Measles Analysis in Larut, Matang, and Selama, Perak, Malaysia
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Analysis and Factors Associated with Measles in Larut, Matang and Selama Districts, Perak, Malaysia
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:
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Asraf Ahmad Qamruddin, Reza Qamruddin, Ayu Malik
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Analysis and Factors Associated with Measles in Larut, Matang and Selama Districts, Perak, Malaysia
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.13
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the Morbillivirus, which poses significant health risks, particularly to children and immunocompromised individuals. Its transmission occurs via respiratory droplets, and symptomatic manifestations include high fever, cough, and a distinctive rash. Although historically considered self-limiting, measles can lead to severe complications, with a noteworthy mortality rate in developing countries. The introduction of widespread vaccination has dramatically reduced the incidence of measles-related deaths globally, but outbreaks continue to occur, driven by pockets of unvaccinated individuals and varying vaccination rates.
Increased Incidence of Measles Cases
A recent study aimed to determine the incidence rate of measles and associated factors for confirmed cases in Larut, Matang, and Selama districts in Malaysia from 2015 to 2019. The findings revealed a concerning trend: the incidence of suspected measles cases increased over the study period, peaking significantly in 2017, with laboratory-confirmed cases showing similar fluctuations. Notably, cases fulfilling the clinical definition of measles (fever, rash, and cough/coryza/conjunctivitis) were found to be more likely confirmed via laboratory testing. Importantly, a history of measles vaccination was identified as a protective factor against confirmed cases, highlighting the vital role of immunization in controlling outbreaks.
Conclusion
The study underscores the importance of continued vigilance and promotion of measles vaccination to mitigate rising incidence rates. As evidenced by the data, targeted investigations of suspected cases, particularly those that meet clinical criteria, could enhance diagnosis and management. Programs focused on improving vaccination uptake among communities are crucial in preventing future outbreaks and ensuring herd immunity, ultimately progressing towards the goal of measles elimination.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the objective of the measles study?
The study aimed to determine the incidence rate of measles and identify associated factors with confirmed cases in Larut, Matang, and Selama districts from 2015 to 2019.
What method was used to analyze measles cases?
A cross-sectional analysis was employed, examining all suspected and laboratory-confirmed measles cases reported from 2015 to 2019, utilizing multiple logistic regression analysis for determining associated factors.
What were the main results regarding measles incidence rates?
The incidence rate of suspected measles cases increased from 2015 to 2019, with laboratory-confirmed cases peaking in 2017 at 36.11 per million, followed by fluctuations in subsequent years.
What conclusion did the study draw about immunization?
The study concluded that vaccination is an effective measure to prevent measles incidence, emphasizing the need for promotion to enhance vaccination coverage and eliminate the disease.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Measles Analysis in Larut, Matang, and Selama, Perak, Malaysia”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
The term 'Disease' refers to a pathological condition that affects a living organism, characterized by a specific set of symptoms. In the context of the study, measles as a highly contagious infectious disease is examined for its incidence, complications, and vaccination influence, highlighting public health implications.
2) Table:
The word 'Table' serves as an important organizational tool in research and data presentation, allowing for the systematic arrangement of information. It facilitates the comparison of characteristics of reported cases, such as age, gender, and immunization status, in the context of measles outbreaks.
3) Study (Studying):
The word 'Study' indicates an organized examination or analysis conducted to understand a specific phenomenon. In this context, it pertains to the assessment of measles incidence and factors affecting confirmed cases, contributing to insights on disease trends, prevention strategies, and public health policy.
4) Viru:
In the context of this document, 'Viru' is likely a typographical error for 'virus', which refers to the infectious agent responsible for measles. Viruses are crucial to understanding disease etiology, transmission dynamics, and implications for vaccination efforts in combating infectious diseases like measles.
5) Fever:
'Fever' is a common symptom associated with measles and many other illnesses. It represents the body's natural response to infection, playing a critical role in the identification and diagnosis of diseases. Recognizing fever as part of the measles clinical case definition helps in effective surveillance and response.
6) Ras (Rash):
'Rash' is a hallmark symptom of measles characterized by a maculopapular outbreak that typically follows fever. The appearance of a rash is significant for diagnosis, illustrating the disease's clinical progress. Documenting rashes in surveillance data aids in tracking measles incidence and outbreak management.
7) Male:
The term 'Male' denotes one of the two primary biological sexes, relevant in the context of epidemiological studies to analyze disease distribution. Understanding gender differences in measles cases, including variations in vaccination rates and susceptibility, informs targeted public health interventions for both genders.
8) Science (Scientific):
'Science' encompasses the systematic body of knowledge acquired through observation and experimentation. In this study, it applies to the research methodology used to analyze measles incidences, emphasizing the role of empirical evidence in developing effective vaccination strategies and public health policies.
9) Death:
'Death' refers to the cessation of biological functions that sustain life. In the context of measles, it highlights the potential severe outcomes of the disease, especially in vulnerable populations. Analyzing fatality rates emphasizes the importance of vaccination and public health interventions to reduce mortality.
10) House:
The term 'House' relates to the place where individuals reside. In the context of the study, it underscores the importance of proximity to healthcare services when addressing measles outbreaks and ensuring access to vaccinations, which may significantly affect disease transmission and vaccination coverage rates.
11) Akta:
'Akta' translates to 'Act' in English and refers to legislation. In this study, it highlights legal frameworks that mandate reporting of infectious diseases, such as the Akta Pencegahan dan Kawalan Penyakit Berjangkit 1988, which guides healthcare practices and disease surveillance in Malaysia.
12) Transmission:
'Transmission' describes the process through which infectious diseases spread from one individual to another. Understanding how measles virus transmission occurs is crucial in formulating effective public health strategies and interventions, such as vaccination campaigns, aimed at controlling outbreaks and reducing incidence rates.
13) Medicine:
'Medicine' refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. This study contributes to the field of medicine by evaluating the epidemiology of measles and the effectiveness of vaccination strategies, thereby influencing healthcare policies and practices to enhance population health.
14) Rules:
'Rules' define the established guidelines and principles governing a practice or system. In public health, rules may refer to policies about reporting infectious diseases, vaccination requirements, and disease management protocols, reinforcing the structured approach necessary for effective disease control measures.
15) Chun:
'Chun' appears to be a reference to an author or researcher, possibly in the context of the study. Identifying contributors to the research highlights collaboration in advancing knowledge regarding measles, which plays a key role in public health communication within the scientific community.
16) Discussion:
The term 'Discussion' denotes a section in research where interpretations of findings take place. It’s vital for contextualizing results within the broader body of knowledge about measles, exploring implications for future research, vaccination policy, and public health strategies aimed at disease prevention.
17) Developing:
'Developing' refers to countries with lower economic resources and healthcare infrastructure. This categorization is vital in understanding the differing challenges faced in controlling diseases like measles, affecting vaccination uptake and public health initiatives. The study's implications may be particularly relevant to developing nations with ongoing outbreaks.
18) Attending:
'Attending' relates to being present at a location or event, often used in reference to healthcare facilities. It emphasizes the importance of individuals seeking medical care and vaccination services in preventing and controlling measles outbreaks, illustrating the necessity of accessible healthcare in communities.
19) Suffering:
'Suffering' encapsulates the experience of pain, distress, or hardship due to illness. In the context of measles, understanding the suffering faced by affected individuals and their families underscores the urgency in controlling outbreaks, enhancing the push for effective vaccination and public health measures.
20) Meeting:
In a research context, 'Meeting' implies the fulfillment of criteria or standards, such as clinical definitions for disease diagnosis. Identifying cases that meet specific diagnostic criteria for measles is critical for accurate reporting, public health responses, and epidemiological analysis of the disease.
21) Citizen:
'Citizen' refers to individuals recognized as members of a nation or state. In the study, it highlights the focus on the Malaysian population regarding measles cases, emphasizing citizenship in discussions around public health policies, immunization strategies, and community awareness.
22) Worry (Worried, Worrying):
'Worried' expresses concern or anxiety, often about health or safety. In this context, it may reflect the sentiments of parents or communities surrounding vaccination and measles outbreaks, impacting decision-making regarding immunization and encouraging public health education efforts.
23) Family:
'Family' denotes a social unit, commonly influencing healthcare decisions, including vaccinations. The study's insights may explore how familial attitudes towards vaccination affect measles susceptibility and outbreaks, reinforcing the importance of community engagement in public health initiatives.
24) Reason:
The term 'Reason' signifies the underlying cause or rationale for behavior or events. In public health, understanding reasons behind vaccine hesitancy or refusal within communities aids in crafting effective motivational strategies to increase vaccination rates and mitigate disease transmission.
25) Animal:
'Animal' relates to living creatures, often in epidemiological contexts where zoonotic diseases are discussed. Although measles is not an animal-borne disease, understanding the role of animals in infectious disease ecology helps in designing comprehensive health strategies that address broader public health risks.
26) Indian:
'Indian' denotes a specific ethnic group within the study’s population context. Understanding ethnic distributions in measles cases addresses cultural attitudes towards vaccination, informing tailored public health communications, and health policy adjustments sensitive to the needs and values of diverse communities.
27) Putra:
'Putra' is commonly associated with Malaysian terms; it may refer to a name or entity related to the study context. This highlights how local cultural identifiers can be relevant in a public health study, reflecting the significance of understanding cultural contexts in healthcare interventions.
28) Birth:
'Birth' signifies the beginning of life, crucial in public health for understanding vaccination needs. The study may evaluate how birth rates and immunization timing impact measles incidence, emphasizing early childhood health as vital in disease prevention strategies and healthcare planning.
29) Hand:
'Hand' symbolizes the human aspect of healthcare, emphasizing the role of healthcare providers in administering vaccinations and managing disease outbreaks. It may also reflect the hands-on approach required in public health interventions, highlighting the importance of accessible care and vaccination delivery.
30) Post:
'Post' implies placement or continuation after a certain event. In research, it may refer to post-vaccination monitoring or evaluation of outbreak responses. Understanding post-event analysis is essential for assessing the effectiveness of interventions and shaping future public health policies.
Other Health Sciences Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Measles Analysis in Larut, Matang, and Selama, Perak, Malaysia’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
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