Interventions in Reducing Caesarean Section in the World: A Systematic Review
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Interventions in Reducing Caesarean Section in the World: A Systematic Review
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Farideh Moradi, Aidin Aryankhesal, Mohammad Heidari, Ali Soroush, Sara Rahimi Sadr
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Interventions in Reducing Caesarean Section in the World: A Systematic Review
Year: 2019 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.3
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The prevalence of caesarean sections without medical indication poses numerous challenges for families, medical personnel, and equipment, leading to potential side effects for both mothers and infants. This systematic review aims to assess various interventions worldwide designed to reduce unnecessary caesarean deliveries. By analyzing studies published from 2000 to 2018 through extensive databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, the research identifies effective strategies for encouraging natural childbirth and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Educational Interventions: Empowering Women and Families
One significant aspect of the interventions reviewed is the focus on educational strategies targeted at pregnant women and their families. Programs that encompass training sessions, informative materials, and sessions involving husbands have been shown to significantly influence the choice of childbirth method. Research indicated that providing knowledge on the advantages of natural childbirth and the risks associated with caesarean sections helps change perceptions and attitudes, ultimately reducing the likelihood of opting for surgical delivery. For instance, studies demonstrated that educational initiatives could empower women to choose natural childbirth instead of caesarean sections, fostering a supportive environment that encourages informed decision-making.
Conclusion
In conclusion, reducing the rate of non-medically indicated caesarean sections is achievable through a multifaceted approach highlighting the importance of educational interventions. This study underscores the necessity for healthcare authorities to implement comprehensive training programs aimed not only at pregnant women but also at their partners and healthcare professionals. Such strategies can effectively alter the preferences around childbirth, contributing positively to maternal and child health outcomes. Implementing these interventions stands to benefit families, healthcare systems, and society at large by promoting natural childbirth options whenever possible.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the main issues with unnecessary caesarean sections?
Caesarean sections without medical indication can lead to complications for mothers and infants, including infection, anesthesia-related problems, and respiratory issues in newborns. These complications can affect overall maternal and neonatal health negatively compared to natural childbirth.
What interventions were studied to reduce caesarean sections?
The study evaluated various interventions, such as training medical professionals and pregnant women, changing hospital guidelines, and promoting natural childbirth methods. Both educational and managerial strategies were found effective in altering physician behavior and influencing pregnant women's choices.
What is the recommended caesarean section rate according to WHO?
The World Health Organization recommends that the caesarean section rate should be between 10% to 15%. Rates exceeding this range suggest potential non-medical factors influencing the decision to perform surgical deliveries.
How does education impact women's choice of delivery method?
Education significantly influences pregnant women's preferences for delivery methods. Training programs increase awareness about the benefits of natural childbirth and complications associated with cesarean sections, consequently reducing the number of elective caesarean deliveries.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Interventions in Reducing Caesarean Section in the World: A Systematic Review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The word 'Studying' refers to the act of analyzing and gaining knowledge about specific topics, such as childbirth methods and related interventions. It is critical for researchers and healthcare providers to study trends, patient behaviors, and healthcare policies to develop effective strategies aimed at improving maternal health outcomes.
2) Pregnant:
'Pregnant' pertains to women who are carrying a developing fetus, primarily within the context of childbirth discussions. Understanding pregnancy is essential for healthcare strategies and interventions, as it directly influences maternal and neonatal health, informing decisions related to delivery methods, health education, and postnatal care to enhance outcomes for mothers and infants.
3) Training:
Training refers to the education and skill development provided to healthcare providers or pregnant women. It is crucial for imparting knowledge about various childbirth methods, including natural delivery and cesarean sections. Effective training programs can empower individuals, mitigate risks, and encourage healthier decisions, thereby reducing unnecessary medical interventions during childbirth.
4) Table:
'Table' often refers to a structured representation of data in research, summarizing findings and facilitating comparisons. In the context of this study, tables might include interventions, outcomes, and statistics, helping readers to visualize key information, draw insights, and make informed decisions based on the synthesized data presented within research findings.
5) Birth:
The term 'Birth' encompasses the process of delivering a baby and is a focal point in maternal health discussions. Understanding different modalities of birth, such as vaginal delivery and cesarean sections, is pivotal in public health settings. Emphasizing safe and efficient birth practices ensures better maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
6) Education:
'Education' signifies the systematic effort to impart knowledge, crucial for informed decision-making, especially in the context of pregnancy and childbirth. Through education, women can understand their options, benefits, and risks associated with delivery methods. Proper education programs can reduce the prevalence of unnecessary cesarean sections by promoting natural birth awareness.
7) Quality:
In the healthcare field, 'Quality' refers to the standard of services received by patients, including maternity care. The quality of care directly influences childbirth outcomes. Ensuring high-quality healthcare involves integrating evidence-based practices, training professionals, and adhering to guidelines, significantly affecting maternal and neonatal health and reducing avoidable cesarean rates.
8) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' encompasses the understanding and information possessed by individuals regarding childbirth practices. It is crucial in shaping the choices of pregnant women and healthcare providers. Increasing knowledge about natural birth benefits and the risks of cesarean sections can influence decision-making processes, leading to improved health outcomes and more informed childbirth choices.
9) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' refers to the application of systematic inquiry and evidence-based practices within healthcare. The scientific approach underpins research studies in obstetrics, guiding practitioners toward evidence-based interventions and policies that seek to optimize outcomes in maternal and neonatal health, particularly in reducing unnecessary cesarean sections.
10) Labour (Labor):
'Labour' is often used interchangeably with 'Labor' in discussing the childbirth process. It emphasizes the various stages and experiences of childbirth, which are essential to understand for providing appropriate medical support and interventions. Knowledge about labor dynamics can enhance maternal experiences and facilitate appropriate health interventions.
11) Cina:
'China' serves as a geographical context within the study of cesarean sections, representing a country with specific healthcare practices, policies, and maternity outcomes. Research findings from China can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of interventions and policies aimed at managing cesarean rates, alongside cultural influences impacting childbirth choices.
12) Performance:
'Performance' relates to the effectiveness and outcomes of interventions within healthcare settings. In examining strategies to reduce unnecessary cesarean sections, assessing healthcare providers' performance through metrics and feedback is vital for identifying areas of improvement and ensuring high standards of patient care in childbirth practices.
13) Discussion:
'Discussion' is a key element of research, providing an analytical evaluation of findings in relation to existing literature. It facilitates insights into the implications of study results, including the effectiveness of various interventions aimed at reducing cesarean sections, and how these findings can influence public health practices and policies.
14) Evolution:
In the healthcare context, 'Evolution' refers to the gradual development of medical practices, policies, and healthcare systems over time. Understanding the evolution of cesarean section rates highlights the impact of changing attitudes, interventions, and policies on maternal health outcomes, emphasizing the need for ongoing adjustments to improve healthcare delivery.
15) Family:
'Family' plays a critical role in reproductive health, influencing decisions regarding childbirth. The involvement of family members, particularly partners, can significantly affect women's choices around delivery methods. Education and support from families can foster increased awareness and cooperation in reducing unnecessary cesarean sections, promoting healthier birth experiences.
16) India:
'India' is notable in obstetric research, particularly concerning rates of caesarean sections. The cultural, economic, and healthcare factors unique to India provide essential insights into how interventions can be tailored to local contexts, which is crucial for effective public health policies aimed at improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.
17) Perception:
The term 'Perception' pertains to how individuals view and interpret childbirth options, notably in the context of cesarean sections and natural births. Understanding women's perceptions can inform targeted educational efforts, shaping their preferences, and fostering a more informed decision-making process regarding their childbirth choices and experiences.
18) Khani:
'Khani' refers to an author's contributions to the research findings within the context of this study. Individual studies led by researchers like Khani can shed light on specific factors impacting cesarean section rates in particular regions, providing valuable insights that contribute to the global understanding of childbirth practices.
19) Roman (Roma):
'Roman' may refer to a specific cultural or historical context when discussing childbirth practices. In the analysis of childbirth rates and interventions, understanding Roman influences or practices can provide localized insights that highlight variations in attitudes and healthcare approaches that have evolved across different societies over time.
20) Peng:
'Peng' references an author who contributed to research discussing specific statistical analyses and findings related to cesarean section rates. Such studies can inform broader discussions on healthcare practices and policies, impacting interventions aimed at reducing unnecessary medical procedures during childbirth by highlighting effective strategies and regional healthcare dynamics.
21) Post:
'Post' often pertains to the postnatal stage following childbirth, which is vital for understanding maternal recovery and infant care. Researching postnatal practices enables healthcare providers to offer comprehensive support to mothers and infants, highlighting the significance of follow-up care in promoting overall maternal and neonatal health.
22) Cai (Caí):
'Chai' references an author associated with studies addressing healthcare practices in reducing cesarean rates. Research attributed to Chai may contribute insights into methods for managing birthing processes and highlight the importance of systematic interventions in improving childbirth outcomes, particularly within specific regional contexts like China.
23) Medicine:
'Medicine' encompasses the field of healthcare focused on diagnosing and treating medical conditions. In the context of childbirth, advancements in medicine help in determining the most appropriate birth methods to improve outcomes for mothers and infants, guiding clinical practices that emphasize evidence-based interventions and patient safety.
24) Gujarat:
'Gujarat' is a specific region in India referenced in examining healthcare practices, policies, or findings related to cesarean sections. Regional studies, such as those in Gujarat, provide insights into regional healthcare practices, cultural attitudes towards childbirth, and specific interventions that inform public health strategies tailored to local needs.
25) Raising:
'Raising' refers to the act of increasing awareness, knowledge, or standards related to childbirth practices. Efforts aimed at raising awareness among pregnant women and healthcare providers about the importance of informed choices in delivery methods can foster positive health outcomes by empowering individuals to advocate for safer childbirth practices.
26) Salina (Shalina):
'Salina' may refer to a specific research entity or relevant context linked to healthcare studies. Exploring research published under the Salina name can yield insights into local practices, policies, and interventions aimed at reducing cesarean sections, thereby enhancing understanding of the regional influences on childbirth outcomes.
27) Cancer:
'Cancer' serves as a contrasting medical topic that may arise in public health discussions. While seemingly unrelated to childbirth, cancer awareness and treatment can influence maternal health by affecting women's health choices, risk perceptions, and decisions regarding pursuing family planning or undergoing medical interventions during pregnancy.
28) Reason:
'Reason' refers to the underlying motivations or justifications for choosing specific childbirth methods. Understanding women’s reasons for selecting cesarean over natural birth informs healthcare providers in tailoring education and support resources to address concerns and promote informed decision-making for healthier maternal and neonatal outcomes.
29) Medium:
'Medium' often relates to the means or method through which healthcare messages and education are conveyed. In maternal health, effectively utilizing various mediums—such as workshops, pamphlets, or digital platforms—can enhance the dissemination of information regarding childbirth options, fostering informed discussions and positive health outcomes.
30) Diwan:
'Diwan' links to an author contributing research about significant healthcare practices within the field of obstetrics. The works associated with Diwan can contribute valuable insights into effective strategies for reducing unnecessary cesarean sections and enhancing maternal healthcare practices informed by rigorous research and regional analysis.
31) Rules:
'Rules' refer to the guidelines and protocols established for clinical practice and decision-making in healthcare. In obstetrics, adherence to rules regarding cesarean section indications can significantly impact maternal and neonatal health outcomes, guiding practitioners toward safer, evidence-based practices that prioritize patient welfare.
32) Field:
'Field' relates to a specific area of study or practice, in this case, obstetrics and maternal health. Understanding developments within this field—including practices around childbirth—enables healthcare practitioners and policymakers to implement targeted interventions that address contemporary issues and improve healthcare delivery quality effectively.
33) Shosha (Sosa):
'Sosa' corresponds to an author or contributor within the research space examining childbirth and cesarean section rates. The findings published by Sosa could provide essential insights influencing maternal health policies and practices, linking research to actionable strategies aimed at recalibrating healthcare services in childbirth domains.
34) Fear:
'Fear' indicates the emotions or anxieties pregnant women may experience regarding childbirth. Addressing fears surrounding labor and delivery is vital in maternal health education, as alleviating such concerns through effective communication can encourage more women to choose natural childbirth and reduce unnecessary cesarean sections.
35) Line:
In healthcare discussions, 'Line' may refer to boundaries or criteria for medical procedures, particularly relating to childbirth methods. Establishing clear lines based on evidence can aid practitioners in making informed decisions, reducing ambiguity around cesarean indications, and improving patient communication about delivery choices.
36) Announcement:
'Announcement' pertains to the communication of significant health findings or changes in protocols regarding cesarean sections and childbirth practices. Effective announcements in healthcare settings ensure timely dissemination of important information to relevant stakeholders, thereby facilitating necessary adjustments to care and enhancing maternal health outcomes.
37) Developing:
'Developing' relates to countries or regions that face unique real-world challenges in healthcare, including high cesarean rates. Understanding developing contexts helps tailor interventions and policies to address specific challenges faced in maternal healthcare, ensuring that solutions are practical and culturally sensitive to improve childbirth outcomes.
38) Depression:
'Depression' stands out as a mental health condition that may influence a pregnant woman's choices surrounding childbirth. Awareness about how mental health issues can affect decision-making regarding birth methods is essential for healthcare providers in delivering comprehensive maternal care that encompasses both physical and psychological well-being.
39) Vomiting:
'Vomiting' is a common symptom experienced during pregnancy; while not directly linked to childbirth methods, it can represent underlying health issues or complications. Understanding such symptoms is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure comprehensive prenatal care, emphasizing proactive health monitoring to support healthy pregnancy outcomes.
40) Dividing:
'Dividing' refers to the act of categorizing or classifying data and findings in research. In obstetrics, effectively dividing findings by relevant factors can lead to clearer insights into cesarean section rates, enabling targeted interventions that address specific population needs or deficiencies in care.
41) Learning:
'Learning' encompasses the process through which individuals acquire knowledge about childbirth options and procedures. Promoting a culture of continuous learning among healthcare providers and pregnant women is essential for fostering informed decision-making, which can directly impact cesarean rates and maternal health outcomes.
42) Relative:
'Relative' pertains to comparisons within the context of childbirth methods. Understanding the relative benefits and risks associated with cesarean sections versus natural births is vital for healthcare providers to adequately inform pregnant women, enabling them to make more informed choices concerning their delivery options.
43) Cutting:
'Cutting' signifies surgical action inherent in cesarean sections, invoking critical discussions about the necessity and implications of such procedures. Analyzing the reasons leading to cutting interventions can inform practices aimed at reducing unnecessary surgical deliveries and promoting safer, medically justified childbirth methods.
44) Meeting:
'Meeting' can indicate collaborative discussions among healthcare providers regarding childbirth practices. Regular meetings focused on data analysis and performance feedback can enhance strategic decision-making within healthcare facilities, driving collective efforts toward reducing cesarean section rates and improving overall maternal and neonatal healthcare standards.
45) Anxiety:
'Anxiety' represents the emotional discomfort that expectant mothers may feel regarding the birthing process. Addressing anxiety through education and support can lead to higher rates of natural childbirth, encouraging women to engage positively with the labor process and contributing to decreased rates of unnecessary cesarean sections.
46) Indian:
'Indian' references individuals or cultural contexts specific to India, providing insights into maternal healthcare practices unique to that region. Understanding cultural perspectives, health beliefs, and local health policies are essential when researching cesarean section rates and developing effective, tailored interventions for improved maternal outcomes.
47) Desire:
'Desire' pertains to the preferences or wishes of pregnant women concerning their childbirth method. Recognizing women’s desires can inform healthcare strategies, shaping educational initiatives and providing personalized support that aligns with patients’ preferences, ultimately aiming to promote natural childbirth while reducing caesarean section requests.
48) Money:
The term 'Money' highlights financial considerations affecting healthcare decisions, particularly in maternal care. Financial aspects, such as costs associated with childbirth methods, can motivate decisions around cesarean sections versus vaginal deliveries. Addressing the economic element in healthcare policies can enhance access to preferred maternity services without unnecessary financial burden.
49) Blood:
'Blood' is a vital element in the context of childbirth, representing health status before, during, and after delivery. Monitoring blood transfusions and overall maternal blood health can greatly influence cesarean section rates when addressing potential complications. Understanding blood-related issues allows better planning for safe delivery methods and practices.
50) Fish:
'Fish' may refer metaphorically to specific analytical methods used in healthcare research, such as the 'fishbone diagram' employed in quality control to identify issues contributing to high cesarean rates. Such analysis underscores the necessity of comprehensive data analysis in recognizing effective interventions for promoting healthier childbirth practices.
51) Wall:
'Wall' can symbolize barriers faced by women seeking safe childbirth, encapsulating societal, financial, or institutional challenges. Addressing these barriers through healthcare reforms is essential for improving access to necessary services aimed at minimizing unnecessary cesarean sections and promoting safe, supportive environments for natural childbirth.
52) Pain:
'Pain' is a critical consideration during childbirth, influencing women's choices surrounding their delivery methods. Discussions surrounding pain management in childbirth, including options for epidurals or natural methods, must be addressed to support informed decision-making, aiming to reduce the prevalence of avoidable cesarean sections by managing pain effectively.
53) Pur:
'Poor' signifies socioeconomic challenges that may affect access to quality healthcare, particularly in maternal care contexts. Understanding the implications of poverty on women’s healthcare decisions is essential for developing inclusive programs that address inequalities, ensuring that all women receive adequate support for safe childbirth without unnecessary surgical interventions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Interventions in Reducing Caesarean Section in the World: A Systematic Review’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Conclusion, Pregnant women, Pregnancy, Research methodology, Financial support, Clinical examination, Educational programme, Cesarean Section, Statistical analysis, Control group, Prenatal care, Maternity ward, Developing countries, Developed countries, Inclusion criteria, Exclusion criteria, Sample size, Clinical trial, World Health Organization, Multivariate analysis, Experimental study, Study design, Interventional study, Socioeconomic factors, Interventional strategy, Systematic Review, Retrospective study, Patient-centered care, Maternal health, Interventional studies, Gestational age, Intervention group, Grey literature, Network meta-analysis, Vaginal delivery, Neonatal resuscitation, Controlled clinical trial, Cesarean delivery, Neonatal mortality, Maternal education, Maternal mortality, Institutional intervention, Maternal age, Financial incentives, Health center, Wilcoxon Test, Caesarean section, Health System, Epidural anesthesia, Postpartum haemorrhage, Family physician, Private hospital, Health care team, Analysis method, Case group, Logistic regression, Search strategy, Educational intervention, Elective cesarean section, Educational strategy, Health literacy, Health belief model, Perceived severity, Six Sigma, Clinical Audit, Gestational age at delivery, Labor and Delivery, Cesarean section rate, Maternal request, Birth Outcomes, Healthcare outcomes, Diabetes screening, Retrospective Studies, Study type, Delivery method, Health sector, Post operative complication, Natural childbirth, Training session, Policy interventions, Educational pamphlets, Perceived benefit, Health impact assessment, Important result, Lean Six Sigma, Public hospital.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.
Birth, Midwife, Second opinion.