Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and Abdominal Tuberculosis.
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in association with Abdominal Tuberculosis: An Eye Opener
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:
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Shuchi Bhatt, Biswajit Mishra, Anupama Tandon, Smita Manchanda, G Parthsarathy
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in association with Abdominal Tuberculosis: An Eye Opener
Year: 2017 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.3.12
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition that results in acute or chronic upper gastrointestinal obstruction, primarily caused by compression of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. This compression is often due to a decreased angle between these two vessels, which can happen when there is rapid loss of retroperitoneal fat, typically seen in instances of significant weight loss. In this case report, the association of SMAS with abdominal tuberculosis is highlighted, a combination that has not been previously documented.
SMAS in the Context of Abdominal Tuberculosis
The case examined involves a 22-year-old female patient who presented with typical symptoms such as abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting following significant weight loss due to abdominal tuberculosis. Diagnostic imaging, including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), confirmed the presence of SMAS by showing a decreased aorto-mesenteric angle and compression of the duodenum. Treatment was conservative, involving anti-tubercular medication and dietary modifications, which yielded positive outcomes, including weight gain and alleviation of obstructive symptoms. This case exemplifies how underlying conditions, such as abdominal tuberculosis, can lead to the development of SMAS, and emphasizes the importance of timely imaging and diagnosis.
Conclusion
The connection between abdominal tuberculosis and SMAS underscores the complexity of gastrointestinal disorders and the necessity for awareness in clinical practice. Given the rarity of SMAS, especially its presentation alongside other conditions such as tuberculosis, medical professionals must maintain a high index of suspicion. This case not only broadens the understanding of SMAS but also highlights the potential for successful management through conservative treatment, thereby enhancing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in similar clinical scenarios.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS)?
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by compression of the duodenum due to a decrease in the angle between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, leading to gastrointestinal obstruction.
What are the symptoms of SMAS in patients?
Common symptoms of SMAS include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, postprandial fullness, and weight loss. These result from the obstruction of the duodenum, hindering normal digestion.
How is SMAS diagnosed using imaging techniques?
SMAS is diagnosed through imaging such as barium studies and contrast-enhanced CT scans, which reveal reduced aorto-mesenteric angles and distances indicating duodenal compression.
What treatment options are available for SMAS?
Treatment is typically conservative, including dietary changes, small frequent meals, and possibly medications. Surgical options may be considered if conservative methods fail.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and Abdominal Tuberculosis.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also involve other organs, including the abdomen. In the case presented, the patient's diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis associated with Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) illustrates how TB can lead to gastrointestinal complications due to inflammation and lymphadenopathy.
2) Table:
In medical literature, tables often present data in a clear and organized manner. They summarize findings, such as demographics and treatment outcomes, allowing for quick reference. Although a physical table is not mentioned in the document, the term may refer to data presentation conventions within research articles.
3) Bombay:
Bombay, known as Mumbai, is a significant city in India. The references to the Bombay Hospital Journal highlight the local contributions to medical research, specifically regarding conditions like Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and its relationship with tuberculosis, emphasizing regional medical practices and studies.
4) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a common symptom in patients with gastrointestinal obstructions, such as SMAS, as illustrated in the case report. It can lead to dehydration and malnutrition, complicating the patient's health status. The management addresses vomiting to prevent further GI distress and support recovery during treatment for associated tuberculosis.
5) Patel:
Patel is a common surname in India, possibly representing one of the contributors to the case study. The inclusion of author names signifies collaborative efforts in medical research. Involving diverse professionals for case documentation ensures comprehensive analyses and insights into rare conditions like tuberculosis-induced SMAS.
6) Study (Studying):
A study in medical terms often refers to systematic research or investigation aimed at discovering new information or validating existing knowledge. This case report contributes to the body of evidence regarding the rare occurrence of SMAS in conjunction with tuberculosis, emphasizing the need for further investigation in atypical presentations.
7) Akta:
Akta may refer to a specific author or researcher in the case study contributing to the findings. Including numerous authors in medical publications emphasizes collaboration among specialists, fostering comprehensive research and knowledge sharing, which enhances understanding of complex clinical conditions such as SMAS and tuberculosis.
8) Pain:
Pain, particularly abdominal pain, is a significant symptom experienced by patients with gastrointestinal disorders. In the case report, the patient's complaints of vague abdominal pain highlight the complexities of diagnosing conditions like SMAS, which can complicate the clinical picture due to overlapping symptoms from tuberculosis.
9) Post:
In medical contexts, 'post' often pertains to conditions or actions following a specific event, such as 'postprandial' symptoms that arise after eating. In the case report, the mention of 'postprandial heaviness' provides critical insight into the obstructive nature of SMAS and its impact on patients' daily lives.
10) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition is a condition resulting from inadequate nutrient intake, often leading to severe health consequences. In the case study, the patient's significant weight loss and resulting malnutrition due to persistent vomiting reflect the complexities that arise in conditions such as SMAS associated with tuberculosis, impacting treatment and recovery.
11) Measurement:
Measurement in a medical context refers to the quantification of clinical parameters, such as the aorto-mesenteric angle and distance in diagnosing SMAS. Accurate imaging diagnosis is crucial for determining treatment approaches, highlighting the importance of standardized measurement protocols in clinical practice based on imaging studies.
12) Discussion:
Discussion sections in research articles provide an opportunity to interpret findings, compare them to existing literature, and propose future research directions. The discussion in this case report emphasizes the unique relationship between abdominal tuberculosis and SMAS, underlining the need for more awareness and exploration of these rare complications.
13) Knowledge:
Knowledge in medicine encompasses the understanding and expertise gained through study and experience. This case report contributes to medical knowledge about the association between SMAS and tuberculosis, highlighting the importance of continuous research to enhance understanding of rare clinical conditions and their interrelationships.
14) Nausea:
Nausea is a common gastrointestinal symptom often experienced alongside vomiting and pain in patients with conditions like SMAS. In the case presented, nausea is highlighted as part of the obstructive symptomatology, reinforcing the importance of addressing these symptoms in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.
15) Fever:
Fever is frequently associated with infections, including tuberculosis. The patient in the study experienced mild intermittent fever which may have indicated the presence of an underlying infection. This symptom is crucial for diagnosis and management, as it helps clinicians determine the appropriate treatment for the underlying condition.
16) Blood:
Blood tests provide essential information regarding a patient’s health status, such as hemoglobin levels and inflammation indicators. The case report mentioned blood examination results, which are vital for diagnosing conditions like tuberculosis and monitoring the overall health of a patient suffering from gastrointestinal obstructions.
17) Food:
Food intake is significantly impacted in patients with gastrointestinal obstructions such as SMAS. The case highlights postprandial symptoms indicating that food leads to distress in patients, exacerbating their condition. Nutrition management plays a crucial role in the recovery process for these patients.
18) Diet:
Diet refers to the types of food consumed and is central to the management of patients with gastrointestinal disorders. In the case, a high-caloric and protein-rich diet was advised to support recovery from malnutrition due to the obstructive symptoms of SMAS and the underlying tuberculosis.
19) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn refers to tissue damage resulting from exposure to heat, chemicals, or radiation. In relation to SMAS, conditions such as burn could lead to significant catabolic stress and weight loss, potentially contributing to the development of SMAS by altering body composition and increasing risk of gastrointestinal issues.
20) Drug:
Drugs, particularly anti-tubercular medications, are essential in managing infections like tuberculosis. The case report illustrates the significance of pharmacological treatment in addressing the underlying cause of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in SMAS associated with tuberculosis, emphasizing the role of medications in effective patient management.
Other Health Sciences Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and Abdominal Tuberculosis.’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Cause, Obstruction, Study, Third part, Treatment, Distance, Acute or chronic, Surgical intervention, Abdominal pain, Anemia, Symptoms, Abdomen, Diagnosis, Patient, Clinical diagnosis, Weight gain, Surgical Procedure, Conservative treatment, Chest X-ray, Weight loss, Diagnostic value, Abdominal aorta, Medical management, High Caloric Diet, CT abdomen, Anorexia nervosa, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Obstructive symptoms, Superior mesenteric artery, Abdominal ultrasound, Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, Aorto-mesenteric angle, Routine Blood Examination, Mild tenderness, Laryngoscopy, Barium studies, Abdominal tuberculosis, Prokinetic drugs, Early satiety, Angle, Duodenum, Normal limit, Appropriate treatment, Non-response, Aorta, Patient was, Clinician.