Angklung, Silence Effects on Emotion, Cognition, and Oxytocin in Kids

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Effects of Playing Angklung and Practicing Silence on Emotion, Cognition and Oxytocin Levels in Children: A Preliminary Study
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Margarita M Maramis, Yunias Setiawati, Nining Febriyanti, Munawaroh Fitriah, Atika, Rasyid Salim, Budi Kristianto, Nyoman Sumiati, Vista Nurasti Pradanita, Elisabet Citra Dewi, Sheila Maryam Gautama, MY Safira Nugroho, Jakobus Gerick Pantouw


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Effects of Playing Angklung and Practicing Silence on Emotion, Cognition and Oxytocin Levels in Children: A Preliminary Study

Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.3.10

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

This study investigates the effects of playing angklung, a traditional Indonesian musical instrument, and practicing silence on the emotional well-being and cognitive functions of children, along with their influence on oxytocin levels. Previous research has highlighted the potential benefits of both activities on emotional regulation and cognitive skills, yet there is limited clinical and biomolecular evidence to support these claims. In this study, the researchers aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms that may connect these activities to changes in emotion, cognition, and hormonal responses, particularly focusing on oxytocin due to its known role in social behaviors.

Impact of Silence on Oxytocin Levels

Practicing silence over a period of two months showed statistically significant increases in oxytocin levels among participants, although there were no significant improvements in emotional and cognitive metrics when compared to the angklung intervention and control groups. The silence intervention, which involved daily sessions aimed at cultivating a calm state of mind, resulted in a marked increase in oxytocin levels, while the control group exhibited a decrease. Interestingly, while playing angklung did not yield significant changes in cognitive flexibility or emotional states, the findings suggest that engaging in silence can enhance well-being through hormonal modulation, highlighting the possible importance of regular silent practices for child development.

Conclusion

The study concludes that while practicing silence may beneficially affect oxytocin levels, neither silence nor playing angklung resulted in significant changes in cognitive function or emotional well-being over the intervention period. The results imply that further research is needed with extended duration and varied methodologies to better elucidate the relationship between these activities, emotional and cognitive outcomes, and biological markers like oxytocin. As this research area expands, understanding the dynamic interplay of music, silence, and hormonal responses may provide insights into fostering child development holistic approaches in educational settings.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of studying angklung and silence effects?

This study aims to examine the effects of playing angklung and practicing silence on human emotion, cognition, and oxytocin levels among children, providing insights into potential benefits for learning and emotional well-being.

What were the methods used in the study?

The study involved 61 fourth-grade students divided into three groups: angklung intervention, silence intervention, and a control group over two months. Various clinical parameters like emotion, cognition, and oxytocin levels were measured before and after the interventions.

What were the key findings regarding oxytocin levels?

Saliva oxytocin levels significantly increased in the silence intervention group compared to the control group. However, changes in cognitive functions and emotional states were not statistically significant for either intervention, indicating more investigation is needed.

How did the study assess cognitive and emotional parameters?

Cognitive functions were assessed using the trail making tests and the Wisconsin card sorting test. Emotional parameters were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) to evaluate the students' emotional states pre- and post-intervention.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Angklung, Silence Effects on Emotion, Cognition, and Oxytocin in Kids”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
In scientific literature, tables are crucial for organizing data succinctly, enabling readers to quickly understand research findings. They display numerical information, group comparisons, and statistical tests, aiding in the analysis of relationships between variables. In this context, tables provide empirical evidence and help clarify the results of complex studies.

2) Pana:
This term might reference a specific cultural or contextual concept within the study. Its relevance could pertain to cultural elements that influence emotion, cognition, and musical practices. In the context of the study, understanding 'Pana' may help researchers interpret how local cultural practices affect emotional and cognitive outcomes.

3) Study (Studying):
Studies are fundamental in scientific inquiry, serving as structured investigations into hypotheses. They collect and analyze data to determine relationships or effects, contributing to knowledge in a specific field. This study, focusing on the effects of playing angklung and practicing silence, expands understanding of emotion, cognition, and neuroscience.

4) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing involves the repetition of an activity to improve skill and understanding, especially important in cognitive and emotional development. In this research, practicing silence or playing the angklung represents methods to enhance children's emotional states and cognitive functions, illustrating the benefits of structured engagement in activities.

5) Mud:
Mood refers to a persistent emotional state that can significantly influence cognitive processes and behaviors. In this study, the assessment of mood is essential for understanding how interventions like angklung playing or silence can shift emotional states, affecting students’ overall psychological well-being. Mood affects learning outcomes and social interactions.

6) Learning:
Learning is a dynamic process through which individuals acquire knowledge and skills, influenced by emotional and cognitive processes. This study's interventions aim to enhance learning outcomes in children by understanding how music and silence impact cognitive functions and emotional regulation, thus fostering better educational experiences.

7) Music:
Music is a powerful form of expression that affects emotional and cognitive processes. In this study, playing the angklung represents musical engagement that may enhance students' creativity, social skills, and emotional regulation. Music therapy is recognized for its therapeutic effects on mood and cognitive development.

8) Training:
Training refers to structured practice designed to develop skills or enhance knowledge. In the context of this study, training in musical instruments or silence can lead to improvements in emotional health and cognitive flexibility among children. Such training requires consistency and reinforcement to observe beneficial outcomes.

9) Life:
Life encompasses the emotional, cognitive, and social experiences of individuals. Understanding how interventions like music and silence impact life quality is vital, as these practices may enhance well-being and resilience in children. Moreover, life experiences shape emotional responses and cognitive development, demonstrating interconnectedness of these factors.

10) Activity:
Activity signifies an engagement that requires physical or cognitive effort. In this research, the activities of playing angklung and practicing silence create environments that potentially enhance emotional wellbeing and cognitive functions in children. Regular participation in beneficial activities can promote healthy development and social skills.

11) Pada:
This Indonesian word means 'on' or 'at', often used in various contexts. In the study, it might relate to specific aspects of the subjects' experiences or interventions. Understanding its usage can shed light on how cultural nuances shape children's emotional and cognitive development.

12) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a state of excessive worry or fear that can impair cognitive functions and emotional stability. In the context of this study, exploring how music and silence interventions can alleviate anxiety in children is crucial. Such findings could inform psychological practices aimed at improving children's emotional regulation.

13) Performance:
Performance relates to how well an individual executes a task, influenced by emotional and cognitive states. In this study, performance might refer to cognitive tasks conducted by children before and after interventions, indicating the effectiveness of music or silence on improving attention and cognitive flexibility.

14) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the systematic process of obtaining quantitative or qualitative data. In the study, measurement of emotional and cognitive parameters is essential to validate the effectiveness of interventions on students’ wellbeing. Proper measurement techniques ensure accurate results and conclusions that contribute to the field of educational psychology.

15) Listening:
Listening is an active process that entails understanding and interpreting auditory information. In the context of music, listening to tunes played on the angklung may enhance emotional awareness and foster social bonding. Active listening can also promote mindfulness, leading to improvements in cognitive processes and emotion regulation.

16) Pramana:
This term could refer to a specific individual or concept relevant to the research context. It may represent a researcher, a particular study, or a cultural reference that reflects cognitive or emotional aspects associated with studying music and silence in Indonesian contexts, enhancing understanding of local practices.

17) Cancer:
Cancer, as a serious health condition, significantly affects emotional health and cognitive function in individuals. Understanding the role of interventions like music therapy in cancer patients reveals potential therapeutic benefits in reducing anxiety and improving emotional states. The findings may suggest broader implications for similar treatment strategies.

18) Post:
Post refers to a situation occurring after an intervention or event. In this study, post-intervention assessments of mood and cognitive functions are crucial to understand the lasting effects of playing angklung or practicing silence. These evaluations help determine the success and impact of the provided interventions.

19) Reliability:
Reliability refers to the consistency and dependability of a measurement over time. In research, reliable results are essential for drawing valid conclusions. This study must demonstrate reliability in its assessment tools to ensure that findings regarding emotional and cognitive changes in participants are trustworthy and replicable.

20) Meditation:
Meditation is a practice that fosters mindfulness, enhancing emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility. In the context of the study, exploring similarities between practicing silence and meditation highlights how both techniques may support improved emotional health and cognitive functions among children, providing insights into effective interventions.

21) Education:
Education plays a critical role in shaping cognitive and emotional capacities in individuals. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating musical activities and forms of silence in educational contexts to enhance emotional well-being and cognitive flexibility, thus contributing to holistic child development.

22) Rules:
Rules pertain to the guidelines and structures that govern behavior within specific contexts. In educational settings, rules help create an orderly environment conducive to learning. Understanding the rules surrounding music participation or silence can help refine approaches to achieve desired emotional and cognitive outcomes.

23) Java:
Java, an Indonesian island, is a rich cultural context where traditional music like angklung originates. The island's cultural practices influence emotional expression and cognitive development. This study highlights how culturally relevant interventions can be tailored to enhance children's learning experiences rooted in their local traditions.

24) Language:
Language is a fundamental communication tool that shapes thought processes and emotional expression. In a study focused on children, understanding how language affects the comprehension of feelings and the descriptions of interventions illustrates the importance of clear communication in educational and psychological contexts, fostering improved outcomes.

25) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standard of experience or product being measured. In this study, quality of life for children may be a focal point regarding emotional and cognitive interventions. Assessing quality ensures the effectiveness of programs intended to improve students' overall well-being and their educational experiences.

26) Science (Scientific):
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge. In relation to this study, scientific methods validate the effectiveness of interventions focusing on music and silence. Rigorous scientific inquiry underpins claims about emotional and cognitive improvements, impacting curriculum design and pedagogical approaches.

27) Potter:
This term may refer to an individual tied to the topic, creating an intersection of psychology and creativity. Understanding the influence of personalities like Potter could enrich perspectives on how artistic engagement in educational settings can reshape emotional and cognitive development processes among children.

28) Animal:
Animal studies provide insights into biological and behavioral processes that may parallel human development. Understanding oxytocin's role through animal research can inform how social bonding and emotional regulation mechanisms operate, possibly influencing children's emotional and cognitive interventions referenced in the study.

29) Spider:
Spider typically denotes a specific type of animal. Within psychological research contexts, animal models, such as those involving spiders, may illuminate anxiety responses and fear mechanisms. This perspective helps inform the study about emotional responses related to cognitive functions in children.

30) Indian:
This term indicates cultural heritage and may relate to the specific contexts of the research, especially pertinent to traditional practices and local beliefs regarding music and silence interventions. Recognizing Indian influences aids in understanding the diverse emotional and cognitive implications in educational settings.

31) Gold (Golden):
Golden can refer to concepts associated with value, possibly those related to the therapeutic outcomes derived from interventions. In the study, recognizing which 'golden' practices lead to enhanced emotional and cognitive functioning allows for the expansion of effective educational strategies.

32) Sima (Shima):
Shima could refer to an individual associated with the concepts discussed in the study or represent cultural elements significant to the research context. Understanding the implications of Shima can deepen the exploration of how particular figures influence children's emotional and cognitive development.

33) Kohli:
Kohli may represent an individual relevant to the discussed interventions or may refer to research findings associated with cognitive or emotional impacts in psychological studies. The inclusion of acknowledged figures can provide context and enhance the study's credibility in its findings.

34) Shari (Sari):
Sari might denote a cultural aspect, possibly important in the musical practices or emotional expressions explored within the study. Recognizing cultural symbols like Sari can aid researchers in engaging more effectively with the emotional and cognitive contexts of their subjects.

35) Ter:
This could be an abbreviation or shorthand for various terms and should be contextualized. Clarifying the relevance of 'Ther' in the study is critical for understanding the nuances involved in the cognitive or emotional analysis being investigated.

36) Male:
The term male references gender, which may be relevant in understanding differences in emotional expression and cognitive functions based on gender. In this study, analyzing how male participants respond to musical and silent practices could yield insights into gender-specific educational strategies.

37) Calculation:
Calculation involves determining numbers and measurements that quantify aspects of research data. In studies such as this one, calculations help analyze the effects of interventions and process results, ensuring that findings regarding emotional and cognitive influences are reliably interpreted.

38) Unconscious:
Unconscious relates to mental processes that occur without conscious awareness, which may affect emotional responses and cognition. Recognizing unconscious dynamics is vital in understanding how music and silence interventions could surface latent emotional or cognitive changes among participants.

39) Perception:
Perception is the process of interpreting sensory information, which influences how individuals experience emotions and cognitive challenges. In this study, understanding perception regarding music and silence can highlight how students respond to these activities, adjusting emotional and cognitive outcomes.

40) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the examination of findings and implications of research results. In academic studies, a thorough discussion helps contextualize the data, drawing broader conclusions that can inform future research directions and practical applications regarding emotional and cognitive interventions.

41) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding acquired through experience, education, and research. In this study, enhancing knowledge of the effects of music and silence on children can foster improved educational practices focused on emotional and cognitive development, informing curriculum and interventions across various contexts.

42) Resolving:
Resolving pertains to the ability to address problems or conflicts effectively. In the study context, understanding how children resolve emotional or cognitive challenges through music and silence can inform educational strategies aimed at enhancing students' problem-solving skills and emotional intelligence.

43) Teaching:
Teaching is the process of imparting knowledge and skills to others, critically influencing cognitive and emotional development. In this study, examining how different teaching methods, like music or silence, impact student emotional regulation can enhance educational effectiveness and inform teacher training practices.

44) Relative:
Relative refers to the connection between concepts, often describing how one concept affects or interacts with another. Understanding relative dynamics in emotional and cognitive contexts helps clarify how interventions like music and silence influence students' lives and interactions.

45) Species:
Species refers to distinct biological classifications that can help inform research about variability in emotional and cognitive responses. Understanding species differences in emotional processing can enrich insights about human participants in educational settings, especially how variations may reflect broader biological and psychological principles.

46) Company:
Company often denotes an organization or group. In educational psychology, company can affect social dynamics among peers, influencing emotional and cognitive experiences. This study can explore how peer company during musical activities enhances or detracts from cognitive and emotional benefits.

47) Blood:
Blood is vital for measuring physiological responses linked to emotional states and cognitive functions, such as cortisol levels. In the context of this study, examining how interventions affect blood markers like oxytocin can help clarify connections between biological and psychological outcomes in children.

48) Anger (Angry):
Anger is a powerful emotional response that can significantly affect cognitive performance and social interactions. Understanding how interventions aimed at emotional regulation can help manage anger among children can inform effective educational strategies to promote better emotional health.

49) Flag:
Flag might refer to childhood activities or symbolize achievement or participation, influencing group dynamics and emotional states. Recognizing the role of flags in school settings helps contextualize the social and emotional atmospheres during interventions like music or silence practice.

50) Fear:
Fear is a fundamental emotion linked to anxiety and stress responses. Investigating how music and silence can alleviate fear in children enhances understanding of emotional regulation methods. Such insights can promote healthier psychological states and fortify educational practices to address fears in various situations.

51) Sign:
Sign denotes symbols or markers that convey meaning, important for interpreting emotional states or cognitive performance. In the study, recognizing significant changes in participants' emotional or cognitive outcomes helps validate the effectiveness of the interventions explored, providing clearer guidelines for future research applications.

52) Milk:
Milk is associated with nurturing and care, often linked to oxytocin's role in maternal behaviors. Understanding how nurturing behaviors impact cognitive and emotional development in children may provide deeper insights into how experiences of care influence emotional health and cognitive functionality.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Angklung, Silence Effects on Emotion, Cognition, and Oxytocin in Kids’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

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Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.

Music, Happiness, Fear, Study, Learning, Memory, Emotion, Disgust, Sadness, Student, Teacher, Intelligence, Childbirth, Mental processes, Silence, Parent, Social being, Surprise.

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