Correlation of Bacterial Isolates in Chronic Otitis Media in Ilorin
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Correlation of Bacterial Isolates from Middle Ear and Nasopharynx in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Ilorin, Nigeria
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:
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Olushola Abdulrahman Afolabi, Foluwasayo Emmanuel Ologe, Charles Nwabuisi, Adekunle Ganiyu Salaudeen, Olalekan Tajudeen Ajiboye, Clement Chukwuemeka Nwawolo
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Correlation of Bacterial Isolates from Middle Ear and Nasopharynx in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Ilorin, Nigeria
Year: 2015
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Chronic otitis media (COM) is a prevalent and significant chronic infectious disease affecting the ear, particularly in children worldwide. Defined as a chronic inflammatory condition of the middle ear and mastoid mucosa, it often presents with a persistent tympanic membrane perforation and discharge. The study focused on comparing microbial isolates found in the middle ear (ME) and nasopharynx of patients suffering from COM in Ilorin, north-central Nigeria. Importantly, the aim was to investigate the correlation between bacterial isolates originating from these two regions, given the known anatomical connections, particularly through the Eustachian tube.
Relationship Between Nasopharyngeal and Middle Ear Isolates
One critical finding from the study was that there was no overall relationship between the isolates from the ME and those from the nasopharynx in patients with COM. However, specific organisms revealed interesting patterns; for instance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was notably more prevalent in ME samples compared to nasopharyngeal isolates. Additionally, while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis were found more frequently in the nasopharynx, the differences in their distributions between the two sites were statistically significant, indicating a varying pathogenic role and colonization ability of these bacteria in the context of COM.
Conclusion
The study concluded that Gram-negative organisms, predominantly P. aeruginosa, were prevalent in the middle ear, while Gram-positive bacteria, such as E. faecalis, were more common in the nasopharynx. The findings underscore the complexity of chronic otitis media, highlighting that, although certain bacterial species exhibit significant differences in prevalence between the ME and nasopharynx, there is no direct association linking the bacterial populations at these sites among patients with COM. This suggests that managing COM may require a targeted approach that considers the distinct microbial profiles found in each anatomical region.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Correlation of Bacterial Isolates in Chronic Otitis Media in Ilorin”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table serves as a structured way to present data, allowing for easy comparison and analysis of various factors. In research literature, tables often summarize significant findings, clarifying results related to patient demographics, statistics, or experimental outcomes. They enhance data understanding, enabling readers to grasp complex information quickly.
2) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or understanding facts. In the context of the given text, it refers to the detailed examination of chronic otitis media and its relationship with nasopharyngeal isolates. Studies are crucial for advancing medical knowledge, informing treatment protocols, and influencing public health policies.
3) Disease:
A disease is a pathological condition of a bodily part, an organism, or system resulting from various causes, such as infection or environmental stress. This term underscores the focus of the provided text, which investigates chronic otitis media, a prevalent disease impacting ear health, particularly in children, with significant implications for hearing.
4) Aureus:
Aureus, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, refers to a type of bacteria often found in various infections. Its presence in the context of the text implies its significance as an infectious agent in chronic otitis media. Understanding bacterial isolates like S. aureus helps tailor effective treatments and address antibiotic resistance challenges.
5) Rules:
Rules can refer to established guidelines or principles that govern a conduct or procedure. In clinical studies, rules dictate the methodology, including patient eligibility, treatment protocols, and data analysis. Adhering to these rules is essential for maintaining scientific integrity, ensuring reliable results, and complying with ethical research standards.
6) Male:
Male indicates a gender classification, relevant in the context of the study population analyzed. Gender disparity in health conditions often necessitates separate assessments. This term highlights potential differences in disease prevalence or presentation, particularly in conditions like chronic otitis media, which, as seen in the study, may affect males more frequently.
7) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body’s immune response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. In the study's context, inflammation in the middle ear relates directly to chronic otitis media. Understanding inflammation is vital for developing treatment strategies, as it underpins many pathologies and their management.
8) Science (Scientific):
Science denotes a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. In the context of the text, the scientific study of chronic otitis media represents the application of empirical methods to understand health concerns, leading to better diagnoses and therapies.
9) Drug:
A drug is any substance that causes a change in physiological status through chemical action. In medical cases, such substances are prescribed to treat diseases. This term is particularly relevant in discussing antibiotics for managing chronic otitis media, highlighting the importance of pharmacological interventions in controlling infections.
10) Developing:
Developing refers to countries or regions striving for economic growth and improved living standards. The text emphasizes chronic otitis media as a significant health issue within developing regions, illustrating the need for targeted public health strategies to tackle these prevalent conditions affected by socio-economic factors such as poverty and healthcare access.
11) Teaching:
Teaching refers to imparting knowledge or skills through instruction. In the medical context, teaching emphasizes the importance of educating healthcare professionals about chronic otitis media. It underscores the role of teaching hospitals in training providers, ultimately promoting improved patient care, clinical research, and advancing medical understanding of health challenges.
12) Chang:
Chang likely refers to an author or researcher, highlighting different studies in the field of otology. Referencing researchers like Chang indicates collaboration and ongoing discourse in medical literature. This contributes to the academic foundation needed for understanding the complexities of chronic otitis media and related health challenges.
13) Pur:
Poor indicates a lack of resources due to socio-economic factors. In the text, it describes living conditions that contribute to the prevalence of diseases like chronic otitis media. Addressing 'poor' conditions is crucial in health policy, as interventions often target underlying social determinants to improve health outcomes.
14) Attending:
Attending indicates the action of being present or participating, often in a healthcare setting. In the study’s context, it refers to patients attending the ENT clinic for evaluation or treatment of chronic otitis media. This is essential for understanding engagement in healthcare systems and tailoring outreach programs effectively.
15) Deafness:
Deafness refers to partial or total inability to hear, which can result from various conditions, including chronic otitis media. The study's focus on this aspect highlights the importance of early detection and management of ear diseases to prevent hearing loss, emphasizing the public health implications of untreated conditions.
16) Merchant:
Merchant likely references an author or contributor to the research literature on otitis media. Such references are essential as they indicate established academic contributions and provide context within the broader field of otolaryngology. Recognizing contributors helps in assessing the credibility and continuity of research efforts.
17) Kashmir:
Kashmir, a region known for its geopolitical significance, may relate to the geographical context in studies of health concerns like otitis media. Mentioning regions like Kashmir reflects the importance of understanding health issues within specific cultural or geographic frameworks, highlighting the diversity of health challenges globally.
18) Company:
Company signifies organizations involved in various activities, including research, product development, or technological advancements. Within medical contexts, companies related to pharmaceuticals or medical devices significantly influence treatment options for diseases such as chronic otitis media, driving innovation and improving healthcare delivery systems through emerging therapies.
19) Family:
Family denotes a social unit that can influence health behaviors and outcomes. In healthcare, understanding family dynamics is essential to provide holistic care, particularly in childhood illnesses like chronic otitis media. Engaging families in treatment plans fosters adherence to medical advice and encourages preventive health measures.
20) Medium:
Medium in a microbiological context refers to the substance in which organisms grow, crucial for laboratory analysis. In this study, a 'medium' is referenced for transporting specimens from the nasopharynx and middle ear for culture analysis. Using appropriate media ensures accurate identification of pathogens, aiding effective diagnosis and treatment.
21) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid that circulates through the body, providing essential substances such as oxygen and nutrients. In medical contexts, blood cultures can reveal infections. The mention of blood in relation to microbial studies underlines the importance of hematological investigations in diagnosing infections associated with conditions like chronic otitis media.
22) Hara:
Hara could refer to an author or researcher associated with studies relevant to the topic. Recognizing contributors such as Hara adds credibility to the scholarly work discussed and indicates collaboration within academic circles, facilitating understanding of complex health issues, including those related to chronic otitis media.
23) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the spread of infectious agents from one host to another, crucial in understanding the dynamics of diseases. In the context of otitis media, identifying pathways of transmission informs prevention strategies. This is fundamental for public health efforts aimed at controlling the incidence of ear infections.
24) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical segment of research papers where interpretations, implications, and significance of findings are elaborated upon. It connects the study results to existing literature, addressing limitations and suggesting future research directions, thus enriching the scientific discourse surrounding chronic otitis media and associated health issues.
25) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
An antibiotic is a drug used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting their growth. In the context of the provided study, antibiotics are vital for managing chronic otitis media, highlighting their significance in therapeutic protocols. Understanding the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility helps in combating antibiotic resistance and improving treatment outcomes.
26) Knowledge:
Knowledge encapsulates the information, understanding, and skills acquired through experience or education. In healthcare, knowledge underpins clinical practices, guiding clinicians in diagnosing and treating conditions. The advancement of knowledge in otolaryngology significantly influences standards of care for diseases like chronic otitis media, driving improvements in health outcomes.
27) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene refers to practices that maintain health and prevent disease, pertinent in understanding public health dynamics. This term relates to how poor hygiene can lead to increased incidence of conditions like otitis media. Educating communities about hygiene can significantly reduce infection transmission and improve overall health.
28) Filling (Filled):
Filled indicates the completion of a form or procedure, essential in research for documenting participant data accurately. In clinical studies, forms filled out regarding clinical assessments or specimen collection ensure comprehensive data for analysis, contributing to the reliability of the study's outcome and findings.
29) Kaga:
Kaga likely refers to an author or researcher within the academic literature related to health studies. Recognition of contributors like Kaga adds depth to the research context, showing a lineage of scholarly work that informs and enriches the understanding of various health issues, including chronic otitis media.
30) Post:
Post indicates the position or status after an event, often used in medical contexts to describe follow-up evaluations after a treatment or intervention. Understanding post-treatment outcomes is crucial in evaluating the effectiveness of medical interventions, particularly in tracking the recovery from conditions such as chronic otitis media.
Other Health Sciences Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Correlation of Bacterial Isolates in Chronic Otitis Media in Ilorin’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Data collection, Statistical analysis, Data collection method, Significant difference, Ethical principle, Sampling technique, Sample size, Statistical Significance, Study population, P Value, Patient consent, Age range, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Case-control study, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Chronic suppurative otitis media, Gram positive, Gram negative, Tympanic Membrane, Disease prevalence, Male to female ratio, Pathogenic factor, Otitis media, CSOM, Eustachian tube, P. aeruginosa, Health challenge, Bacterial isolate, Gram stain, Control subjects, Gram positive organism, Gram negative organism, Eustachian tube dysfunction, Bacterial organisms, Ethical Review Committee, Nasopharyngeal swab, Gram stain reaction, Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, Chronic otitis media, Middle ear, Otorrhea, Study material, Statistical expertise, Final approval, Important intellectual content, Intellectual content, Nasopharynx, Nasopharyngeal specimens, Ear nose throat.