Lipid Peroxidation Triggers Reactive Astrogliosis via WNT/β-Catenin
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Lipid Peroxidation Induces Reactive Astrogliosis by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Hydrocephalus
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Wihasto Suryaningtyas, Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi, Abdul Hafid Bajamal, Fedik Abdul Rantam
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Lipid Peroxidation Induces Reactive Astrogliosis by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Hydrocephalus
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.4
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Hydrocephalus is a complex neurologic disorder characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain, resulting in mechanical and biochemical changes in neural cells. One of the significant consequences of hydrocephalus is astrogliosis, which reflects the activation of astrocytes and the involvement of microglia, creating a cascade of cellular responses that can lead to detrimental effects on brain structure and function. The precise mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of lipid peroxidation products, specifically 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), on astrogliosis mediated by the WNT/β-catenin pathway in kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats.
Activation of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway by Lipid Peroxidation
The findings of the study indicate a significant correlation between the elevation of 4-HNE levels and the activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in hydrocephalic rats. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed an increase in 4-HNE expression in various brain regions, particularly within the periventricular area, which was associated with heightened β-catenin expression. The activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling is known to influence the behavior of reactive astrocytes. The study suggests that increased lipid peroxidation, driven by oxidative stress, activates this signaling pathway, leading to the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and the activation of microglia, thus complicating the recovery processes associated with brain injury in hydrocephalus.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study highlights the intricate relationship between lipid peroxidation, specifically via 4-HNE, and the activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in the context of hydrocephalus. The results suggest that these biochemical processes are critical in driving the astrogliosis seen in affected brain regions. Understanding this pathway provides insights into the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus and suggests potential targets for therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the effects of reactive astrocytosis and improve recovery after neurological injury.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the role of lipid peroxidation in hydrocephalus?
Lipid peroxidation, particularly products like 4-HNE, contributes to mechanical and biochemical changes in neural cells during hydrocephalus, leading to reactive astrocyte development and microglial activation.
How does hydrocephalus affect neural cells?
Hydrocephalus induces changes such as astrogliosis, which involves increased reactive astrocytes and microglial activation, impacting axonal regeneration and remyelination in the brain.
What signaling pathway does lipid peroxidation activate in hydrocephalus?
Lipid peroxidation activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is significant in the development of reactive astrocytes and contributes to the neuroinflammatory process in hydrocephalus.
What were the findings related to microglial activation in hydrocephalic rats?
Hydrocephalic rats exhibited significantly increased microglial activation indicated by Iba-1 expression, particularly in areas like the periventricular region, suggesting a strong inflammatory response.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Lipid Peroxidation Triggers Reactive Astrogliosis via WNT/β-Catenin”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid that circulates in the body, transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing waste products. In the context of hydrocephalus, altered blood flow can contribute to neuronal injury and inflammation, affecting brain health and the body's overall physiological response to conditions such as hydrocephalus.
2) Study (Studying):
A study refers to a systematic investigation of a specific scientific hypothesis. In the context provided, the focus is on examining the effects of lipid peroxidation and WNT/β-catenin signaling in kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Results from such studies are crucial to understanding underlying mechanisms and developing potential treatments.
3) Animal:
Animal studies are often pivotal in biomedical research, providing insights that cannot be ethically obtained from human subjects. The research described involves the use of Sprague-Dawley rats to model hydrocephalus, enabling researchers to analyze disease mechanisms and test therapeutic interventions in a controlled environment.
4) Table:
In scientific documentation, tables are utilized to present data in a clear, organized manner. Though not specifically mentioned in the provided text, one might expect to see tables summarizing experimental results, quantifying protein expressions, or correlating various biochemical markers that reflect the outcomes of the study on hydrocephalus.
5) Beta:
In the context of the provided text, beta refers to beta-catenin, a crucial component of the WNT signaling pathway. This protein plays roles in cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, and maintaining cellular functions. Increased beta-catenin activation has implications in astrogliosis and neuroinflammation associated with diseases like hydrocephalus.
6) Sam (Sham):
A sham condition serves as a control in experiments, mimicking the treatment group without delivering the actual intervention. In this study, sham-treated rats received saline injections, allowing researchers to isolate the effects of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus from other variables, ultimately enhancing the reliability of their findings.
7) Post:
The term post typically refers to the time after a specific event or treatment. In this study, post refers to the intervals after the induction of hydrocephalus. Observing changes in the hydrocephalic rats at multiple post-induction time points enables the exploration of dynamic biological processes and responses.
8) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to injury or infection characterized by increased blood flow, immune cell activation, and release of inflammatory mediators. This response, while essential for healing, can become maladaptive in chronic conditions like hydrocephalus, where excessive inflammation may exacerbate tissue damage and inhibit recovery.
9) Disease:
A disease is a pathological condition resulting from various factors, including genetic, environmental, or infectious agents. Hydrocephalus is a significant neurological disorder that leads to brain injury and structural changes. Understanding its underlying mechanisms influences treatment approaches and potential interventions to improve patient outcomes.
10) Species:
In biological research, species refers to a distinct group of organisms capable of interbreeding. The study uses kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats as a model species to investigate the effects of hydrocephalus, thereby providing insights that may have relevance to human conditions involving similar pathological processes.
11) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the buildup of substances within biological systems over time, often leading to pathological consequences. In the context of this research, the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products like 4-HNE can activate harmful signaling pathways, contributing to astrogliosis and neuronal damage associated with hydrocephalus.
12) Activity:
Activity in biological terms can refer to cellular or enzymatic function. In this study, increased activity of beta-catenin and other reactive markers signifies heightened cellular response mechanisms involved in astrogliosis and neuroinflammation, essential for understanding the pathology of hydrocephalus and potential therapeutic targets.
13) Cancer:
Cancer represents a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division. The pathological processes explored in this study, particularly the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, also have implications in cancer biology, as aberrant activation of this pathway can promote tumor proliferation and metastasis.
14) Repair:
Repair refers to the biological processes that restore tissue integrity following injury. In the framework of neurobiology, understanding how glial cells, such as astrocytes, contribute to or hinder neural repair in conditions like hydrocephalus is essential for developing strategies to enhance neuroregenerative outcomes.
15) Nature:
Nature encompasses the inherent qualities and phenomena of the physical world. The study of hydrocephalus explores the natural mechanisms of injury and inflammation within the brain, highlighting how these processes manifest and impact both the brain’s structure and its potential for recovery and regeneration.
16) Silver:
Silver may refer to a researcher, study author, or an entity involved in neuroscience, specifically in the context of astrocytic studies. It could also allude to 'Silver's rule' about reactive astrocytes. If found in citations, it indicates contributions to our understanding of neuroinflammatory responses.
17) Barre:
Barre may refer to the contribution of key researchers in the field of glial biology or neuroinflammation. As part of a study’s citation, it indicates collective knowledge and exploration of the interplay between cellular responses in brain conditions like hydrocephalus.
18) Cuma:
Chuma might reference either a researcher or specific methodologies to study brain conditions. In discussions surrounding neurobiology, it emphasizes the range of factors influencing reactive astrocytes and neuroinflammation in conditions like hydrocephalus.
19) Mari:
Mari could be a reference to either a researcher or an entity contributing to the study of hydrocephalus and its underlying mechanisms. This helps contextualize various factors influencing brain injury responses and potential therapeutic approaches.
20) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of a scientific paper where findings are interpreted and contextualized against existing literature. It allows for critical analysis of results in relation to hydrocephalus, lipid peroxidation, and potential therapeutic targets, framing the study within broader scientific discourse.
21) Observing:
Observing is the act of monitoring or examining subjects during an experiment. In the context of this study, observing changes in the behavior and biological markers of hydrocephalic rats aids in understanding the progression of the disease and evaluating treatment efficacy over time.
22) Killing (Killed):
Killed refers to the ethical necessity for animal studies in research aimed at understanding disease mechanisms. In this study, rats were sacrificed at designated time points to collect samples for analysis, providing critical data on the progression of hydrocephalus and its associated cellular changes.
23) Santa (Shanta, Samta, Shamta):
Santa is likely referenced in the context of author affiliation or specific methodologies cited in the research. It could indicate a specific research group or institution contributing to the evaluation of hydrocephalus or cellular response in the brain.
24) Water:
Water is a critical component in biological systems, necessary for cellular processes and overall health. In the context of this study, hydration and its role in physiological responses to hydrocephalus could be indirectly relevant, influencing cellular integrity and reaction to oxidative stress.
25) Arrow:
In a scientific context, an arrow could symbolize progression, directionality in biological pathways, or represent visual aids in diagrams illustrating cellular signaling pathways. In this study, it may be used metaphorically to demonstrate trends or pathways in cellular responses to injuries like hydrocephalus.
26) Food:
Food serves as a source of energy and nutrients critical for the metabolic processes in living organisms. In animal studies, diet impacts health outcomes, influencing immune responses and recovery dynamics in experimental models such as hydrocephalus and might affect the study's experimental design.
27) Hind:
Hind generally refers to the back part of an organism. In studies involving animals, it can pertain to hindlimb functionality, assessing mobility in hydrocephalic models to understand motor impairments and how brain injury affects overall locomotor activity.
28) Cage:
Cage refers to the housing used for laboratory animals, ensuring their confinement and well-being during studies. Properly equipped cages are essential for animal welfare, influencing stress levels and behaviors observed in research studies, including those involving hydrocephalus.
29) Rich (Rch):
In a biological study context, 'rich' may refer to environments or media that are nutrient-dense, supporting the growth and vitality of cell cultures or experimental animals. The term may also indicate the richness of data derived from extensive experimental conditions.
30) Hand:
In scientific research, 'hand' might refer to manual techniques or methods employed during experiments. It could also symbolize direct involvement in experimental procedures, reflecting the practical aspects of conducting research in the context of hydrocephalus and related neural injuries.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Lipid Peroxidation Triggers Reactive Astrogliosis via WNT/β-Catenin’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Inflammation, Surgical treatment, Central nervous system, Spinal Cord, Statistical Significance, Experimental model, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Blood brain barrier, Extracellular matrix, Lipid peroxidation, Diabetic Retinopathy, Astrocytes, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Cell differentiation, Cerebral blood flow, Cell proliferation, Functional recovery, Cytokine production, Cerebral Ischemia, Tissue homeostasis, Inflammatory activity, Inflammatory reaction, Hydrocephalus, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Wnt signaling pathway, Antioxidant enzyme, Lipid peroxidation process, Pro-inflammatory cytokine, Chemokines, Microglial activation, Glial scar, Microglia, Reactive astrogliosis, CNS injury, Cellular changes, Cell membrane damage, Microglia activation, Astrogliosis, Progenitor cells, Axonal regeneration, Brain injury, Interleukin-1 alpha, Cytokine secretion, Obstructive hydrocephalus, Axon regeneration, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Reactive gliosis, Immunohistochemistry staining, Lipid peroxidation product, Reactive astrocyte, Hydrocephalus induction, Cerebral blood flow alteration, Glial scar development, 4-hydroxynonenal expressions, Neurotoxic reactive astrocyte phenotype, Mechanical and biochemical changes, Biomechanical injury, Hypoxia-induced cascade, Pathophysiology of hydrocephalus, Astrocyte reaction, Experiments on rats, Sham treatment group, Monocyte chemoattractant protein, Wnt signaling, Hind limbs, Sprague Dawley rat, Canonical Wnt pathway, Organ development, White matter, Periventricular white matter, IHC staining, Downstream signaling, Axonal sprouting, Wnt pathway, GFAP expression, Oligodendrocyte differentiation, 4-hydroxynonenal, Periventricular area, Demyelination process, Kaolin induction, Beta coefficient, Iba-1 expression, Reactive astrocytosis, Periventricular hypertrophy, Axonal elongation, Neurotoxic phenotype, Sham-treated group, Hydrocephalic rats, Degenerative inflammation, Microglia-derived cytokines, Canonical pathway, Oligodendrocyte progenitor, Extracellular glutamate, Reactive nitrate species, Inflammatory chemokine, Microgliaastrocyte crosstalk, Structural recovery, Stem cell maintenance, Reactive hydroxyl molecules, Cytokine-chemokine level, Shunt placement, Damage associated molecular, AbstractBackgroundHydrocephalus, Saline-injected animals, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), Multifactorial neurologic disorder, Kaolin suspension injection, Astrocyte reactivity, Hypoxic-ischemic cascade, 4-HNE expression, Frizzled (Fz) receptors, LRP6 phosphorylation, Neurotoxic reactive astrocyte, Oligodendrocyte, Beta-catenin signaling, Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, Oral antioxidant therapy, Neonatal hydrocephalus, Astrocyte, Beta-catenin, Sham-treatment, Microglial activation in hydrocephalic rats, WNT ligand, Kaolin-induced, Experimental neonatal hydrocephalus, WNT pathway activation.