Characterization of Diarrhoeagenic Non-O157 E. coli in Kuantan Kids
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: The Characterisation of Diarrhoeagenic Verotoxin Producing Non-O157 Escherichia coli among Young Children in Kuantan, Malaysia
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Md Fazlul KARIM KHAN, Shah Samiur RASHID, Aizi Nor Mazila RAMLI, Muhammad Nomani KABIR, Mohammad Nazmul HASAN MAZIZ
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: The Characterisation of Diarrhoeagenic Verotoxin Producing Non-O157 Escherichia coli among Young Children in Kuantan, Malaysia
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.2.6
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old, particularly in developing countries. One significant etiological agent of diarrhea is verotoxin-producing non-O157 Escherichia coli (VTEC), a recognized pathogen that not only contributes to ongoing public health concerns but is also linked to severe illnesses, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). In Malaysia, where acute diarrhea poses a substantial health risk, understanding the prevalence and characterization of VTEC strains is vital to curbing their impact on child health. This study focuses on the association of VTEC with infectious diarrhea in children and evaluates their virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility profiles.
Key Findings: Prevalence and Virulence of VTEC
The research yielded notable findings regarding the prevalence of non-O157 VTEC in Malaysian children diagnosed with diarrhea. Out of 137 E. coli clinical isolates, 49 strains (35.5%) were identified as non-O157 serogroups. Among these, significant virulence factors were detected, with 29 isolates harboring verotoxin genes linked to diarrhea in young children. The predominant genotypes identified were VT1 and VT2, found in 21 and 5 strains, respectively. Notably, high levels of multidrug resistance were observed among the isolates, with a staggering 90% resistant to certain antibiotics. These findings emphasize the urgent need for improved surveillance and preventive strategies to manage VTEC-related infections in this vulnerable population.
Conclusion
This study underscores the prevalence of VTEC strains and their associated virulence factors among children with diarrhea in Malaysia, highlighting significant public health concerns. The evidence points to a correlation between the presence of virulence genes and the severity of diarrheal diseases, compounded by alarming rates of antibiotic resistance among VTEC isolates. To mitigate these risks, it is critical to enhance public health initiatives aimed at promoting food safety, improving hygiene practices, and implementing effective monitoring of antibiotic use. Continued research and collaboration among health professionals are essential to develop targeted interventions that can protect children from the potentially severe consequences of VTEC infections.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of this study on VTEC in children?
The study aims to investigate the prevalence of verotoxin-producing non-O157 Escherichia coli (VTEC) among Malaysian children, emphasizing its association with infectious diarrhea, morbidity, and mortality in developing countries.
How were the VTEC strains identified and characterized in the study?
Isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques, followed by serological assays to discern non-O157 E. coli serogroups and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen for virulence genes VT1 and VT2.
What were the primary findings regarding VTEC strains in Malaysian children?
Out of 137 isolates, 49 non-O157 E. coli were characterized, with 29 strains harboring verotoxin genes. The predominant strains exhibiting verotoxin genes were identified as VT1 and VT2 types.
What is the significance of antibiotic resistance patterns found in VTEC?
The study found high antibiotic resistance among VTEC isolates, with 80% classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), highlighting the public health risk and the need for proper antibiotic use and infection control measures.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Characterization of Diarrhoeagenic Non-O157 E. coli in Kuantan Kids”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
The table is fundamental in research, serving as a structured way to present data. In this context, it illustrates the prevalence and characteristics of non-O157 VTEC serogroups and their correlation with various factors among the studied population, allowing easier comprehension and analysis of complex data sets.
2) Study (Studying):
The study refers to systematic research aimed at understanding the prevalence and impact of verotoxin-producing non-O157 E. coli in Malaysian children. It highlights the relationship between bacterial infections and their consequences, emphasizing the significance of such research in informing health policies and preventive measures against infections.
3) Food:
Food is a critical aspect in the context of gastrointestinal infections. It serves as a primary medium through which foodborne pathogens like non-O157 VTEC can be transmitted. Understanding food safety practices is essential for preventing infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children.
4) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are essential for treating bacterial infections, but their misuse has led to an alarming increase in antibiotic-resistant strains. In this study, antibiotic susceptibility patterns are examined to understand the resistance of VTEC strains, guiding effective treatment options and informing public health strategies.
5) Milk:
Milk, particularly raw or unpasteurized varieties, is often associated with foodborne illnesses. Its role in the transmission of VTEC highlights the need for stringent handling and processing measures to prevent contamination, which can affect young children disproportionately due to their developing immune systems.
6) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. In the context of VTEC infections, understanding the interactions between these pathogens and drug therapies is crucial for effective clinical management and antibiotic resistance considerations, impacting treatment outcomes.
7) Disease:
Disease encompasses a range of health issues caused by infections. In this study, diarrheal diseases driven by VTEC among children are highlighted. The prevalence of such diseases emphasizes the need for public health interventions and awareness campaigns to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.
8) Animal:
Animals are significant reservoirs for various pathogens, including non-O157 VTEC. Understanding zoonotic transmission pathways is essential for controlling the spread of these bacteria from livestock to humans, particularly through contaminated food products, and highlights the importance of animal health in public health measures.
9) Science (Scientific):
Scientific research provides the foundation for understanding complex health issues. The scientific approach taken in this study includes methodologies that ensure the reliability and validity of data, aiding in the identification of trends, risks, and effective interventions related to VTEC infections.
10) Water:
Water is a vital resource that can act as a vehicle for transmitting pathogens like VTEC. Ensuring access to clean, safe drinking water is crucial in preventing outbreaks of waterborne illnesses, particularly in young populations who are at greater risk of infection.
11) Rules:
Rules and guidelines, particularly in the context of microbiological testing and public health, are critical for maintaining food safety and managing disease outbreaks. Data derived from strict adherence to such rules can guide effective interventions and policy making aimed at protecting vulnerable populations.
12) Male:
The term male refers to one gender of the study population. Gender differences can influence disease prevalence and immune responses, which are significant in understanding the epidemiology of infections like VTEC among children, implicating the need for tailored health interventions.
13) Developing:
Developing countries face unique challenges regarding public health, sanitation, and access to healthcare. The study highlights the increased burden of VTEC infections in these regions, necessitating targeted research and interventions to mitigate the health impacts on children, who are particularly vulnerable.
14) Roman (Roma):
Roman in this context could denote a study or reference related to specific historical or cultural aspects that may influence health practices or the prevalence of VTEC. Understanding such nuances can enrich the overall findings and recommendations of the study.
15) Meat:
Meat is a common source of foodborne pathogens like VTEC. The handling, processing, and consumption of contaminated meat can lead to infections, particularly in children. The study emphasizes the importance of food safety to mitigate such risks.
16) Life:
Life in this context relates to the overall health and well-being of children affected by VTEC. Understanding the implications of these infections is vital for developing effective public health strategies that protect the lives of the vulnerable, especially young children.
17) Transmission:
Transmission describes the process by which pathogens spread from one host to another. The study seeks to delineate the various pathways of VTEC transmission, including foodborne, waterborne, and zoonotic routes, which is crucial for controlling outbreaks and protecting public health.
18) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a common symptom associated with gastrointestinal infections, including those caused by VTEC. Understanding the clinical manifestations assists in the diagnosis and management of infections while providing insights into the broader impacts on affected populations, especially children.
19) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygienic practices play a crucial role in preventing the spread of infections like VTEC. Promoting good hygiene standards, especially in food handling and preparation, is essential for protecting public health and reducing the incidence of diarrheal diseases, particularly in vulnerable populations.
20) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma likely refers to a contributing author or researcher whose background adds credibility to the study. The inclusion of diverse perspectives enhances the research quality and provides a comprehensive understanding of the implications of VTEC infections.
21) Purification:
Purification processes are essential in microbiological studies to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data. Purification techniques contribute to separating specific bacterial strains for detailed analysis, which is vital in understanding the characteristics of VTEC infections in children.
22) Chidambaram:
Chidambaram is another contributor or author associated with the research. The insights and expertise brought by Chidambaram can influence the methodology and interpretation of results regarding VTEC prevalence, enhancing the study’s overall validity.
23) Performance:
Performance metrics are important in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and treatments in medical science. In the context of this study, examining the performance of detection techniques and antibiotics against VTEC aids in determining the best practices for managing infections.
24) Attending:
Attending suggests participation in the research setting, which may include children undergoing treatment at health facilities. Their involvement is crucial for gathering data on prevalence and clinical features of VTEC infections, directly shaping public health responses.
25) Mutation:
Mutation refers to genetic changes in organisms, potentially influencing virulence and antibiotic resistance in pathogens like VTEC. Understanding mutations can inform public health strategies aimed at anticipating changes in pathogen behavior and designing effective control measures.
26) Teaching:
Teaching denotes the aspect of disseminating knowledge about VTEC infections through educational programs for healthcare professionals and the public. Improved awareness and understanding of these pathogens are fundamental to preventing outbreaks and promoting better health practices.
27) Mallika:
Mallika may represent an author contributing to the research insights. The academic background and research findings associated with Mallika provide valuable knowledge on VTEC, its impacts, and management strategies necessary for public health.
28) Aureus:
Aureus refers to a species, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, which is often compared in studies regarding bacterial infections. Highlighting different pathogens complements the understanding of how VTEC behaves and interacts within the pediatric population.
29) Nausea:
Nausea commonly accompanies gastrointestinal infections, serving as a significant symptom in diagnosing VTEC infections. Understanding this symptom's prevalence informs both clinical practices and public health initiatives aimed at effectively managing diarrheal diseases.
30) India:
India is a relevant geographical context for studying diarrheal diseases like VTEC infections, as the burden of infections in developing countries is notable. Comparative analyses can provide insight into the impacts, challenges, and successful interventions specific to regions like India.
31) Patel:
Patel may refer to an author or influencer in the study, contributing specific insights that enrich the research. The background and expertise of Patel can provide unique perspectives critical to understanding the dynamics of VTEC in populations.
32) Kabir:
Kabir is likely involved in the research, offering insights, methodologies, or data interpretations regarding VTEC. The collaboration of various authors, including Kabir, strengthens the study's credibility and informs potential solutions to antibiotic resistance and public health challenges.
33) Death:
Death encompasses the severe outcomes associated with untreated or poorly managed VTEC infections, especially in vulnerable populations like young children. Discussions regarding mortality rates drive the need for effective public health policies to minimize fatal consequences.
34) Turan:
Duran likely refers to contributing expertise in the study. The perspectives and research insights provided by Duran are valuable in shaping conclusions and recommendations relevant to VTEC prevalence and treatment in pediatric populations.
35) Desha (Desa):
Desa may signify a contributing author in the research, offering valuable expertise from a specific context. Their input aids in drawing comprehensive conclusions regarding the impact of VTEC on public health.
36) Bora:
Bora likely represents a contributing researcher whose insights are integral to the study's outcomes. Their findings may provide critical data or interpretations that clarify the relationship between VTEC prevalence and various health factors.
37) Bird:
Bird can denote a source of potential VTEC transmission in zoonotic contexts, emphasizing the necessity of monitoring wildlife interactions. Understanding the ecology and transmission dynamics involves assessing how avian species may harbor or spread VTEC.
38) Pain:
Pain is a significant clinical symptom associated with gastrointestinal infections, including those caused by VTEC. Recognizing this symptom helps in the early diagnosis and management of infected patients, particularly vulnerable children.
39) Hand:
Hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the transmission of pathogens like VTEC. Promoting proper handwashing practices in communities is essential in mitigating the spread of infections, particularly in settings with high risk among children.
40) Measurement:
Measurement techniques are essential for quantifying the prevalence and impact of VTEC infections. Accurate data collection and analysis enable targeted public health interventions, improving the overall understanding of the disease burden in specific populations.
41) Observation:
Observation techniques are vital in the clinical setting for detecting symptoms and tracking infection outcomes. Detailed observations assist in informing healthcare providers about potential outbreaks and guiding public health responses effectively.
42) Discussion:
Discussion serves as a platform for analyzing research findings, offering interpretations, and suggesting future directions. Engaging in discussions regarding VTEC can lead to improved strategies for preventive measures and enhanced healthcare policies.
43) Quality:
Quality ensures the reliability of research outcomes and effective interventions in public health. Maintaining high quality in laboratory techniques, data collection, and analysis is essential for advancing knowledge about VTEC and its impacts.
44) Species:
Species refer to distinct classifications of organisms, essential for understanding the ecological dynamics of VTEC. Identifying VTEC-related species is crucial for determining transmission pathways and crafting effective public health responses.
45) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom in infections, indicating the body's response to pathogens like VTEC. Monitoring fever as a clinical sign aids in diagnosing and managing infections, guiding treatment decisions for affected children.
46) Blood:
Blood tests can provide critical information regarding infection status and severity in patients with VTEC infections. Monitoring for blood-related complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, is crucial in vulnerable populations.
47) Pose:
Pose involves the potential risks and impacts of VTEC infections, particularly in children. Identifying and addressing these risks is essential for developing effective public health initiatives aimed at reducing infection rates.
48) Post:
Post refers to the analysis and dissemination of research findings after completing a study. It is crucial for sharing insights, guiding public health policy, and improving strategies related to managing VTEC infections in communities.
Other Health Sciences Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Characterization of Diarrhoeagenic Non-O157 E. coli in Kuantan Kids’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
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