Parental Concerns and Autism Diagnosis Age: Malaysia Review
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: First Parental Concerns and Age at Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Review from Malaysia
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:
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Subhashini Jayanath, Sally Ozonoff
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: First Parental Concerns and Age at Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Review from Malaysia
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.8
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose prevalence is on the rise, currently estimated at 1 in 54 children in the United States. However, there is significant regional variation in these prevalence rates due to factors such as medical resources, community services, and cultural differences influencing early parental concerns about child development. This study marks the first exploration of first parental concerns regarding ASD in Malaysia, examining factors such as the age and type of concerns, associations with severity of the disorder, and diagnostic delays.
Importance of First Parental Concerns
The findings reveal that three-quarters of parents expressed concerns about their child's development by 36 months, with the most frequent concern being speech/language/communication issues. This aligns with observations from other countries, suggesting these concerns may represent a universal recognition of ASD across various cultures. Moreover, the study found significant correlations between the number and type of parental concerns and the severity of the child's condition. Notably, a longer delay was observed between the age of first parental concern and the age of diagnosis, with a median lag of 17 months. Factors such as elevated initial screen time were associated with this diagnostic delay.
Conclusion
This research underscores the significance of parental awareness and timely recognition of developmental concerns in young children. By highlighting the commonality of speech and communication concerns as the primary indicators for ASD, the study calls for improved public health awareness and education strategies in Malaysia to facilitate early referrals and diagnoses. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need for enhanced training among healthcare professionals to ensure a standardized approach to addressing parental concerns, with the goal of achieving earlier interventions that can lead to better long-term outcomes for children diagnosed with ASD.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the primary focus of the study in Malaysia?
The study examined first parental concerns about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Malaysia, focusing on factors like age of first concerns, diagnostic delays, and the correlation between concerns and severity of ASD.
What were the main types of parental concerns identified?
The most frequent parental concerns were related to speech, language, and communication issues, affecting 60.1% of parents. Other concerns included social behavior, stereotyped behavior, and general developmental issues.
How significant was the delay between parental concerns and diagnosis?
The median time lag between first parental concerns and diagnosis was 17 months, indicating a substantial delay. While many parents recognized concerns by 36 months, the average diagnosis age was around 46 months.
Were there any factors associated with delayed diagnosis?
Yes, factors such as higher initial screen time and older age when medical attention was first sought were associated with a delayed diagnosis, suggesting the need for prompt evaluation of parental concerns.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Parental Concerns and Autism Diagnosis Age: Malaysia Review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table, in the context of research, provides a structured presentation of data that allows for easier comparison and analysis of variables. It organizes findings in rows and columns, which enhances readability and understanding of the study results. This format is essential in summarizing data, making it quick for readers to absorb critical information at a glance.
2) Study (Studying):
Studying entails examining or analyzing a particular subject in depth. In the context of autism research, studying involves exploring various facets of the disorder, such as parental concerns and diagnosis timing. In-depth studying is essential for generating insights that inform clinical practices and enhance the understanding of autism spectrum disorder.
3) Language:
In the context of this research, language pertains to the communication concerns that parents voice about their children with autism. It plays a significant role in identifying such developmental disorders, as language deficits can be one of the early indicators of autism. Effective communication fosters better parental recognition and timely interventions.
4) Reliability:
Reliability in research indicates the consistency and dependability of a measurement instrument or data collection method. It ensures that repeating the study under the same conditions would yield similar results. High reliability is crucial, as it strengthens the validity of the findings and increases confidence in the conclusions drawn from the study results.
5) Rules:
Rules refer to established guidelines or principles that govern the conduct of research. They ensure consistency in methodology, data collection, and analysis. In the context of autism studies, adhering to specific rules ensures that findings are credible and can contribute positively to existing literature, leading to improvements in clinical practices and interventions.
6) Mental disorder:
A mental disorder represents a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome characterized by dysfunction in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) falls under this category, emphasizing the importance of addressing such conditions through effective diagnosis, intervention, and support strategies for both individuals affected and their families.
7) Malaya:
Malaya refers to the historical region that constitutes the western part of present-day Malaysia. In this research, it serves as the geographical context for exploring autism-related issues. Understanding the regional nuances informs the study's relevance, as cultural factors play a critical role in parental concerns and the perception of autism.
8) India:
In the context of the study, India likely serves as a reference for cultural comparisons in understanding parental concerns regarding autism. The relevance lies in examining similarities and differences in how autism is perceived and reported among parents across different cultures, contributing to a global understanding of autism spectrum disorder.
9) Roman (Roma):
In the context of this discussion, Roman could refer to a numeral system or historical aspects influencing contemporary societies. While the term may not directly relate to the study's focus on autism, it highlights the importance of historical perspectives in shaping current health practices and cultural responses toward developmental disorders.
10) Sign:
Sign refers to the observable indicators or symptoms of a condition, such as autism. In research, recognizing signs is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately affecting outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Understanding parent-reported signs highlights accessibility to professional help and the responsiveness of healthcare systems.
11) Measurement:
Measurement pertains to the systematic process of quantifying behaviors or attributes, such as developmental concerns in children. Accurate measurement is vital for assessing the severity of autism spectrum disorder and evaluating interventions. It contributes to evidence-based practices, ensuring that healthcare professionals can make informed decisions based on quantifiable data.
12) Perception:
Perception in this context refers to how parents interpret and understand their children's behavior, particularly concerning developmental concerns. This understanding influences the timing of seeking professional help and can vary significantly across cultures. Recognizing different perceptions can help tailor awareness campaigns and inform healthcare practices effectively.
13) Training:
Training includes the process of educating individuals or groups to improve their skills or knowledge. In the context of autism research, training for healthcare professionals is essential for accurately identifying and addressing parental concerns. It fosters a better understanding of development issues, enabling timely and effective interventions for children diagnosed with autism.
14) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Its mention in the study emphasizes the prevalence of comorbid conditions associated with autism spectrum disorder. Understanding how coexisting conditions like epilepsy impact parental concerns and the diagnostic process provides a more comprehensive view of the challenges faced by families.
15) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard or degree of excellence of services or products. In healthcare, quality is vital for ensuring that interventions and educational strategies are effective. Improving the quality of autism diagnosis and treatment can significantly enhance outcomes for affected children and their families through early detection and appropriate support.
16) Meeting:
Meeting typically refers to a formal assembly where individuals discuss and address specific topics. In the context of this research, meetings can occur between parents and healthcare professionals to address concerns about a child's development. Effective communication during these meetings is crucial for timely interventions and support for children with autism spectrum disorder.
17) Greece:
The mention of Greece, similar to India, serves as a cultural reference point in the discussion of autism. It highlights the need for comparative studies that explore the differences and similarities in parental concerns and cultural perceptions of autism across various countries, enriching the understanding of global autism awareness.
18) Reason:
Reason refers to the logical basis for a decision or belief. In discussing the implications of research findings, reason underscores the importance of understanding why certain concerns arise among parents. By examining the reasons behind parental concerns, effective strategies for awareness and intervention can be developed to improve early diagnosis and treatment of autism.
19) Rudra:
Rudra may refer to an individual involved in autism research or clinical practice. Understanding the contributions of researchers like Rudra sheds light on the collaborative efforts in the field of autism studies. Each researcher brings unique insights and methods that contribute to a more comprehensive overview of autism spectrum disorders.
20) Divan:
Divan could refer to author names or contributors in the research community. In studies concerning autism, acknowledging the work of individuals like Divan emphasizes collaboration in research efforts. Such collaborations are essential for advancing knowledge and improving practices related to autism spectrum disorder across diverse populations.
21) Visit:
Visit refers to the act of attending a healthcare facility for assessment and evaluation. In autism research, the number of visits a family makes can impact their understanding of the condition. Regular visits to specialists can enhance early identification of developmental concerns, ultimately influencing diagnostic timelines and supports.
22) Cina:
China serves as another cultural reference within the research, highlighting the varying parental concerns regarding autism globally. By examining concerns in different cultural contexts, including countries like China, researchers can foster a broader understanding of autism that accommodates diverse parenting styles and child-rearing practices.
23) Rice (Rce):
Rice may refer to a contributing author or piece of research related to autism studies. Identifying significant contributors like Rice emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific research, wherein multiple perspectives and findings are essential for enriching the discourse around autism and improving practices for diagnosis and intervention.
24) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn might refer to research methodologies or authors whose work explores the impacts of autism interventions. Understanding the effects of various interventions helps clarify the potential progress and challenges faced by children with autism, contributing to the development of more effective intervention strategies and educational supports.
25) Qian:
Qian likely refers to a researcher or author contributing to autism studies. Acknowledging individuals like Qian highlights the importance of diverse research perspectives in understanding autism spectrum disorder. Each researcher's contributions can pave the way for new insights, ultimately informing clinical practices and improving outcomes for affected individuals.
26) Calculation:
Calculation involves determining values or outcomes based on data analysis. In research, proper calculations are essential for interpreting findings accurately. These calculations can unveil significant correlations or trends, guiding effective interventions and informing clinical practice regarding autism diagnosis and management.
27) Observation:
Observation is the act of closely monitoring behaviors or developmental milestones. In autism studies, parents' observational reports are critical for early identification of concerns. Recognizing the significance of parental observations can enhance communication between families and healthcare providers, leading to more timely and accurate diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder.
28) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the critical examination and interpretation of study findings. In research papers, discussions allow authors to connect their results with existing literature, explore implications, and suggest areas for future research. Effective discussion helps contextualize findings, ultimately enhancing the understanding and application of autism research in real-world settings.
29) Education:
Education pertains to the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction. In the context of autism, education focuses on informing both parents and professionals about early signs, interventions, and effective strategies. Increased education leads to a better understanding of autism spectrum disorder, facilitating earlier identification and improved support for those affected.
30) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition of a living organism that disrupts normal functioning. In discussing autism, it refers to the belief that autism constitutes a disorder requiring understanding and intervention. The framing of autism as a disease versus a developmental difference impacts public perception and the urgency of diagnosis and care.
31) Account:
Account relates to narrating or explaining something, often encompassing personal experiences or perspectives. In research, gathering accounts from parents about their concerns regarding their children is essential for initiating studies. These accounts provide qualitative insights, enriching quantitative data and enhancing the understanding of autism and its associated challenges.
32) Anxiety:
Anxiety refers to a psychological state characterized by excessive worry or fear. In the context of autism, parental anxiety may arise from concerns about their child's development. Understanding the relationship between anxiety and parental perceptions is crucial for informing support services and addressing mental health needs in families affected by autism.
33) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation. In the contexts of autism and developmental disorders, science plays a crucial role in developing evidence-based interventions, informing public policy, and guiding clinical practices that enhance the lives of individuals with autism and their families.
34) Family:
Family provides the foundational social support system for children, significantly influencing their development. In autism research, understanding family dynamics and concerns is essential for tailoring interventions that address not just the child's needs but also the emotional and social aspects affecting the family unit as a whole.
35) Nature:
Nature relates to the inherent characteristics or qualities of something. In autism research, understanding the nature of autism spectrum disorder is crucial for developing appropriate interventions. Insights into the nature of parental concerns contribute to a deeper understanding of how to respond effectively in clinical and educational settings.
36) Post:
Post may refer to documentation, updates, or publications in academic or clinical contexts. In autism studies, posting research findings allows for wider dissemination, facilitating collaboration and encouraging further inquiry into the various aspects of autism. Such sharing is vital for advancing knowledge and improving interventions.
37) Pur:
Poor relates to inadequate or deficient conditions. In discussing autism, it can mean insufficient access to healthcare services, resources, or educational opportunities for families affected by autism spectrum disorder. Identifying and addressing these poor conditions is crucial for improving outcomes for children with autism and ensuring equitable access to support.
38) Male:
Male refers to the gender most represented in autism diagnoses, which is commonly observed in clinical data. Recognizing the male predominance in autism research is essential for understanding gender differences in symptom expression, diagnosis, and societal perceptions, which can inform tailored interventions and support strategies.
Other Health Sciences Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Parental Concerns and Autism Diagnosis Age: Malaysia Review’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Data collection, Early diagnosis, Verbal communication, First symptoms, Statistical analysis, Time lag, Southeast Asia, Medical attention, Inclusion criteria, Patient recruitment, Multivariate analysis, Clinical Practice, Study design, Early signs, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Socio-demographic factors, Regression analysis, Symptom severity, Timely Diagnosis, Screen time, Retrospective cohort study, Diagnostic delay, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Parenting stress, Parental concern, Healthcare professional, Severity level, Delayed diagnosis, Definitive Diagnosis, Age at Diagnosis, Public health awareness, DSM-5 criteria, Electronic medical record, Binary Logistic Regression, Univariate analysis, Developmental disorder, Developmental concerns, Parent education, Early intervention programmes, Medical record, Autism Spectrum Quotient, Pearson correlation analysis, Language delay, Communication concerns, Maternal and Child, Modified Checklist, Southeast Asian region, Diagnostic label, Coding system, Age of diagnosis, Early signs of, Government health clinic.