Insulin Adherence and Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Klang
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Insulin Adherence and Associated Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated in Klang Primary Health Care Centres
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Nasruddin AZRI, Bachok NORSA’ADAH, Norul Badriah HASSAN, Nyi Nyi NAING
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Insulin Adherence and Associated Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated in Klang Primary Health Care Centres
Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.6.8
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease globally, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. In Malaysia, the prevalence of T2DM has risen alarmingly, with reports indicating an increase from 6.3% in 1986 to an anticipated 20.6% by 2020. Complications associated with poorly controlled T2DM, such as cardiovascular disease and nephropathy, can severely impact quality of life. Despite the necessity of insulin therapy for effective glycaemic control, adherence among T2DM patients remains problematic. This study aimed to determine the adherence levels to insulin therapy in patients with T2DM in primary care centers and to identify factors associated with adherence.
Importance of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose
The findings indicated an alarming adherence rate of only 8.4% to insulin therapy among participants. Key factors that positively correlated with adherence included self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), regular exercise, and the number of daily insulin injections. Specifically, patients who engaged in SMBG were 5.39 times more likely to adhere to their insulin regimen, while those who exercised were 3.38 times more likely to do so compared to their non-exercising counterparts. Moreover, each additional daily insulin injection increased the odds of adherence by 63%. These results underscore the critical role of self-management practices in the effective management of T2DM and adherence to insulin therapy.
Conclusion
The low adherence rate to insulin therapy in Malaysia signifies a pressing public health challenge, suggesting a need for actionable strategies to enhance patient compliance. Emphasizing the importance of SMBG, physical exercise, and regular insulin administration can facilitate better management of T2DM. Healthcare providers, particularly primary care physicians, must play an integral role in educating patients about insulin therapy and its benefits, fostering a supportive environment that addresses patient concerns and barriers. Future interventions focused on improving adherence can significantly impact the overall health outcomes for T2DM patients in Malaysia and similar contexts.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main aim of the study on insulin therapy?
The study aimed to determine the proportion of adherence to insulin therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify factors associated with this adherence.
What was the adherence rate to insulin therapy found in the study?
The study found that the adherence rate to insulin therapy among the participants was very low, at only 8.4%, indicating a significant issue with compliance among patients with T2DM.
Which factors were associated with better adherence to insulin therapy?
Factors associated with better adherence included self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), regular exercise, and a higher number of daily insulin injections, all contributing to improved compliance.
What are the implications of the study's findings?
The findings highlight the urgent need for interventions to improve insulin adherence among patients, including education on diabetes management and the benefits of self-monitoring and exercise.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Insulin Adherence and Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Klang”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the research conducted to assess insulin therapy adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Malaysia. It emphasizes the importance of understanding patient behaviors regarding insulin adherence and the various factors influencing it, providing a basis for improving healthcare practices and patient outcomes.
2) Table:
Tables are used in the research to systematically present data, enabling readers to visualize and understand the results of the study. They summarize demographics, treatment-related variables, and adherence metrics, making it easier to compare findings and draw conclusions, facilitating data interpretation and analysis.
3) Disease:
Disease refers to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the context of the study. T2DM is a chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels, leading to serious health complications. Understanding this disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and promoting adherence among patients undergoing insulin therapy.
4) Blood:
Blood is significant in diabetes management, particularly in monitoring glucose levels. Blood tests, such as fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), are essential for assessing diabetes control. Effective management often relies on regular blood glucose monitoring and the patient's adherence to prescribed insulin therapy.
5) Education:
Education plays a vital role in patients' understanding of diabetes management, including the importance of insulin therapy adherence. Health literacy, training on insulin administration, and awareness of the disease are essential for patients to take control of their health and effectively manage their diabetes, leading to better outcomes.
6) Rules:
Rules in the context of this research refer to guidelines and recommendations for insulin therapy management by healthcare professionals. These rules help establish best practices for administering insulin, monitoring blood glucose, and evaluating adherence, ensuring that patients receive optimal care and support in managing their condition.
7) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the processes involved in assessing adherence to insulin therapy. Accurate measurement tools, such as questionnaires and clinical assessments, are necessary for understanding patient behaviors and compliance levels, which ultimately inform strategies to enhance adherence and improve patient health outcomes.
8) Quality:
Quality in this context pertains to the effectiveness of adherence measures and overall diabetes care. High-quality diabetes management ensures that patients achieve optimal blood sugar control while minimizing complications. Assessing medication adherence quality through validated tools is critical for developing strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
9) Sugar:
Sugar, specifically blood sugar, is a critical aspect of diabetes management. Maintaining optimal blood glucose levels is essential for patients with T2DM, and insulin therapy is often introduced to help achieve this. Monitoring sugar levels directly influences patients' health and their adherence to insulin therapy.
10) Pur:
Poor adherence to insulin therapy is a significant concern highlighted in the study. The low adherence rate observed among patients with T2DM indicates a need for targeted interventions to address the underlying causes of non-compliance, ultimately aiming to improve health outcomes and quality of life for these individuals.
11) Perception:
Perception pertains to how patients view insulin therapy and its role in diabetes management. Misconceptions or negative perceptions about insulin can lead to resistance against therapy, impacting adherence. Understanding patient perceptions is crucial for healthcare providers to tailor education and support, fostering a more positive attitude towards insulin use.
12) Attending:
Attending refers to patients' participation in healthcare services and adherence to medical appointments. Regular attendance to healthcare consultations is vital for effective diabetes management. It facilitates ongoing education, monitoring of health metrics, and adjustments to treatment plans, which collectively enhance insulin therapy adherence and patient outcomes.
13) Activity:
Activity refers to physical activity, which is an essential component of diabetes management. Regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control. Encouraging physical activity among patients complements insulin therapy, and the study found a significant association between exercise and adherence to insulin regimens.
14) Family:
Family support can significantly influence medication adherence in patients with T2DM. Family members can provide encouragement, help with self-monitoring, and assist in managing treatment routines. Incorporating family dynamics into care plans may enhance patients' adherence to insulin therapy and overall management of their diabetes.
15) Reason:
Reason refers to the various factors influencing patients' adherence to insulin therapy. Identifying the reasons behind poor adherence, such as fear of injections or lack of understanding of the therapy's importance, can help healthcare providers develop targeted interventions to improve adherence rates among T2DM patients.
16) Indian:
Indian refers to one of the major ethnic groups included in the study population. Understanding ethnic diversity is important for healthcare outcomes, as cultural beliefs and practices may influence patients' approaches to diabetes management, including perceptions of medical interventions like insulin therapy.
17) Death:
Death is an associated risk for individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. The risk of complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, increases with poor glycemic control, making adherence to therapies crucial. Understanding the health risks related to diabetes can motivate patients to adhere to prescribed insulin regimens and manage their condition effectively.
18) Visit:
Visit pertains to patient interactions with healthcare providers, which are critical for ongoing diabetes management. Regular visits allow for blood sugar monitoring, medication adjustments, and consistent educational interventions, all of which can enhance adherence to insulin therapy and overall health outcomes for patients with T2DM.
19) Fear:
Fear, particularly fear of injections, can obstruct patients' willingness to adhere to insulin therapy. Addressing and alleviating patients' fears through education and support is essential for improving adherence. Understanding patients' emotional responses can help healthcare providers develop strategies to improve insulin compliance.
20) Male:
Male refers to the gender demographic analyzed in the study. Understanding gender differences in treatment adherence can provide insights into specific barriers and facilitators for male patients with diabetes, allowing healthcare providers to tailor education and support to improve overall insulin adherence among male patients.
21) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the use of medications such as insulin in managing diabetes. Effective pharmacological management is essential for controlling blood sugar levels. The study focuses on understanding adherence to insulin therapy, highlighting the significance of pharmacological interventions in the overall diabetes care regimen.
22) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing indicates engagement in specific health behaviors, such as self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients. Regular SMBG is associated with better adherence to insulin therapy, emphasizing the importance of patients actively practicing recommended self-care measures to improve their diabetes management and treatment adherence.
23) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the therapeutic approaches, including insulin and other treatments available for managing diabetes. Understanding the role of medicine, particularly insulin therapy, in controlling blood sugar levels is crucial for patients with T2DM to make informed decisions about their health and adherence to treatment.
24) Teaching:
Teaching encompasses the educational aspects of diabetes management and adherence to therapy. Health professionals play a key role in educating patients about their condition, the importance of therapy adherence, and self-management practices, fostering better health outcomes and improving adherence to insulin regimens.
25) Meeting:
Meeting refers to interactions between healthcare providers and patients or meetings regarding treatment discussions. These meetings are opportunities for healthcare providers to assess adherence, address concerns, and make necessary adjustments to treatment plans, which can significantly impact insulin therapy adherence and management of diabetes.
26) Bharu:
Bharu refers to Kota Bharu, a district in Malaysia. The inclusion of specific geographic locations in studies allows for culturally tailored healthcare approaches. Understanding local demographic factors and health perceptions in different regions, including Kota Bharu, helps in implementing effective diabetes management interventions.
27) Stavi:
Stavi appears to be part of a citation in the study, possibly linked to related research concerning diabetes management. Recognizing authors and their contributions helps situate the study within existing literature, allowing for broader discussions regarding the challenges of insulin therapy adherence.
28) Kota:
Kota refers to the district of Kota Bharu where the study may be contextualized. Place-based factors, such as healthcare accessibility and local cultural perceptions of diabetes, can play critical roles in shaping patient experiences and compliance levels with insulin therapy.
29) Cani:
Cani is likely referencing the researcher involved in similar studies about diabetes management or insulin adherence. Their work contributes to the broader understanding of how various factors influence adherence and helps inform evidence-based practices in managing diabetes effectively.
30) Ter:
Ther likely refers to therapy or therapies in the context of diabetes management. It encompasses various treatment approaches, including insulin therapy, highlighting the importance of adherence to prescribed therapies in achieving optimal blood sugar control and preventing complications associated with T2DM.
31) Chan:
Chan likely references a researcher, reflecting contributions made in diabetes-related research. Recognizing their work helps situate the study within the broader medical and academic community, emphasizing the collaborative nature of efforts aimed at enhancing medication adherence and improving patient outcomes.
32) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical section of research articles where findings are interpreted, and implications are considered. In this context, it involves analyzing the results of the study on insulin adherence, comparing them with existing literature, and exploring ways to address identified barriers to treatment compliance.
33) Collecting:
Collecting pertains to the gathering of data for the study. Rigorous data collection is essential for accurate analysis and conclusions. Proper methods of collecting patient information on demographics, adherence, and health outcomes allow for comprehensive assessments and effective identification of factors impacting insulin therapy adherence.
34) Developing:
Developing refers to creating interventions or strategies aimed at improving insulin adherence among patients. Development processes are vital in healthcare to ensure that solutions are tailored to patient needs and that they effectively address barriers to adherence while fostering better diabetes management.
35) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the systematic approach taken in the study, grounded in research methodology and statistical analysis. A scientific approach ensures that findings are credible and that interpretations are based on empirical evidence, ultimately contributing to the body of knowledge surrounding diabetes management and therapy adherence.
36) Language:
Language is relevant in the context of the study as it pertains to communication between healthcare providers and patients. Ensuring that educational materials and interactions are conducted in a language understood by patients enhances their comprehension of diabetes management, thereby supporting adherence to treatment regimens.
37) Account:
Account refers to an explanation or justification that describes the factors influencing adherence to insulin therapy. Providing a comprehensive account of these factors helps healthcare providers identify barriers and develop tailored interventions, thereby improving adherence and overall health management in T2DM patients.
38) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities or characteristics of diabetes management and patient behaviors influencing adherence. Understanding the nature of these aspects can help develop effective strategies tailored to the unique needs and challenges faced by patients with T2DM in adhering to insulin therapy.
39) Medium:
Medium pertains to the methods or channels of communication and health education used to inform patients about diabetes management and insulin therapy. Choosing effective mediums is crucial for enhancing patient understanding, engagement, and ultimately improving adherence to prescribed treatment regimens.
40) Diet:
Diet is a key component of managing diabetes alongside medication adherence. Proper dietary practices can help maintain blood glucose levels, and understanding the role of diet in T2DM management is essential for promoting adherence to both lifestyle changes and insulin therapy, fostering better overall health.
41) Post:
Post generally relates to follow-up actions or outcomes after treatment initiation. In the context of the study, post could refer to the ongoing management strategies and adherence practices that need to continue after patients start insulin therapy, emphasizing the long-term commitment required for effective diabetes management.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Insulin Adherence and Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Klang’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
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Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.