Nutrition Recommendations to Combat COVID-19: A Scoping Review

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Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Analysis of Available Nutrition Recommendations to Combat COVID-19: A Scoping Review
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Jayvikramjit Singh Manjit Singh, Munawara Pardi, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Ruhaya Salleh


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Analysis of Available Nutrition Recommendations to Combat COVID-19: A Scoping Review

Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.3.3

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a profound impact on global health, significantly affecting public behaviors and well-being. The rapid dissemination of misinformation regarding the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 has resulted in widespread panic and confusion. This study primarily aims to collate and analyze valid information on food and nutrition that pertains to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. A scoping review methodology was adopted, which, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, allowed for systematic categorization of the literature regarding nutritional recommendations.

Supplementation and Healthy Eating: The Best Approach

Among the various insights gained from the scoping review, one critical takeaway is that no specific food or supplement can cure or prevent COVID-19. Instead, a well-balanced diet including fruits, vegetables, and adequate hydration is crucial for strengthening the immune system. Dietary supplements, particularly of vitamin C and D, were discussed extensively, noting that while some studies suggest their potential benefits in boosting immune function, conclusive evidence regarding their effectiveness against COVID-19 is lacking. The research highlights the importance of maintaining healthy eating habits, especially during the pandemic, as practitioners encourage individuals to adopt a nutritionally sound diet rather than relying on unproven remedies or exaggerated health claims.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this scoping review reinforces the notion that fostering good nutrition and healthy dietary practices is vital in the fight against COVID-19. Despite the numerous claims surrounding specific foods and supplements, a balanced diet remains the best recommendation during the pandemic. Health authorities are urged to disseminate accurate, evidence-based nutrition information to counter misinformation and support public health measures. The ongoing research must prioritize verifying the efficacy of nutritional interventions while emphasizing the importance of holistic health strategies, such as exercise and stress management, to help the public navigate the challenges posed by COVID-19.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the role of nutrition in preventing COVID-19?

Nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Consuming a balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and essential nutrients can help support immune function and overall health, which may reduce susceptibility to infections.

Are there specific foods that can cure COVID-19?

There is no specific food or supplement that can cure COVID-19. Healthy eating habits contribute to overall well-being, but no miracle food has been proven to prevent or treat the virus. It’s essential to rely on scientifically-backed methods and guidelines.

What vitamins are important during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Vitamins C and D, along with minerals like zinc and selenium, are crucial for immune function. These micronutrients can help support the body's defense mechanisms, although they are not a cure for COVID-19. Consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

What should I do if I encounter nutrition myths about COVID-19?

Be cautious of nutrition myths and misinformation related to COVID-19. Rely on credible sources such as health organizations or professionals for accurate information. It is important to promote evidence-based nutrition practices and correct any misconceptions.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Nutrition Recommendations to Combat COVID-19: A Scoping Review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Food:
Food refers to any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism. In the context of the pandemic, the role of food has been emphasized as a critical factor for maintaining immune health and preventing malnutrition, particularly amidst misinformation surrounding dietary practices related to COVID-19.

2) Disease:
Disease signifies a pathological condition of a living organism, often characterized by specific symptoms. During the COVID-19 pandemic, diseases related to the virus have drawn attention, prompting studies on nutritional interventions to either prevent infection or alleviate symptoms associated with the illness.

3) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the act of examining or researching a particular subject. In this context, the numerous studies regarding nutrition and COVID-19 highlight the importance of evidence-based approaches to combat misinformation, as well as to identify effective dietary regimes for enhancing immunity during the pandemic.

4) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness and injury. Discussions around medical nutrition therapy during COVID-19 underline the synergy between nutrition and medicine, reinforcing how dietary practices can support health alongside traditional medical treatments.

5) Table:
Table signifies an organized representation of data. In the context of this review, various tables present findings from multiple studies concerning nutrition recommendations, providing a clear overview of interventions assessed for their efficacy in preventing or managing COVID-19 symptoms.

6) Cina:
China has been prominent in the context of COVID-19 as the origin of the outbreak. The country has utilized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a potential treatment strategy, leading to an increased interest in how cultural practices influence medical approaches during health crises.

7) Water:
Water is essential for hydration and overall bodily function. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hydration is emphasized for maintaining health, yet misconceptions regarding its role in preventing viral infections have circulated. Scientific guidance stresses that proper hydration supports immune function without being a direct preventive measure against diseases.

8) Viru:
The word 'viru’ seems to be a truncated reference to 'virus.' A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that cannot replicate without a host. Understanding how viruses like SARS-CoV-2 transmit and affect humans is crucial for developing public health strategies and informing nutritional practices that may bolster immune defenses.

9) Neem:
Neem refers to a tree known for its medicinal properties, particularly in traditional practices. Some claims have emerged stating that neem can help prevent or cure COVID-19 due to its anti-inflammatory effects, yet these assertions lack robust scientific backing, warranting caution among consumers.

10) Diet:
Diet signifies the habitual intake of food and beverages. During the pandemic, maintaining a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients has been crucial for individuals to support their immune systems and overall health amidst disruptions in food supply, highlighting the need for informed dietary choices.

11) Garlic:
Garlic is often lauded for its health benefits, including potential antibacterial and antiviral properties. Claims have proliferated that garlic can combat COVID-19, but evidence remains insufficient to substantiate these claims, necessitating an emphasis on a balanced diet rather than relying on singular food items for protection.

12) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used for medical treatment. Discussions around COVID-19 treatments have encompassed various drugs, yet the emphasis on nutrition reveals an evolving understanding of how dietary choices can complement pharmaceutical interventions in managing health during pandemics.

13) Turmeric:
Turmeric, a spice known for its active compound curcumin, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Amidst claims about its effectiveness against COVID-19, a nuanced approach is necessary, as current evidence does not support its use as a cure or preventive measure for the virus.

14) Bile:
Bile usually refers to a digestive fluid produced by the liver. In the context of COVID-19, some anecdotal claims have emerged suggesting bile's potential roles in treating the disease; however, scientific validation is needed, as such claims often derive from traditional practices rather than empirical research.

15) Fight:
Fight signifies the active effort to combat illness or disease. In discussions about COVID-19, the term often pertains to efforts aimed at preventing infection or managing symptoms through both medical advancements and lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and healthy practices to bolster immunity.

16) Coconut (Cocoanut):
Coconut and derived products, like coconut oil, are frequently praised for their health benefits. However, claims suggesting that coconut oil can directly fight COVID-19 have emerged, highlighting the necessity for scientific scrutiny, as many health claims require empirical evidence to validate their effectiveness.

17) Mineral:
Minerals are essential nutrients that play various critical roles in the body, including supporting immune function. In the context of COVID-19, there is considerable attention on how deficiencies in certain minerals can impact susceptibility to infections, prompting discussions around supplementation as a preventive strategy.

18) Animal:
Animal references both the general category of living organisms and specific instances where animal-derived products may be discussed concerning nutrition. With the pandemic, there have been discussions around zoonotic diseases, as well as dietary sources derived from animals that can impact human health.

19) Cancer:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The intersection of COVID-19 and cancer has raised concerns regarding immunocompromised individuals, highlighting the importance of nutrition in supporting overall health, especially for those undergoing treatment or with existing health conditions during the pandemic.

20) Indian:
Indian refers to aspects associated with the country of India. Various traditional remedies and dietary practices of Indian culture have come to light during the pandemic, including the use of specific herbs and spices believed to support immunity, prompting interest in their efficacy amidst the global health crisis.

21) India:
India, as a country heavily impacted by COVID-19, has seen a surge in both cases and discussions centered around public health measures and traditional practices aimed at enhancing wellness. The intersection of culture, dietary habits, and medicine has become increasingly relevant in addressing health concerns.

22) Silver:
Silver is known for its antimicrobial properties, with claims suggesting that it can aid health. In the context of treating COVID-19, the use of silver is controversial and requires careful examination, as unsupported claims could lead to misinformation regarding effective preventive measures against the virus.

23) Death:
Death signifies the end of life and is a significant outcome associated with severe diseases, including COVID-19. Understanding mortality rates and associated factors has prompted discussions in public health realms, emphasizing preventative measures, including nutritional strategies that may potentially reduce severe outcomes.

24) Dish (Dis):
Dish typically refers to a specific culinary preparation. In the context of nutrition discourse surrounding COVID-19, discussions may arise regarding traditional dishes purported to bolster health, though claims about food's direct efficacy against the virus need supportive scientific evidence to guide public belief.

25) Chan:
Chan is likely a reference to a specific author or researcher whose work is influential in the discussions on COVID-19 treatments or nutrition. Recognizing contributions from researchers can help in understanding the evolution of recommendations and practices proposed in pandemic contexts.

26) Bitter gourd:
Bitter gourd, known for its various health benefits, has been discussed in the context of traditional remedies. While some claim it can support immune function against COVID-19, robust clinical evidence is required to ensure such claims don't mislead public health practices.

27) Human body:
The human body is a complex biological entity that requires various nutrients for optimal function. In discussions on COVID-19, understanding how body systems interact with nutritional inputs has become crucial for devising adequate dietary strategies to maintain health and resilience against viral infections.

28) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that inhibit bacterial growth. The importance of antibacterial properties has gained attention in discussions about nutritional practices, particularly when considering dietary choices that enhance immunity amidst rising concerns about infectious diseases like COVID-19.

29) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are phytonutrients associated with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the context of COVID-19 discussions, the potential role of flavonoids in supporting immune function highlights the relevance of fruits and vegetables in dietary strategies for health.

30) Epidemic:
An epidemic describes a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease within a community. In relation to COVID-19, understanding its classification as a global pandemic has spurred heightened interest in prevention strategies, including nutrition recommendations aimed at reducing susceptibility to the disease.

31) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene encompasses practices that promote health by maintaining cleanliness. In the context of the pandemic, good hygiene practices have become paramount in preventing the spread of COVID-19, emphasizing its importance alongside nutritional approaches to support overall health and immunity.

32) Bitter:
Bitter generally describes a category of tastes associated with certain foods and herbs known for their health benefits. In discussions around nutrition, bitter foods are sometimes associated with medicinal properties; however, the misconception that they can cure diseases like COVID-19 needs clarification based on scientific evidence.

33) Gupta:
Gupta likely references a specific researcher or study contributing to the discourse surrounding nutrition and COVID-19. Acknowledging various contributors in medical research enriches the understanding of dietary interventions recommended for enhancing health during the pandemic.

34) Sugar:
Sugar, while a common dietary component, has gained scrutiny in health discussions, especially regarding its effects on the immune system. As pandemic-related dietary behavior shifts occur, understanding the implications of sugar intake on immunity against infections like COVID-19 is critical.

35) Field:
Field refers to a specific domain of study or research. The discussions around nutrition and COVID-19 have highlighted the necessity for cross-disciplinary collaboration within the broader field of health research, where evidence-based nutrition is vital for managing public health crises.

36) Rich (Rch):
Rich signifies an abundance of certain nutrients or properties. In the context of nutrition, having a diet rich in vitamins and minerals is crucial, particularly during the pandemic, as it may fortify the body’s defenses against illness and contribute to overall well-being.

37) Channel:
Channel can refer to means of communication. In the context of health, reliable channels for disseminating information regarding nutrition and COVID-19 are essential to combat misinformation and promote scientifically-backed dietary practices that enhance public health responsiveness during crises.

38) Chang:
Chang is likely a reference to an academic or researcher whose work contributes to the discourse on nutrition and COVID-19. The influence of different authors highlights the variety of perspectives that inform dietary recommendations and approaches to public health during this pandemic.

39) Shari (Sari):
Sari, primarily a term associated with traditional attire, may also evoke discussions of cultural practices, including dietary choices in various communities. Understanding how traditional practices impact health has become key amidst the global dialogue on managing the COVID-19 pandemic.

40) Fish:
Fish is a common source of protein that can contribute beneficial nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids. Its role in discussions about nutrition and health during the COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes the need for balanced diets that support immune function while addressing emerging health concerns.

41) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drugs and their effects on the body. In the context of COVID-19, integrating pharmacological insights with nutrition can enhance understanding around treatment modalities, where both dietary components and medications work in tandem to support health.

42) Transmission:
Transmission signifies the process through which an infectious disease is spread. Understanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is vital for developing prevention strategies, including how nutritional status may influence susceptibility and the body’s ability to fight infections.

43) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of nutrients. During this pandemic, awareness of malnutrition's potential impact on susceptibility to COVID-19 and overall health has emphasized the importance of adequate nutrition in public health discussions.

44) Discussion:
Discussion involves analyzing various perspectives on a topic. In the context of COVID-19, discussions focusing on nutrition are essential to address misinformation, enhance understanding of dietary roles in health, and inform public health guidelines to mitigate the effects of the pandemic.

45) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing is the act of actively engaging in a discipline or activity. Practicing healthy eating habits has gained significance during the pandemic, indicating that consistent adherence to nutritious dietary practices can mitigate risks associated with COVID-19 and enhance overall health.

46) Education:
Education refers to the process of imparting knowledge. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health education has become crucial, ensuring individuals have access to accurate information regarding dietary practices that support wellness while combating the surge of misinformation.

47) Toxicity:
Toxicity denotes the degree to which a substance can harm humans. Discussions around toxicity in the context of supplements and unproven remedies for COVID-19 stress the need for evidence-based guidance to avoid adverse health outcomes related to misguided belief in certain foods or supplements.

48) Relative:
Relative refers to the connection between different concepts or subjects. In the discussions surrounding nutrition and COVID-19, the relative importance of various nutrients in supporting immune function is being examined to establish clear recommendations for the public.

49) Zhejiang:
Zhejiang may refer to a region in China known for its response to COVID-19. The strategies employed in Zhejiang can provide insights into how local health policies and practices inform the development of effective nutritional interventions during public health crises.

50) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to practices or principles grounded in systematic methodologies and evidence. Discussing nutrition within a scientific framework during the COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes relying on data-driven insights to inform dietary practices that aim to enhance health outcomes and combat misinformation.

51) Lahore:
Lahore may reference a geographical location linked to the broader conversation about public health responses. Understanding local perspectives in Lahore on dietary practices can illustrate the diverse approaches communities take to health and nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

52) Panama:
Panama may refer to contexts in discussions about how different countries respond to health crises. The approaches to public health in Panama, particularly surrounding nutrition, can provide valuable lessons for other nations grappling with similar challenges during the pandemic.

53) Family:
Family refers to a fundamental social unit that plays a crucial role in shaping dietary habits and health practices. The focus on family during the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the importance of collective responsibility in adhering to health guidelines, including nutrition and wellness.

54) Nausea:
Nausea is a symptom indicating potential underlying health issues, often linked to infections. Potential COVID-19 presentations may include nausea, making discussions about nutritional support crucial for individuals managing symptoms alongside the overall discourse surrounding the pandemic.

55) Repair:
Repair refers to the restoration of health or the body's functions following illness. In the context of COVID-19, nutrition plays a pivotal role in aiding recovery and repair processes, emphasizing the importance of dietary practices in post-illness recovery plans.

56) Medium:
Medium can refer to the level at which something is conducted. In nutritional discussions, the medium through which health information is conveyed and the foods consumed can significantly impact public health responses during the pandemic, necessitating clarity and intention in practices and messaging.

57) Patra:
Patra likely refers to a researcher or author contributing to the literature on nutrition and COVID-19. Recognizing key figures in the field helps trace the development of scientific inquiry and dietary recommendations as public health responses evolve.

58) Mishra (Misra):
Misra may denote a researcher or practitioner whose work is pertinent to the nutritional discourse related to COVID-19. Contributions from various authors enrich understandings of dietary approaches that can help mitigate health risks during the pandemic.

59) Storm:
Storm can metaphorically represent crises, including health crises like COVID-19. The discussions surrounding the 'storm' of misinformation regarding dietary practices necessitate clear and consistent communication to navigate challenges posed by overwhelming amounts of unverified health claims.

60) Rules:
Rules signify guidelines and regulations that govern behavior or practices. In the context of managing health during COVID-19, the establishment of rules surrounding nutrition and hygiene practices are vital to mitigate the spread of the virus and promote public health.

61) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of many infections, including COVID-19. Understanding its implications within the context of nutrient absorption and dietary practices can provide insights into how individuals should adjust their nutrition to support immune function during illness.

62) Maci:
Machi may refer to a specific person or cultural context, influencing dietary practices or beliefs. Understanding local interpretations of health guidance in light of COVID-19 can illuminate how cultural narratives shape public health responses and dietary recommendations.

63) Shang:
Shang likely relates to a researcher or practitioner whose insights into nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic are valuable. The inclusion of multiple voices adds depth to the understanding of dietary interventions and their potential roles in combating the virus.

64) Lepa:
Lepa may refer to traditional remedies or cultural practices within specific communities, relating to discussions about health during the pandemic. Contextualizing such practices enhances understanding of how cultural beliefs influence dietary choices related to wellness.

65) Pula:
Pula, in this context, can refer to a cultural presentation or dietary belief. Analyzing its relevance during discussions about nutrition and health amid COVID-19 helps establish links between tradition and contemporary health strategies used during the pandemic.

66) Bisa (Bisha):
Bisa may refer to assertions of capability in health contexts. Examining the claims surrounding certain foods or supplements, such as the extent they can combat infections like COVID-19, underscores the need for scientific validation and public health education.

67) Hand:
Hand signifies a body part often associated with hygiene practices. During the COVID-19 pandemic, handwashing has become a crucial practice in preventing disease transmission, linking physical actions to broader public health messages surrounding safety and health.

68) Salt (Salty):
Salt, while essential in moderation, poses health risks when consumed excessively. Amidst discussions on COVID-19, the implications of dietary salt intake regarding hypertension and overall health become particularly relevant, emphasizing the need for balanced dietary habits.

69) Post:
Post can denote the aftermath of an event or situation. In discussions relating to COVID-19, appreciating the societal, psychological, and health impacts thereafter informs suitable strategies, including nutrition-based approaches to support recovery and resilience in affected populations.

70) Ter:
Ther possibly signifies a connotation related to therapy or therapeutic measures. In nutrition discussions during the COVID-19 pandemic, the affirmation of dietary patterns as therapeutic tools advocates for their recognition as vital components of overall health management.

71) Sho (So):
Shao likely references an individual contributing insights into nutritional practices regarding COVID-19. Such contributions help shape the conversation around evidence-based recommendations informed by scientific study and cultural context, enriching the discourse on dietary health during the pandemic.

72) Life:
Life encompasses the biological existence and experiences of organisms. Discussions around life during the pandemic highlight the importance of health and nutrition in sustaining individuals' well-being, particularly in navigating challenges presented by viral outbreaks like COVID-19.

73) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, is recognized for its medicinal properties. Amidst discussions related to COVID-19, ginger is often highlighted for its potential anti-inflammatory effects, yet the necessity for evidence supporting its efficacy in preventing or managing the virus is paramount.

74) Curcuma longa:
Curcuma longa, known as turmeric, is a spice famed for its anti-inflammatory benefits. Evaluating turmeric's role regarding COVID-19 espouses a nuanced understanding of traditional and contemporary relations to health, although empirical validation of its efficacy against the virus is still warranted.

75) Mental health:
Mental health has gained significant attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the importance of emotional well-being amidst crises. Nutritional habits are linked to mental health, suggesting that maintaining a balanced diet can play a role in fostering resilience against psychological impacts of the pandemic.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 104]

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