Cannabis-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats: Nigella Sativa's Benefits

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Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Cannabis-induced Moto-Cognitive Dysfunction in Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Efficacy of Nigella Sativa
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Aminu Imam, Moyosore Saliu Ajao, Abdulbasit Amin, Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed, Abdulmumin Ibrahim, Olayemi Joseph Olajide, Musa Iyiola Ajibola, Abdulmusawir Alli-Oluwafuyi, Wasiu Gbolahan Balogun


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Cannabis-induced Moto-Cognitive Dysfunction in Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Efficacy of Nigella Sativa

Year: 2016 | Doi: 10.21315/mjms2016.23.5.3

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Cannabis is a prevalent illicit substance known for various psychological effects, including memory impairment and heightened anxiety. The primary psychoactive component, Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), interacts with cannabinoid receptors in the brain, leading to significant alterations in function and mood. Concurrently, Nigella sativa, also known as black seed, has demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits across various neurological conditions. The current study explores the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) against cognitive deficits induced by cannabis, using rodent models to analyze memory, anxiety, and brain histology.

Efficacy of Nigella Sativa Oil in Cognitive Restoration

The experimental findings indicate that cannabis exposure leads to notable impairments in both long-term and short-term memory among rats, akin to those observed with scopolamine-induced cognitive decline. However, administering NSO significantly mitigated these cognitive deficits. Rats treated with NSO showed a marked improvement in escape latency during the Morris water maze test, demonstrating enhanced spatial memory capabilities compared to those exposed solely to cannabis. Furthermore, histopathological examinations revealed that NSO treatment improved neuronal health, suggesting that NSO might stabilize or restore synaptic connections affected by cannabis exposure. This underscores the potential of NSO as a promising agent for cognitive restoration.

Conclusion

The study establishes a clear link between cannabis-induced cognitive impairment and the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa oil. The reported ameliorative effects of NSO on cognitive dysfunction, along with the observed histological improvements in brain structure, suggest its utility in addressing the adverse impacts of cannabis use. As cannabis consumption continues to rise among various demographics, the findings promote further investigation into NSO's role as a viable option in mitigating the psychological and cognitive effects associated with cannabis toxicity.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the objective of the study on Nigella sativa oil?

The study aims to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa oil on cognitive and motor defects induced by cannabis use, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits for mitigating memory impairments and related neurological dysfunctions.

How was cognitive impairment induced in the study's animal models?

Cognitive impairment was induced using scopolamine to create a dementia model, alongside administering cannabis to assess the neurobehavioral effects, reinforcing the patterns of memory and anxiety deficits observed.

What tests were used to evaluate the rats' cognitive function?

The study utilized the Morris water maze to assess spatial memory, along with the elevated plus maze for anxiety-like behavior and open field tests for locomotor activity, providing comprehensive evaluations of cognitive function.

What are the benefits of Nigella sativa oil observed in the study?

Nigella sativa oil demonstrated significant ameliorative effects on cannabis-induced cognitive deficits, improving memory latency, reducing anxiety-like behaviors, and positively impacting the histological structure of brain regions affected by cannabis exposure.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Cannabis-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats: Nigella Sativa's Benefits”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Cannabis:
Cannabis refers to a plant that has psychoactive properties, primarily due to its active compound, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It is widely discussed in the context of drugs, psychology, and psychiatry, especially related to its potential as both a therapeutic agent and a substance of abuse. Understanding its effects is crucial in neuroscience and public health.

2) Study (Studying):
Study denotes a systematic investigation to establish facts, principles, or explore phenomena. In scientific contexts, this involves hypothesis testing, data collection, and analysis. It plays a vital role in advancing knowledge across disciplines like psychology, medicine, and pharmacology, driving evidence-based practices and informing public health policies.

3) Drug:
A drug refers to any substance that causes a change in biological function through its chemical actions. Drugs can be medicinal or recreational. Understanding their effects, both therapeutic and adverse, is important for healthcare, legislation, and research, especially in the contexts of addiction, treatment, and public safety.

4) Animal:
Animal refers to living organisms in the kingdom Animalia, which are used extensively in biomedical research. The use of animal models helps researchers understand disease processes and test new treatments in a controlled environment, providing insights that are not possible in human subjects due to ethical and logistical constraints.

5) Table:
A table in research data refers to a systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns, providing a clear visualization of relationships and comparisons. Tables are essential for summarizing complex data, making it accessible for analysis, interpretation, and presentation in scientific publications, enhancing comprehension of research findings.

6) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a psychological state characterized by feelings of worry, fear, and apprehension. It can manifest as a behavioral pattern affecting mood and cognition. Studying anxiety helps in understanding mental health disorders and developing effective therapeutic interventions, pivotal in psychopharmacology and psychological therapies to promote emotional well-being.

7) Learning:
Learning involves acquiring new knowledge or skills through experience, study, or teaching. It is central to cognitive psychology, neurobiology, and education, influencing how individuals adapt, interact, and function in various contexts. Research on learning processes aids in developing educational strategies and therapeutic approaches for cognitive impairments.

8) Line:
Line can refer to a demarcation or pathway, often used in behavioral tests like the Open Field Test, measuring animal movement. In research, lines define parameters, conditions, or boundaries within studies, facilitating systematic tracking of variables and ensuring precise data collection essential for valid interpretations and conclusions.

9) Male:
Male designates the sex of organisms that produces sperm, playing a crucial role in biological studies. In research, distinguishing between male and female subjects is essential as sex often influences physiological and behavioral responses, impacting findings, particularly in studies involving drug effects, reproduction, and developmental biology.

10) Activity:
Activity typically refers to movements or actions undertaken by organisms, often quantitatively measured in behavioral studies. In scientific research, particularly in pharmacology and neuroscience, understanding activity levels helps evaluate the effects of substances on locomotion, cognition, and overall health, guiding therapeutic and medical decisions.

11) Water:
Water is essential for all known forms of life, serving as a solvent and medium for biochemical reactions. In research, water is not only crucial for survival but also for experimental setups like the Morris Water Maze test that assesses memory and learning in animal models, linking hydration status to cognitive abilities.

12) Disease:
Disease indicates an abnormal condition affecting the structure or function of an organism, often leading to adverse health effects. Understanding diseases involves studying their causes, development, and treatment options, crucial for medical research and public health strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce disease burden.

13) Cancer:
Cancer represents a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. It poses a significant global health challenge and requires extensive research to understand its mechanisms, develop treatment protocols, and explore preventive measures. Analysis of its pathology helps in creating targeted therapies and improving patient survival rates.

14) Surrounding:
Surrounding describes the external environment or context influencing an organism's condition. In research, the surrounding context can affect behavior, cognition, and biological responses, making it vital to consider environmental factors in studies that explore the effects of substances or treatments on health and behavior.

15) Psychosis:
Psychosis refers to a mental health condition characterized by a disconnection from reality, including hallucinations or delusions. Understanding psychosis is critical for psychiatric research, treatment strategies, and public health policy, particularly concerning substance use disorders and the neurobiological basis of mental health conditions.

16) Relative:
Relative often pertains to the comparison between related entities or conditions, crucial for understanding variations in responses seen in experimental research. In scientific studies, relative comparisons provide insights into treatment effects, risk factors, and behavioral changes, facilitating a better understanding of outcomes in clinical and lab settings.

17) Post:
Post typically indicates a subsequent state following an event, often used in research to analyze the effects after treatment or intervention. Evaluating post-exposure or post-treatment outcomes helps in understanding the efficacy of therapies, assessing side effects, and informing clinical practices in health and medical sciences.

18) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can damage an organism. Understanding toxicity is essential in pharmacology, environmental science, and medicine to evaluate and mitigate risks associated with various substances, including drugs and environmental pollutants, ensuring safety and efficacy in therapeutic applications.

19) Honey:
Honey is a natural substance produced by bees known for its nutritional and medicinal properties. In research, honey is often studied for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing effects, contributing to our understanding of alternative therapeutic options and enhancing traditional treatments in various medical and health applications.

20) Death:
Death signifies the cessation of biological functions in living organisms. It is a crucial aspect studied in medicine, biology, and psychology, informing research on aging, diseases, and palliative care. Understanding the mechanisms of death aids in improving healthcare practices and developing interventions to prolong life.

21) Soma:
Soma refers to the body of an organism, specifically distinguishing it from its reproductive cells. In biological and medical research, analyzing soma involves evaluating physical health, disease impacts, and treatments focusing on improving overall well-being and understanding the relationship between bodily function and mental health.

22) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, including pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It plays a crucial role in the body's immune response, but chronic inflammation can lead to various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. Understanding its mechanisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies.

23) Science (Scientific):
Science involves systematic study through observation, experimentation, and analysis to understand natural phenomena. Scientific inquiry forms the foundation for knowledge across disciplines, driving advancements in technology, healthcare, and environmental understanding, leading to innovations that improve quality of life and inform societal decision-making.

24) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore or lesion that forms on the skin or mucous membranes. Understanding ulcers is pivotal in medicine, particularly in gastroenterology, where conditions like peptic ulcers significantly impact health. Research on their causes, treatments, and prevention strategies informs clinical practice and improves patient outcomes.

25) Field:
Field in the context of research often refers to a specific area of study or investigation. It indicates the environment or context where experiments occur, crucial for collecting data that supports or refutes hypotheses, particularly in behavioral studies, ecology, and the social sciences.

26) Beta:
Beta, commonly used in scientific contexts, often denotes a particular form or variant of a compound or characteristic, such as beta-blockers in pharmacology or beta waves in neuroscience. Understanding these variants helps researchers and clinicians tailor therapies and interventions to specific conditions or profiles.

27) Milk:
Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid produced by mammals, commonly studied for its components, including proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Research on milk explores its nutritional benefits, impacts on health, and potential allergies, informing dietary guidelines and health recommendations.

28) Mud:
Mood refers to a temporary state of mind or emotional condition. Studying mood is essential in psychology and psychiatry to understand its impact on mental health and behavior. Therapeutic interventions often target mood regulation to improve emotional well-being and quality of life for individuals.

29) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the process of conveying signals, information, or diseases. In neuroscience, it describes synaptic transmission where neurons communicate via neurotransmitters. Understanding transmission mechanisms is critical for developing treatments for neurological conditions and studying the effects of drugs on communication within the nervous system.

30) Performance:
Performance denotes the execution of a task or function, often evaluated in research to assess the effects of interventions or treatments. Measuring performance across various tasks helps scientists gauge cognitive, physical, or emotional responses, guiding conclusions and improving methodologies in experimental designs.

31) Training:
Training involves systematic instruction to develop skills or knowledge. In research, it often refers to preparations for experiments or the enhancement of cognitive or physical abilities in animal models. Establishing effective training protocols is essential for accurate measurements and valid results in behavioral studies.

32) Chauhan:
Chauhan may refer to a researcher or expert associated with studies in the context of pharmacology, toxicology, or biochemistry. Recognizing individual contributions aids in understanding ongoing research narratives and the evolution of knowledge surrounding specific studies or scientific endeavors.

33) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standard or degree of excellence of a substance or procedure. In research, quality assessments are essential to ensure validity and reliability of results. High-quality data leads to sound scientific conclusions and informs practices in healthcare, pharmacology, and education.

34) Shalem (Salem):
Salem refers to a researcher frequently associated with studies regarding herbal compounds, particularly Nigella sativa. Acknowledging authorship helps to track research lineages and contributions to clinical knowledge, promoting understanding of natural products' effects on health.

35) Kumar:
Kumar denotes an author or researcher who may impact studies surrounding herbal medicine and neuropharmacology. His contributions enhance the understanding of beneficial natural compounds, linking traditional practices with modern scientific inquiry to improve health outcomes.

36) Shana (Sana):
Sanaa might refer to an author who contributes to research on the therapeutic effects of natural substances. Recognizing contributions assists in understanding the scientific community's role in exploring traditional remedies through modern methodologies, fostering integration of herbal medicines in healthcare.

37) Mata:
Mata may refer to a researcher whose contributions support discussions on pharmacological effects of natural products. Acknowledging authorship highlights the collaborative efforts in advancing scientific understanding of the therapeutic potentials of various herbal remedies in modern medicine.

38) Nava (Navan):
Nava typically refers to a researcher involved in studies regarding psychological effects or natural compounds. Recognizing their work is essential for contextualizing findings within a broader research landscape, promoting further exploration into therapeutic applications of herbal medicine in behavioral health.

39) Sam (Sham):
Sham usually denotes a control treatment in experimental studies, particularly in preclinical research. It serves as a baseline to compare effects observed in experimental groups, facilitating the evaluation of intervention efficacy and enhancing the integrity of scientific findings.

40) Ter:
Ther refers to a therapeutic approach or treatment method. Understanding therapeutic modalities is vital in clinical and experimental contexts, helping to evaluate the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving health outcomes and managing diseases more effectively.

41) Life:
Life encompasses biological existence, growth, reproduction, and evolutionary processes. In research, studying life involves exploring the functions and interactions of living organisms, essential for advancing knowledge in fields like biology, ecology, and medicine, thereby promoting health and sustainability.

42) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulating refers to the gradual gathering of data or evidence over time. In scientific research, accumulating evidence strengthens claims and enhances understanding of phenomena, increasing the validity of conclusions drawn from studies and informing ongoing inquiries in various fields.

43) Perception:
Perception is the process by which individuals interpret sensory information, forming an understanding of their environment. In psychological research, studying perception helps to evaluate cognitive functions and behavioral responses, crucial for developing therapeutic approaches addressing sensory and cognitive impairments.

44) Discussion:
Discussion refers to a critical examination of findings, addressing implications, limitations, and future directions in research. It serves as a platform for evaluating hypotheses and enhancing understanding of studied phenomena, guiding decision-making and further inquiry in scientific contexts.

45) Depression:
Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest. Understanding depression is essential in psychology and psychiatry, informing therapeutic strategies, brain function studies, and societal impacts, aiming to improve mental health outcomes for affected individuals.

46) Substance:
Substance indicates any material with a defined chemical composition, often discussed in the context of its effects on health and behavior. Recognizing the properties and implications of different substances informs research, regulation, and public health strategies aimed at safety and efficacy.

47) Container:
Container refers to an object used to hold or store substances, essential in laboratory settings for conducting experiments and storing samples. Proper handling of containers ensures the integrity, safety, and accuracy of experimental data, vital for reliable scientific outcomes.

48) Affection:
Affection pertains to feelings of fondness or warmth towards someone or something. In psychological contexts, studying affection helps to understand emotional bonds, influencing health and behavior. It plays a role in therapeutic practices, affecting mental health and interpersonal relationships.

49) Language:
Language refers to a system of communication, encompassing spoken, written, or signed forms. It plays a crucial role in research, particularly in psychology and education, influencing cognitive processes, cultural exchanges, and the development of interventions aimed at enhancing communication skills and literacy.

50) Species:
Species denotes a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. In biological classification, understanding species diversity, behavior, and genetics is vital for conservation, research on ecological interactions, and studies on evolutionary processes affecting health.

51) Mineral:
Mineral refers to naturally occurring inorganic substances essential for various biological functions. In the context of health and nutrition, understanding the role of minerals is crucial for promoting overall well-being and informing dietary recommendations, as deficiencies or excesses can lead to health issues.

52) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outermost layer of an object or organism. In research, surface properties of materials or biological structures can significantly influence interactions, reactions, and behaviors, making it pivotal for various disciplines, including materials science and biochemistry.

53) Humana:
Humana is commonly associated with healthcare or research in medical sciences. It encompasses discussions about health management, insurance, and innovation in healthcare practices, contributing to improved patient outcomes and understanding of the healthcare landscape.

54) Repair:
Repair refers to the process of restoring something to its original condition. In biological contexts, repair mechanisms are crucial for recovery from injuries or diseases. Studying these mechanisms informs medical practices aimed at enhancing healing and recovery processes in patients.

55) Filling (Filled):
Filled refers to a state of being occupied or containing a substance. In scientific research, filled structures, such as cells or containers, affect properties and behaviors, impacting experimental outcomes and interpretations in fields ranging from biology to materials science.

56) Visit:
Visit in research contexts typically indicates attending or examining a site or participant in a study. It pertains to research methodologies where direct observation or interaction with subjects enhances data collection processes, yielding richer insights into behaviors or phenomena being studied.

57) Hemp:
Hemp is a variety of the cannabis plant cultivated for industrial purposes, including fiber, oil, and seed production. Its relevance in research encompasses discussions on sustainable practices, potential health benefits, and the legal aspects of cannabis cultivation, promoting ecological awareness and health innovations.

58) Genu:
Genu refers to the bent or curved part of an object, often used descriptively in biological anatomy. Understanding such structures enhances knowledge of organism physiology and morphology, aiding in studies of evolutionary adaptations and functional designs in various biological disciplines.

59) Food:
Food encompasses substances consumed for nutritional support, essential for sustaining life. Research on food includes its composition, health effects, cultural significance, and its role in disease prevention and management, informing dietary guidelines and public health strategies.

60) Fear:
Fear is an emotional response to perceived threats or danger, playing a vital role in survival. Research on fear examines its psychological and physiological effects, significant for understanding anxiety disorders, stress responses, and developing therapeutic interventions aimed at helping individuals manage fearful reactions.

61) Cage:
Cage typically refers to an enclosure for animals, used in research settings to contain and observe subjects. Proper cage design impacts animal welfare, behavior, and experimental outcomes, making it crucial for ethical research practices and ensuring valid findings in behavioral sciences.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Cannabis-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats: Nigella Sativa's Benefits’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

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