Planimetric and Biomechanical Study of Pulegone on Rat Wounds
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Planimetric and Biomechanical Study of Local Effect of Pulegone on Full Thickness Wound Healing in Rat
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Zahra Cheraghali, Rahim Mohammadi, Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Planimetric and Biomechanical Study of Local Effect of Pulegone on Full Thickness Wound Healing in Rat
Year: 2017 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.6
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving the restoration of tissue integrity and functionality after injury. Various treatments, including the use of natural phytomedicines, have been utilized to enhance healing. This study focused on evaluating the wound healing properties of pulegone, a monoterpene ketone found in essential oils like those from Mentha pulegium and Nepeta cataria. Previous research has indicated that pulegone possesses anti-bacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential efficacy in wound healing.
The Impact of Pulegone on Wound Healing
The study employed excisional and incisional wound models using male Wistar rats to assess the healing effects of different concentrations of pulegone. Results showed that rats treated with a 0.5% pulegone ointment (E2 group) experienced significant wound contraction and earlier closure times compared to other groups, including controls and treatments with lower or higher concentrations. Key biochemical indicators such as hydroxyproline content—an essential component of collagen—were significantly elevated in the E2 group, indicating enhanced collagen deposition. Additionally, the biomechanical parameters assessed at the end of the study showed that the E2 group had superior strength and resilience compared to the other experimental groups, reinforcing the hypothesis that appropriate doses of pulegone can effectively promote wound healing.
Conclusion
This study concluded that pulegone has significant wound healing potential when applied topically in a controlled manner in a rat model. The findings indicate that a 0.5% concentration of pulegone offers optimal results in promoting wound contraction, collagen synthesis, and mechanical strength of healing tissues. Despite the promising results, further research is necessary to explore the potential toxicity of higher doses and the underlying histological and molecular mechanisms responsible for its therapeutic effects. Such studies could pave the way for the development of effective, plant-based wound healing treatments in clinical practice.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main goal of the study on pulegone?
The study aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of pulegone, the principal component of essential oil, in a rat model. It assessed the effectiveness through different wound healing models and various biochemical analyses.
What methods were used to assess wound healing in rats?
Forty male Wistar rats were utilized in excisional and incisional wound healing models. They were divided into five groups, and researchers measured wound size, hydroxyproline content, and conducted biomechanical testing to evaluate healing efficacy.
What were the significant findings regarding hydroxyproline content?
The hydroxyproline content was significantly higher in the E2 group, with levels of 86.32 mg g−1. This implies increased collagen deposition compared to other experimental groups, indicating better wound healing activity.
What conclusions were made about pulegone's effectiveness?
The study concluded that pulegone exhibited considerable wound healing potential in rats, but further research is necessary to explore its effectiveness and optimize dosing due to potential toxicity.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Planimetric and Biomechanical Study of Pulegone on Rat Wounds”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table is a systematic arrangement of data, usually in rows and columns, facilitating quick reference and comparison. In scientific studies, tables are essential for summarizing numerical results clearly, such as wound healing measurements or hydroxyproline levels, allowing researchers to convey complex information concisely and efficiently.
2) Activity:
Activity refers to the functional behavior or performance of an organism, often used in biological or pharmacological contexts. In studies evaluating the effectiveness of substances like pulegone, measuring the activity in terms of healing rates or biochemical responses helps determine the compound's efficacy and underlying mechanisms in promoting wound repair.
3) Animal:
Animal studies are vital in biomedical research as they allow for in vivo exploration of biological responses and treatment effects. In this context, male Wistar rats were used to evaluate the wound healing effects of pulegone, providing insights into its pharmacodynamics and translational potential for human medicine.
4) Study (Studying):
A study is a detailed examination and analysis of a subject or question, often involving experimental methods to test hypotheses. In the context of the provided text, the study evaluates the wound healing properties of pulegone, contributing to the understanding of its therapeutic applications in medicine.
5) Toxicity:
Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can harm organisms. Evaluating the toxicity of pulegone through various doses in this study is crucial to ensure safety and determine the potential side effects, establishing a balance between therapeutic benefits and adverse consequences in biological applications.
6) Sign:
A sign in scientific research often refers to an indicator or observable effect resulting from an experimental intervention. In this study, significant signs of improvement in wound healing are discussed, showcasing how specific treatments can lead to measurable benefits in biological responses like contraction and collagen deposition.
7) Sam (Sham):
Sham procedures are control interventions in experimental studies that mimic the actual treatment without delivering the therapeutic effect. This approach is used to eliminate psychological and environmental variables, ensuring that any observed effects of pulegone on wound healing are genuinely attributable to the compound and not due to anticipation.
8) Food:
Food plays a critical role in biological studies, influencing the health, growth, and responses of test subjects. In the context of the animal study, proper nutrition ensures that the Wistar rats maintain their health and baseline physiological states, allowing for accurate assessment of the effects of the interventions being tested.
9) Post:
The term 'post' refers to the time following a particular event or intervention. In wound healing studies, post-operative evaluations are essential for tracking recovery, assessing the effects of treatment over time, and understanding the rates of healing and tissue repair relative to the initial injury.
10) Male:
Male subjects are often used in preclinical studies to control biological variability related to sex, as hormones may influence the outcomes of the research. In this study using male Wistar rats, consistent results are aimed for evaluating the specific impacts of pulegone on wound healing without gender-related effects.
11) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a crucial biological response to injury or infection, involving the immune system's activation. Understanding inflammation's role helps elucidate how compounds like pulegone may exert anti-inflammatory effects, potentially enhancing healing by reducing harmful responses and promoting tissue regeneration during wound repair processes.
12) Stiffness:
Stiffness refers to a material's resistance to deformation and is an important biomechanical property in wound healing contexts. By measuring stiffness in healed tissues from treated rats, researchers can infer the quality and structural integrity of the repaired skin, linking it to functional recovery post-injury.
13) Incision:
An incision is a cut made in the skin or tissue during surgical procedures to create a wound. This method is critical in research studies as it provides a controlled model for assessing healing processes and the effects of treatments on tissue response and recovery in vivo.
14) Quality:
Quality in scientific terms often refers to the effectiveness and reliability of a treatment's outcome. In the context of this study, assessing the quality of wound healing relates to parameters like strength, collagen content, and overall tissue integrity, ensuring that the effects of treatments are beneficial and sustainable.
15) Rules:
Rules in scientific research pertain to the guidelines and protocols followed to ensure the validity and reliability of experimental data. Compliance with established rules and ethical standards is essential in studying animal models to maintain integrity and achieve generalizable results in pharmacological studies.
16) Drug:
A drug is a substance that alters physiological functions when administered, often used for therapeutic purposes. The study of pulegone as a potential drug for wound healing examines its effects on biological processes and pathways involved in tissue repair, contributing to the development of new therapeutic agents.
17) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study and application of drugs and their effects on living organisms. In this context, the pharmacological evaluation of pulegone explores its mechanisms of action and therapeutic advantages in enhancing wound healing, aiming to establish safe and effective treatments for injuries.
18) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial is synonymous with anti-bacterial, indicating the ability of a substance to fight bacterial infections. The exploration of pulegone's antibacterial properties is relevant to its use in wound healing, ensuring that treated areas remain free from microbial contamination and can heal effectively.
19) Observation:
Observation in scientific studies involves systematic recording of phenomena to gather data crucial for analysis. In this study, regular observation of wound healing progress in animal models provides valuable insights into the efficacy of treatments applied and their impact on recovery timelines and outcomes.
20) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses a broad field involving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The exploration of natural compounds like pulegone in medical research highlights the importance of developing alternative therapeutic options to enhance healing processes and improve patient outcomes in clinical settings.
21) Species:
Species refers to distinct biological classification groups that share common characteristics. In this study, the use of Wistar rats as a model species is significant due to their biological and genetic uniformity, making them suitable for conducting controlled experiments related to wound healing and therapeutic efficacy.
22) Repair:
Repair denotes the process of restoring damaged tissues or structures to health. In the context of wound healing, efficient repair mechanisms are critical to returning tissue to its original function. The study evaluated how pulegone enhances this repair process, impacting collagen synthesis and remodeling.
23) Gupta:
Gupta is likely a reference to the author of this study, indicating involvement in research dedicated to understanding the therapeutic effects of compounds like pulegone. Author contributions highlight collaboration and the need for diverse expertise in studying complex biological processes related to wound healing.
24) Maham:
Maham appears to refer to another author involved in the research, emphasizing collaborative efforts in the study. Co-authors provide essential perspectives and expertise, enhancing the credibility of research findings related to the effects of pulegone on wound healing mechanisms and outcomes.
25) Nayak:
Nayak is likely another contributing author to the study, reflecting a team effort in exploring the applications of pulegone. Individual contributions from various researchers foster comprehensive investigations into therapeutic interventions, supporting advancements in understanding the complexities of wound healing and related pharmacological effects.
26) Water:
Water is fundamental for life and plays vital roles in biological processes. In animal studies, proper hydration is essential for maintaining health, aiding in metabolic functions, and ensuring accurate assessments of treatment effects regarding hydration's influence on tissue regeneration and recovery after injury.
27) Honey:
Honey has historical significance in medicine due to its healing properties and antibacterial effects. Its mention may relate to traditional remedies or comparative analyses within wound healing studies, highlighting the interest in natural substances that can supplement healing processes and offer therapeutic options.
28) Death:
Death in the context of animal studies typically pertains to the outcomes related to toxicity or severe adverse effects from treatments. Monitoring mortality helps assess the safety profiles of compounds like pulegone, contributing to an understanding of the risk-benefit ratio of potential therapeutic applications.
29) Bang:
Bang may reference an author of the study, indicating their contribution to the research project. Collaborative efforts from various researchers result in a thorough analysis of compound effects on wound healing, demonstrating the importance of multi-disciplinary approaches in biomedical research.
30) Rice (Rce):
Rice likely refers to an author involved in the study, underscoring the collaborative nature of scientific research. The interplay of different expertises enhances the validity and richness of the study, particularly in exploring the effects of natural compounds like pulegone on biological processes.
31) Cage:
Cages provide necessary housing for laboratory animals during studies. Proper cage conditions are vital for ensuring the health and normal behavior of animals, minimizing stress and external variability, which is crucial when evaluating the effects of experimental treatments like pulegone in wound healing models.
32) Agriculture:
Agriculture is significant in supplying natural resources for research, particularly in pharmacognosy, where plant-derived compounds are investigated for therapeutic properties. The connection between agricultural practices and the sourcing of medicinal plants emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices in facilitating biopharmaceutical developments.
33) Discussion:
Discussion sections in research synthesize findings and contextualize results within existing literature. This section is crucial for highlighting implications, limitations, and future research directions, ensuring that advancements in understanding compounds like pulegone contribute to broader knowledge in pharmacological and medical fields.
34) Knowledge:
Knowledge in scientific research represents accumulated understanding and insights generated through studies. The sharing of knowledge enhances collective expertise and drives innovation in therapeutic development, particularly for wound healing treatments explored in research involving compounds like pulegone, contributing to advancements in medicine.
35) Fragrance:
Fragrance often pertains to the smell associated with essential oils and other compounds. While not the primary focus of wound healing studies, understanding the olfactory properties of substances like pulegone may hold relevance in therapeutic contexts, particularly in aromatherapy and holistic healing practices.
36) Dressing:
Dressing refers to covering a wound to protect it from infection and facilitate healing. In studies of wound healing, evaluating the effectiveness of different dressings in conjunction with therapeutic agents like pulegone is crucial for understanding comprehensive care approaches to enhance recovery.
37) Cutting:
Cutting is the act of making incisions or lacerations. In experimental research, cutting is performed to create controlled wounds for assessing healing processes. Understanding the response to such injuries is essential for evaluating treatments and therapeutic potencies in wound healing studies.
38) Disease:
Disease denotes any deviation from normal physiological function, often impacting healing processes. Understanding the relationship between diseases and wound healing responses is essential in evaluating compounds like pulegone, particularly regarding potential therapeutic interventions that enhance healing in diseased tissues.
39) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses the systematic study of the natural world, applying observations, experiments, and analysis to understand phenomena. The scientific approach in this study regarding pulegone's effects on wound healing reinforces its importance in developing and validating new therapeutic agents in medicine.
40) Reason:
Reason indicates the rationale behind choices made in experimental design or intervention methods. In this study of pulegone, understanding the reasons for specific methodologies enhances clarity and justification for the intended outcomes, ensuring that research provides valuable insights into therapeutic applications.
41) Killing (Killed):
Killed in the context of animal studies refers to the humane euthanasia or endpoint for subjects after sufficient data collection is completed. This process is essential for ethical compliance within research protocols, ensuring that results can be analyzed effectively while maintaining respect for animal welfare.
42) House:
House typically pertains to the physical environment in which animals are housed during experiments. Proper housing conditions are crucial for maintaining the health, welfare, and natural behavior of animals, ensuring reliable and valid outcomes in studies evaluating the therapeutic effects of treatments.
43) Diet:
Diet refers to the food intake of subjects in research contexts. A balanced and controlled diet is essential for maintaining normal physiological conditions in animal studies, enabling accurate evaluation of treatment effects like those of pulegone on parameters such as wound healing and recovery.
44) Line:
Line can refer to a lineage of organisms used in research, indicating a specific strain or genetic background. In the context of this study, utilizing a standardized line like Wistar rats ensures consistency and reliability in experimental results related to pharmacological investigations.
45) Pain:
Pain refers to the physiological response signaling injury or harm, crucial in evaluating treatment effects. Understanding how substances like pulegone may influence pain responses associated with injury can inform their potential applications in clinical settings, particularly regarding wound management and recovery.
46) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn denotes a specific type of injury resulting from exposure to heat, chemicals, or electricity, which can complicate healing. The study of wound healing is relevant here, as compounds like pulegone may offer protective or regenerative effects to enhance healing processes for burned tissues.
47) Pur:
Poor can denote suboptimal or undesirable conditions, often pertaining to health or recovery outcomes. In the study context, addressing poor healing responses or adverse effects of treatments emphasizes the need for advancements in therapeutic approaches to improve recovery and wound management.
48) Life:
Life represents the biological and physiological processes inherent to living organisms. In the context of this study, exploring compounds that enhance life-sustaining processes like wound healing is crucial, underlining the importance of therapeutic interventions in promoting health and recovery.