Malay Version of Pornography Attitudes Questionnaire for Youths

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Development and Validation of a Malay Version of the Questionnaire on Pornography Attitudes and Exposure for Youth in Kelantan
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Azriani Ab Rahman, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Razlina Abdul Rahman, Wan Nor Arifin, Mokhtarrudin Ahmad


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Development and Validation of a Malay Version of the Questionnaire on Pornography Attitudes and Exposure for Youth in Kelantan

Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.14

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study focuses on developing and validating a Malay version of a questionnaire named PORQUE that assesses the extent of pornography exposure, consumption patterns, and attitudes towards pornography among youth in Kelantan, Malaysia. Due to the pervasive influence of easily accessible technology and the sensitivity surrounding the topic of pornography in Malaysian society, there is a pressing need to understand how youth engage with such material. Current research indicates a significant exposure of Malaysian youth to pornography, but reliable assessment tools specific to the local context are lacking.

Importance of Psychometric Validation

One critical aspect of the study is the psychometric validation of the PORQUE questionnaire, which was conducted through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). EFA revealed a five-factor structure associated with attitudes towards pornography, differentiating between non-permissive and permissive feelings, and further categorizing cognitive perceptions about pornography's implications. The model demonstrated strong internal consistency, indicated by Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.904 to 0.966. The CFA further confirmed this structure with excellent fit indices, suggesting that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring youth attitudes towards pornography in Malaysia.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the newly developed Malay version of the PORQUE questionnaire proved to be a psychometrically sound tool suited for assessing the attitudes and behaviors related to pornography among Malaysian youth. Despite the promising results, the study anticipates further research to extend its applicability across diverse demographic groups beyond the current sample, ensuring a broader understanding of pornography's impact on youth in Malaysia. The findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive tools in addressing the challenges posed by pornography exposure, guiding future interventions aimed at pornography prevention and control among youth.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of the PORQUE questionnaire?

The PORQUE questionnaire aims to assess the extent of pornography exposure, consumption patterns, and attitudes among youth in Malaysia, specifically targeting individuals aged 15 to 24.

How was the PORQUE questionnaire developed and validated?

The questionnaire was developed through literature review, expert panel review, face validation, and pre-testing. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to ensure its reliability and validity among participants.

What were the main findings regarding pornography exposure in youth?

The study found high rates of pornography exposure among Malaysian youth, with various factors influencing their consumption patterns and attitudes. The results emphasized the need for targeted interventions.

What relevance does PORQUE have for Malaysian youth?

The PORQUE questionnaire is crucial for understanding youth attitudes towards pornography, providing valuable insights for interventions aimed at preventing and managing pornography-related issues among this demographic.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Malay Version of Pornography Attitudes Questionnaire for Youths”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
Table refers to a systematic arrangement of data or information in rows and columns. In the context of this study, tables present findings related to survey results, such as participant demographics and psychometric properties, enabling easy comparison and analysis of results which enhance understanding of pornography exposure among youth.

2) Saya (Shaya):
Saya is the Malay word for 'I' or 'me'. It emphasizes the first-person perspective, establishing a personal connection in the text. In the study's context, it might reflect the views or feelings of respondents about pornography, allowing for insights into individual perspectives and experiences associated with the subject matter.

3) Study (Studying):
Study denotes an investigation or examination of a specific topic, in this case, the attitudes and exposure to pornography among Malaysian youth. The term is significant as it suggests a structured approach to data collection, analysis, and interpretation aimed at understanding the implications of pornography consumption on youth behavior and societal norms.

4) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa is a Malay word meaning 'to feel' or 'feeling'. It plays an important role in the study as it captures the emotional responses and attitudes of participants toward pornography. Understanding feelings is essential for assessing the psychological impact of pornography on youth, influencing future interventions and educational programs.

5) Bila:
Bila is the Malay word for 'when'. It signifies timing and context, particularly regarding participants' experiences with pornography. Establishing 'when' can enhance the understanding of developmental stages and cultural factors influencing youth exposure to pornography, thereby informing tailored educational and preventive measures for specific age groups.

6) Perception:
Perception is the interpretation of sensory information, shaping how individuals comprehend aspects of their environment. In this study, it relates to respondents' views on pornography and its effects. Understanding perception is crucial for identifying attitudes toward sexuality and developing effective educational strategies to address the implications of pornography use.

7) Family:
Family encompasses the social unit consisting of parents and children, influencing attitudes and behaviors. In the context of this study, family dynamics are vital for understanding the socialization processes impacting youths’ views on pornography. The role of family can significantly affect youth exposure, attitudes, and perceptions related to pornography.

8) Education:
Education refers to the systematic process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes. The term is integral in this study as it highlights the need for informed approaches to sex education, aiming to promote healthy attitudes toward sexuality and pornography among youth, challenging societal stereotypes and misconceptions prevalent in Malaysian culture.

9) Reliability:
Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement tool. In this study, it assures that the questionnaire assessing pornography attitudes yields consistent results over time. Establishing reliability is essential in confirming the validity of findings, thereby enhancing trust in the data collected for future interventions and research.

10) Knowledge:
Knowledge denotes awareness or understanding gained through experience or education. In this study, knowledge about pornography, its effects, and associated behaviors is explored. The role of knowledge is critical, as it can influence youths' perceptions and actions regarding pornography, fostering well-informed discussions and considerations for future educational initiatives.

11) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. In the context of this study, scientific methods are applied to investigate youth pornography exposure, emphasizing the importance of empirical research in understanding social issues affecting contemporary society.

12) Rules:
Rules are the explicit regulations or principles governing behavior within a particular context. In this study, rules may relate to societal norms around pornography and its consumption. Exploring these rules enables a better understanding of how cultural beliefs shape youth attitudes towards pornography and informs the development of effective preventive measures.

13) Activity:
Activity denotes tasks or actions undertaken by individuals. In the study, various activities related to pornography usage, such as viewing or discussing, are analyzed for their impact on youth. Understanding these activities helps identify trends and behaviors that may contribute to or mitigate the effects of pornography exposure on young people.

14) Marriage:
Marriage signifies a legally and socially recognized union between individuals, often influencing their attitudes toward sexuality and pornography. The study may examine how marital status, perceptions of marriage, and expectations surrounding it affect youths' views on pornography, shaping their sexual behaviors and beliefs in the societal context.

15) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the exchange of ideas and thoughts on a particular issue. In the context of this study, discussions about pornography, youth attitudes, and its implications facilitate a deeper understanding of underlying beliefs, challenges, and potential solutions, guiding future interventions and educational initiatives addressing pornography exposure.

16) Agama:
Agama is the Malay word for 'religion.' In this study, it highlights the influence of religious teachings and beliefs on youth attitudes toward pornography. Understanding how religious values shape perceptions and behaviors related to pornography is vital for developing culturally appropriate educational materials and interventions in Malaysia.

17) Nilai:
Nilai means 'values' in Malay, referring to the principles or standards of behavior that are important in a society. In this study, examining values related to sexuality and pornography is crucial for understanding how cultural, familial, and religious influences impact youths' perceptions, guiding effective educational campaigns for responsible consumption.

18) Akshi (Aksi):
Aksi is the Malay word for 'action' or 'behavior.' In this study, it may pertain to behaviors associated with pornography consumption. Understanding the actions that youths engage in regarding pornography is vital for identifying patterns, consequences, and potential interventions to promote healthier attitudes and behaviors towards sexuality.

19) Composite:
Composite refers to something made up of various parts or elements. In this study, it may relate to composite scores or measures derived from multiple indicators assessing attitudes and perceptions on pornography. Utilizing composite measures helps strengthen the reliability and validity of the findings by reflecting diverse perspectives.

20) Learning:
Learning denotes the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through experience, education, or practice. In the context of this study, it emphasizes the importance of educational interventions aimed at informing youths about pornography, enabling better understanding and critical analysis of its implications for their attitudes and behaviors toward sexuality.

21) Masha (Masa, Ma-sha):
Masa translates to 'time' in Malay, emphasizing the importance of timing in relational and situational contexts. In this study, it could refer to when youths are exposed to pornography, highlighting developmental stages and cultural factors that influence experiences, awareness, and educational opportunities related to responsible behaviors regarding pornography.

22) Sage:
Sage refers to a type of plant but can also denote wisdom and deep understanding. In this context, it highlights the importance of knowledgeable and experienced guidance in developing educational content for youth regarding pornography. Drawing on wise insights ensures the relevance of educational materials in addressing contemporary challenges.

23) Male:
Male refers to the gender classification typically associated with biological and physiological traits. In this study, the distinction between male and female participants illuminates gender differences in attitudes, experiences, and behaviors related to pornography, facilitating a nuanced understanding of societal expectations and the impact of gender on sexual norms.

24) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the process of quantifying certain characteristics or phenomena. In this study, it involves the assessment of attitudes, consumption patterns, and factors associated with pornography. Accurate measurement is crucial for valid conclusions about the data collected, reinforcing the study's findings and informing targeted interventions and educational approaches.

25) Developing:
Developing indicates the process of creating or enhancing something over time. In the context of this study, it signifies the creation of a new measurement tool (questionnaire) to understand youth attitudes towards pornography. The development process involves careful consideration of cultural and social contexts, ensuring the tool's relevance and effectiveness.

26) Substance:
Substance refers to a particular kind of matter with specific properties. In this study, it can relate to substances that may be associated with pornography consumption, such as the effects of viewing explicit materials. Understanding the substances involved helps in addressing the broader implications of pornography for youth health and well-being.

27) Medicine:
Medicine pertains to the science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. In this study, it may highlight the impacts of pornography on mental and emotional health, linking medical insights to societal issues. Understanding the role of healthcare professionals in discussing pornography with youth strengthens the relevance of this study within the health landscape.

28) Meeting:
Meeting refers to a gathering for discussion and decision-making. In the context of this study, meetings among experts during the questionnaire's development phase played a critical role in ensuring the content is relevant and sensitive to the local culture. Collaborative discussions ultimately contribute to the study's depth and accuracy.

29) Nature:
Nature relates to the inherent qualities and characteristics of phenomena. In this study, it may refer to the intrinsic aspects of pornography and its effects on youth behavior and attitudes. Understanding the nature of youth experiences with pornography is essential for addressing concerns and developing appropriate educational responses.

30) Reason:
Reason signifies the rationale behind actions or decisions. In this study, understanding the reasons that youths engage with pornography is integral for addressing underlying motivations and concerns. Identifying these reasons informs the development of targeted educational programs aimed at modifying behaviors and promoting healthy attitudes towards sexuality.

31) Medium:
Medium refers to the means or channel through which information or content is conveyed. In this study, it may pertain to the different platforms through which pornography is accessed (like the internet or mobile devices). Understanding the mediums used by youths is vital for developing effective awareness and intervention strategies.

32) Mulya:
Mulya is a Malay word meaning 'noble' or 'honorable.' It may not have a direct application in this study, yet it can symbolize desirable qualities that educational initiatives aim to instill in youth regarding their conduct towards pornography. Promoting noble values contributes positively to youth education and behavior.

33) Field:
Field refers to a particular domain of study or activity. In this study, the field of sexual health and education intersects with societal issues surrounding pornography. Understanding dynamics in this field can enhance the development of comprehensive educational materials and interventions to address the specific needs and concerns of youth.

34) Dari:
Dari translates to 'from' in English and is significant in establishing the origin or source of something. In the study, it may help contextualize statements, indicating where specific ideas or standards regarding pornography stem from, facilitating a nuanced understanding of cultural influences affecting youths' views and attitudes.

35) Hair:
Hair might refer to individuals or theoretical concepts related to social science methodology, possibly drawing from Hair et al.'s work on multivariate data analysis. Recognizing established methodologies in research offers crucial insights into the analytical techniques used in this study, contributing to the integrity and depth of the findings.

36) Hand:
Hand is often associated with action or agency. In this study, it may metaphorically represent empowerment, highlighting the need for youth to take control of their choices regarding pornography. Encouraging active engagement can foster responsible consumption patterns and healthier attitudes in navigating sexuality in contemporary society.

37) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing serves a similar context as 'practising' in conveying ongoing engagement. This term may highlight the various behaviors exhibited by youth in their interactions with pornography. Acknowledging how youth practice behaviors aligns with understanding their patterns of consumption and attitudes, facilitating the development of relevant educational resources.

38) Language:
Language is a system of communication that plays a pivotal role in shaping thoughts and cultural expressions. In this study, understanding various languages, particularly Malay, enables clearer communication of ideas related to pornography, ensuring that the messages resonate effectively with the youth in their cultural context.

39) Writing:
Writing denotes the physical act of composing text or symbols to convey ideas. This study's writing aspect emphasizes the importance of knowledge dissemination regarding pornography. Effective writing ensures clarity of purpose and understanding, critical in educating and informing youth on sensitive topics surrounding sexuality and pornography exposure.

40) Quality:
Quality denotes the standard of something in terms of its ability to satisfy needs or requirements. In the context of this study, quality refers to the precision and applicability of the developed questionnaire assessing attitudes toward pornography. Ensuring high-quality measures is crucial for obtaining reliable and meaningful data from participants.

41) Bharu:
Bharu is a part of the name of a location, Kota Bharu, which is central to this study. The geographical context or setting influences cultural dynamics and attitudes regarding pornography. Recognizing local nuances contributes to understanding how geography affects behaviors, access, and attitudes surrounding sexuality among youth.

42) Kota:
Kota translates to 'city' or 'town' in Malay, referring to urban contexts where youth engage with various media, including pornography. In this study, identifying the urban settings is important for understanding the cultural influences and accessibility of pornography, significantly impacting youth behaviors and perceptions about sexuality.

43) Post:
Post refers to an update or entry, often used in the context of social media or professional communication. In this study, it may imply discussions or reflections after conducting the research. Engaging in post-analysis helps synthesize findings and ensures continuous improvement in the approach to educating youth about pornography.

44) Pir:
Peer refers to individuals of similar age or status, significantly impacting behavior and attitudes. In this study, understanding peer influence on youth attitudes towards pornography is essential, as friends can shape perceptions, encourage behaviors, and contribute to the social dynamics surrounding the discussions of sexuality among youth.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Malay Version of Pornography Attitudes Questionnaire for Youths’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Sexual activity, Moral value, Religious practice, Data collection, Literature review, Research study, Statistical analysis, Family background, Sex Education, Data analysis, Religious education, Cognitive domain, Cronbach's alpha, Sampling method, Psychometric properties, Content validity, Standard protocol, Statistical analyses, Self-administered questionnaire, Ethical approval, Expert meetings, Cognitive debriefing, Factor analysis, Research participants, Questionnaire Validation, Face Validity, Internal Consistency, Questionnaire Design, Content validation, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Validation, Data Validation, Questionnaire administration, High risk behaviour, Social Desirability Bias, Questionnaire, Socio-demographic information, Convenient sampling, Internal consistency reliability, Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, Self-reported measure, Data collection period, Questionnaire development, Bartlett's test, Consumption pattern, Confirmatory analysis, Questionnaire items.

Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.

Youth, Religiosity, Ambiguous terms, Family tie, Family relationship.

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