QoL and Effort-Reward Imbalance in Kuching Medical Officers

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Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Quality of Life and Its Association with Effort-Reward Imbalance among Medical Officers Working in Government Hospitals in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Chin Lie Joo, Maruzairi Husain, Nor Asyikin Fadzil, Yee Cheng Kueh


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Quality of Life and Its Association with Effort-Reward Imbalance among Medical Officers Working in Government Hospitals in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.5.11

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Medical officers (MOs) in government hospitals in Malaysia experience significant work-related stress due to various factors including the transition to new work systems, job insecurity, low income satisfaction, and the demanding nature of their environment. This study examines the quality of life (QOL) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) among these professionals, particularly focusing on those working in Kuching, Sarawak. By analyzing the interplay between QOL and ERI, the research aims to identify key determinants affecting the well-being of MOs, thus highlighting the potential risks to their health and the quality of patient care.

Effort-Reward Imbalance and Quality of Life

One of the primary concepts explored in this study is the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model, which analyzes the relationship between the work effort expended by individuals and the rewards received in return. The findings revealed that a significant portion of MOs reported poor QOL, particularly those categorized under high effort/low reward (HELR) conditions. Specifically, those working on a combination of active and passive on-calls exhibited a fivefold increased risk of experiencing poor QOL. Conversely, MOs in low effort/high reward (LEHR) situations displayed a markedly reduced likelihood of poor social domain QOL. Overall, the study suggests that inadequate reward systems coupled with high work demands significantly contribute to lower health-related quality of life among MOs, highlighting the need for better working conditions and support systems.

Conclusion

The results indicate a concerning association between higher ERI and diminished QOL among Malaysian MOs, emphasizing the need for systemic changes to improve working conditions in the healthcare sector. As work environments continue to change, it is crucial for policymakers to address both the effort required from healthcare professionals and the rewards they receive. By implementing strategies that enhance job satisfaction and reduce stress levels, healthcare institutions can ultimately improve not only the well-being of their staff but also the quality of care provided to patients. Furthermore, future research should explore evidence-based interventions tailored to improving occupational health and mitigating the detrimental effects of workplace adversity on healthcare workers.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the aim of the study on medical officers?

The study aimed to examine the quality of life (QOL), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and their association among medical officers working in government hospitals in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

What were the key findings regarding quality of life?

The study found that 54% of medical officers reported poor general quality of life, which was significantly associated with high effort and low reward at work, as well as specific work conditions like active on-call duties.

How were the participants selected for the study?

Participants were selected from two hospitals via convenient sampling, totaling 614 medical officers. Eventually, 276 completed and returned the questionnaires, leading to a response rate of 45%.

What recommendations were made for future research?

Future research should focus on interventions to improve working conditions and further explore the effects of occupational health on the quality of care provided by medical officers.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “QoL and Effort-Reward Imbalance in Kuching Medical Officers”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
Table refers to a structured arrangement of data in rows and columns, commonly used in research publications to summarize results and present findings clearly. Tables enable readers to compare different data points, enhancing comprehension and allowing for quick reference, facilitating analysis of complex information in a concise format.

2) Study (Studying):
Study signifies a systematic investigation aimed at discovering new facts or principles. It often involves gathering data, analyzing it, and drawing conclusions. In the context of medical research, a study scrutinizes health-related phenomena, assesses variables like quality of life, effort-reward imbalance, and evaluates their implications on participants' well-being.

3) Pur:
Poor is used to describe a substandard quality or condition, often indicating deficiency or lack in a specific area. In research focusing on health, such as quality of life assessments, 'poor' often relates to individuals experiencing inadequate mental and physical health, which can affect their overall quality of life.

4) Life:
Life denotes the condition of being alive or the experience of living. In health-related contexts, it is commonly associated with quality of life, indicating how well individuals function physically, mentally, and socially. Factors affecting life, such as work-related stress or personal circumstances, significantly impact health outcomes and overall happiness.

5) Quality:
Quality represents the standard or degree of excellence of something. In the health domain, quality of life encompasses various facets, including physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental aspects. It signifies how well individuals perceive their lives in different domains and highlights the importance of overall life satisfaction.

6) Perception:
Perception refers to the process by which individuals interpret and make sense of their experiences. In studies of quality of life, perception plays a crucial role in determining how individuals assess their health, environment, and relationships. It can significantly influence mental health outcomes and overall happiness.

7) Medium:
Medium generally indicates an intermediate level or condition. In the context of research, it may refer to a middle ground in statistical analysis or group classifications. Understanding the medium effort-reward imbalance can provide insights into how medical officers perceive their job conditions relative to their contributions and rewards.

8) Medicine:
Medicine is the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. It plays a fundamental role in improving individual health and well-being. Understanding medical officers' experiences, including work-related stress and quality of life, is essential to enhancing patient care and professionals' performance within healthcare systems.

9) Male:
Male refers to the biological sex characterized by male reproductive anatomy. In research contexts, understanding the experiences of males, such as their specific health challenges and perceptions related to occupational stress, helps to tailor interventions and improve overall quality of life, particularly in traditionally male-dominated fields like medicine.

10) Disease:
Disease denotes a pathological condition characterized by abnormal functioning of the body or mind. It encompasses a range of health issues, from physical ailments to mental disorders. Researching how diseases impact quality of life helps develop effective treatment strategies, facilitating better management and improved health outcomes for affected individuals.

11) Rules:
Rules refer to prescribed guidelines or principles that govern behavior or processes. In healthcare, rules may encompass policies concerning medical practice, ethical standards, or workplace guidelines. Ensuring adherence to rules can enhance the quality of care delivered, protect patient rights, and influence medical officers’ work-life balance.

12) Depression:
Depression is a common mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest. It can profoundly impact quality of life, social relationships, and professional performance. Researching the prevalence and factors associated with depression among medical officers is essential to developing effective interventions and supportive strategies.

13) Anxiety:
Anxiety refers to feelings of worry, nervousness, or unease regarding uncertain outcomes. In the context of healthcare professionals, anxiety may arise from work-related pressures, affecting their mental health and job performance. Understanding anxiety's role in medical officers' lives can guide improvements in work conditions and personal well-being.

14) Performance:
Performance relates to how effectively an individual executes their duties and responsibilities. In medical settings, it often pertains to healthcare professionals' competencies, efficiency, and overall ability to provide quality patient care. Understanding the relationship between occupational stress and performance is crucial for enhancing healthcare delivery and organizational outcomes.

15) Learning:
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, or behaviors through experience, study, or instruction. In medical contexts, continuous learning is vital for professionals to keep up with advancements in medicine and provide effective patient care. Research on learning environments can identify factors that facilitate or hinder educational outcomes in healthcare.

16) Pursuing:
Pursuing denotes the action of striving to achieve or attain something. In the context of medical careers, pursuing further education, certification, or expertise is common. Understanding the motivations influencing medical officers' career paths enhances insight into their professional development and can inform strategies for workforce retention.

17) Science (Scientific):
Scientific pertains to the systematic pursuit of knowledge through observation, experimentation, and reasoning. It underscores the importance of evidence-based practices in medicine and healthcare systems. Research drawing scientifically valid conclusions ensures that treatment approaches and policy recommendations are grounded in robust data, ultimately enhancing patient care and health outcomes.

18) Reliability:
Reliability is the degree to which an assessment tool consistently produces stable and accurate results. In the context of research, ensuring the reliability of questionnaires measuring quality of life and effort-reward imbalance is crucial for validating findings and making informed recommendations based on the studies conducted within healthcare settings.

19) Education:
Education signifies the process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, and habits. In healthcare, education plays a vital role in preparing medical officers and other professionals to effectively address public health challenges. Continuous education enhances competencies, supports adaptive practices, and fosters innovation in medical settings.

20) Training:
Training refers to the practice of enhancing skills and knowledge through structured learning experiences. In the field of medicine, effective training programs are crucial for developing competent healthcare professionals. It is essential for coping with the complexities of patient care, understanding quality of life issues, and mitigating work-related stress.

21) Rampal:
Rampal likely refers to a notable individual involved in medical research, possibly contributing to studies related to healthcare or well-being. Understanding the contributions of researchers like Rampal is important for acknowledging the developments in clinical practices and the ongoing efforts to enhance the health of medical professionals.

22) Varga:
Varga may refer to a researcher or author within the context of medical studies. Recognition of contributors to healthcare literature provides insight into multidisciplinary efforts and collaborations driving innovations, promoting evidence-based practice, and highlighting the importance of research in influencing policies to improve medical officers' quality of life.

23) Malik:
Malik is often recognized as a researcher or medical professional whose works contribute to the understanding of health issues, especially in the context of physician well-being. Identifying prominent figures like Malik helps illuminate the integrated perspective on medical practice and the factors influencing healthcare delivery and professional satisfaction.

24) Patel:
Patel often represents a significant contributor to medical research, especially related to the quality of life and occupational health. Recognizing individuals like Patel is useful to appreciate the collaborative nature of research that addresses the challenges faced by medical professionals and leads to systemic improvements in working conditions.

25) Field:
Field refers to a particular domain of study or professional area. In healthcare, identifying specific fields helps contextualize research findings, enhances understanding of particular issues, and promotes tailored responses to address unique challenges within those disciplines, ensuring a thorough exploration of topics like quality of life and work-related stress.

26) Sah:
Shah may denote a researcher, clinician, or prominent figure in medical academia recognized for contributing to health discourse or studies. Acknowledging individuals like Shah helps recognize the collective efforts of researchers in understanding and improving healthcare practices, which ultimately benefit medical officers and their patient-serving roles.

27) Pari:
Pari often signifies an individual in the medical research community known for contributing to studies on health outcomes, particularly those related to wellness and quality of life. Understanding contributions from individuals like Pari can bridge the gap in knowledge and guide research and clinical practices focused on health improvement.

28) Pain:
Pain relates to the physical or emotional suffering resulting from various health conditions. In medical contexts, it plays an essential role in assessing quality of life and health outcomes. Addressing pain appropriately is crucial for improving individuals' quality of life and ensuring effective patient management in healthcare settings.

29) Bronchial asthma:
Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Understanding its prevalence among medical officers contributes to recognizing the impact of health conditions on quality of life, work-related stress, and overall performance. Appropriate management strategies are vital to mitigate its effects on daily functioning.

30) Radiotherapy:
Radiotherapy is a medical treatment that uses ionizing radiation to kill or damage cancerous cells. Its implications on quality of life, treatment experiences, and recovery processes are significant in the context of healthcare assessment. Understanding patients' experiences with radiotherapy helps foster empathetic care practices and enhance patient support mechanisms.

31) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the environment or context in which individuals exist or operate. In healthcare research, understanding the surrounding conditions affecting medical officers, such as workplace environment and societal influences, can reveal important insights into the psychosocial factors impacting quality of life and overall job satisfaction.

32) Discussion:
Discussion involves the examination, interpretation, and evaluation of findings in a research study. It plays a critical role in contextualizing results, connecting them with existing literature, and addressing implications for practice. A comprehensive discussion fosters understanding and encourages constructive discourse among researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders.

33) Knowledge:
Knowledge signifies the awareness, understanding, and information gained through experience or education. In healthcare, possessing knowledge is pivotal for informed decision-making, effective communication, and quality service delivery. Enhancing knowledge among medical professionals lays the foundation for improved patient care and addresses the complexities of various health challenges.

34) Substance:
Substance refers to a material or specific drug, which can have significant health impacts. In medical research, the understanding of substance use and its effects on individuals' physical and mental health is crucial, as it relates to issues like addiction, recovery, and overall quality of life.

35) Hinduism:
Hinduism is a major world religion with diverse beliefs and practices. Understanding its impact on individuals’ values, health perceptions, and lifestyle choices can provide valuable insight into the cultural dimensions of healthcare. Research exploring the interplay of religion and health can enhance cultural competence in medical practice.

36) Activity:
Activity indicates a specific task or action undertaken by individuals. In health contexts, physical and social activities significantly impact quality of life. Examining patterns of activity can highlight the relationship between lifestyle choices, health outcomes, and overall well-being, guiding interventions aimed at encouraging healthier behaviors.

37) Buddhism (Buddhist tradition):
Buddhist refers to individuals who practice Buddhism, a spiritual tradition emphasizing mindfulness, compassion, and the pursuit of enlightenment. Understanding the role of Buddhist practices can provide insights into coping mechanisms and perspectives on mental health, contributing to holistic approaches that enhance quality of life for practitioners.

38) Meeting:
Meeting refers to a gathering of individuals for discussion, planning, or decision-making. In healthcare contexts, meetings can facilitate communication among medical professionals, promote teamwork, and foster collaborative problem-solving efforts, ultimately impacting quality of care and addressing challenges within healthcare settings.

39) Family:
Family denotes a basic social unit consisting of individuals related by blood or marriage. In healthcare contexts, family dynamics greatly influence individual health outcomes, coping strategies, and stress management. Recognizing the importance of family impact on quality of life aids in delivering holistic and comprehensive medical care.

40) Reason:
Reason denotes the explanation or justification for an action or belief. In a health context, understanding the reasons behind patients' behaviors, treatment choices, or responses to medical recommendations is crucial to crafting effective interventions tailored to meet individual needs and enhance quality of life.

41) Desire:
Desire signifies a strong feeling of wanting or wishing for something. In healthcare, understanding patients' desires can inform treatment plans and interventions tailored to meet their preferences, thereby enhancing satisfaction and adherence to medical advice, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes.

42) Money:
Money represents a medium of exchange used to measure value. In healthcare discussions, financial factors often influence access to care, treatment choices, and overall wellbeing. Understanding the implications of money related to healthcare can guide policies aimed at reducing financial burdens on individuals seeking medical assistance.

43) House:
House signifies a physical structure used as accommodation by individuals or families. In healthcare, the home environment plays a crucial role in individuals' health and well-being. Research into housing conditions can inform interventions aimed at improving living conditions and ensuring that health systems address environmental determinants of health.

44) Blood:
Blood refers to the bodily fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system, carrying oxygen, nutrients, and waste. In medical contexts, blood has significant implications for diagnostics and treatment of diseases. Understanding blood-related health issues can guide effective interventions aimed at improving overall health and quality of life.

45) Cina:
China is a country in East Asia known for its rich cultural heritage and significant global influence. In healthcare research, understanding Chinese perspectives on medicine and wellness can enrich cross-cultural studies, emphasizing cultural competence in delivering healthcare and addressing specific health challenges faced by the population.

46) Noise:
Noise refers to unwanted or disruptive sounds that can impact health and well-being. In medical research, understanding the effects of noise pollution on physical and mental health is essential. It often contributes to stress and adversely affects quality of life, emphasizing the need for interventions addressing environmental factors.

47) Tank:
Tank in the context of work could refer to a reservoir or large container, often associated with storage of liquids or gases. Although not directly applicable in healthcare research, understanding the terminology around tanks may be relevant in discussions about resources or infrastructure in healthcare settings.

48) Line:
Line could refer to several concepts depending on context, such as a line of communication or process. In healthcare, effective communication lines among professionals are crucial for collaborative care and decision-making. Clear lines of responsibility enhance teamwork, ensuring quality patient care and improved health outcomes.

49) Post:
Post refers to a position, duty, or a publication about specific topics. In medical contexts, ‘post’ could relate to posts in hospital settings, medical roles, or personalized assessments. Understanding the significance of posts in professional contexts helps clarify responsibilities and enhances clarity in communication and operations.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘QoL and Effort-Reward Imbalance in Kuching Medical Officers’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Age, Religion, Mental health, Chronic illness, Physical health, Causal relationship, Patient care, Medical graduate, Psychiatric illness, Future research, Quality of life, High blood pressure, Gender, Working condition, Alcohol use, Financial resources, Medical officer, Psychological health, Inclusion criteria, Exclusion criteria, Descriptive Statistics, Statistical Significance, Statistically Significant, Poor quality of life, Test-retest reliability, Cronbach's alpha, Cross-sectional study, WHOQOL-BREF, Psychological Wellbeing, Healthcare Workers, Self-reported questionnaire, Marital Status, Response rate, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Self-administered questionnaire, Job satisfaction, Interquartile Range, Working environment, Occupational health, Psychological disorder, Serum cortisol, Working hours, Median, Online Survey, Postgraduate studies, Internal Consistency, Quality of patient care, Work related stress, Job insecurity, Workload, Job promotion, Career advancement, Sociodemographic data, Adjusted odds ratio, Employment status, Tertiary Hospital, Physical Domain, Psychological Domain, Social Domain, Environmental Domain, Job security, Logistic regression analysis, Convenient sampling, Categorical data, Crude odds ratio, Long working hours, Government Hospital, Physical disorder.

Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.

High reward, Lack of respect, Poor health, Race.

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