore the effects of different oxygen percentages on cell viability and morphology.

Which methods were used to assess astrocyte damage in the study?

Methods included the Trypan blue viability assay, immunofluorescence for GFAP and HIF-1α staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for various genes related to cellular response to hypoxia.

What were the main findings regarding astrocyte morphology under hypoxia?

Under hypoxia, astrocytes displayed rupture in their nuclei, loss of structural rigidity, and significant changes in GFAP expression, indicating cellular damage compared to the control group.

How did hypoxia affect the gene expression of astrocytes?

Hypoxia induced significant changes in the expression of genes such as GFAP, HIF-1α, and Bcl-2 in astrocytes, indicating that these cells respond markedly to oxygen deprivation at the molecular level.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Characterization of Human Hippocampal Astrocytes under Hypoxia.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Death:
Death is a pivotal concept in biological and medical research, particularly in studies of hypoxia. It reflects cellular responses to adverse conditions, such as oxygen deprivation. Understanding the mechanisms of cell death helps in developing therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases and tissue repair in medical fields.

2) Study (Studying):
Studying involves a systematic examination or investigation of a subject to gain knowledge or insights. In scientific research, studying different biological systems, processes, and relationships enhances understanding of complex phenomena. It is essential for developing theories, testing hypotheses, and contributing to advancements in various fields of science.

3) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge through observation and experimentation. It integrates various domains, leading to discoveries that enhance understanding of the natural world. Scientific inquiry fosters critical thinking, innovation, and problem-solving, driving progress in technology, health, and the broader societal context.

4) Line:
Line, in a biological context, often refers to a cell line—a permanently established cell culture that can indefinitely propagate. Cell lines are crucial for research, allowing scientists to conduct experiments consistently. They facilitate studies on cellular behavior, drug responses, and genetic modifications, contributing significantly to molecular biology.

5) Medium:
Medium refers to the nutrient solution used in cell culture to support the growth of cells in vitro. The composition of a medium affects cell viability, growth rate, and differentiation. Optimal media are essential for experimental reproducibility and the success of biological studies in various applications, including drug testing.

6) Table:
In research, a table refers to a systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns. It presents quantitative or qualitative information clearly and concisely, facilitating the comparison and analysis of results. Tables play a vital role in scientific publications, enhancing the understanding of findings and supporting conclusions drawn from studies.

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Family in a biological context typically refers to a taxonomic rank used to classify related organisms. It can also denote groups of genes or proteins sharing similar functions or structures. Understanding familial relationships guides researchers in evolutionary studies, genetics, and ecology, assisting in the understanding of biodiversity and organismal traits.

8) Reoxygenation:
Reoxygenation is the process of restoring oxygen to cells or tissues previously subjected to hypoxia. It plays a crucial role in recovery and rehabilitation following ischemic episodes. Studying reoxygenation helps understand the effects of oxygen resupply, which can lead to insights into treatment strategies for various medical conditions.

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Water is a critical component for life and serves as a solvent in biological processes. It plays crucial roles in cellular functions, nutrient transport, and temperature regulation. Investigating water’s effects on cell behavior and survival under hypoxic conditions is essential for understanding cellular responses and adaptations in various organisms.

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Accumulate refers to the gradual buildup of substances, signals, or markers within cells or tissues. In biological research, studying accumulation patterns can reveal insights into cellular responses to various stimuli, such as hypoxia or drug treatment, and illustrate the dynamics of metabolic processes, informing therapeutic developments.

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Characterization of Human Hippocampal Astrocytes under Hypoxia.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

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