Factors Influencing Minor Amputation in Diabetic Foot at TAA Hospital

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Clinical Factors affecting Minor Amputation in Diabetic Foot Disease at Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Kuantan
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.

Author:

Zamzuri ZAKARIA, Mustaqim AFIFI, Mohd Ariff SHARIFUDIN


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Clinical Factors affecting Minor Amputation in Diabetic Foot Disease at Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Kuantan

Year: 2015

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Diabetic foot disease is a significant complication within the Malaysian diabetic population, often leading to the necessity of amputations. This study aimed to identify clinical factors influencing minor amputations in patients suffering from diabetic foot disease at Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Kuantan. A cross-sectional approach was adopted, focusing on patients admitted to orthopaedic wards, excluding those having undergone major amputations or with conditions above the ankle joint. Key metrics collected included the ankle brachial systolic index (ABSI), Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test results, and foot clinical evaluations using King's classification.

Predictive Factors for Minor Amputation

One of the critical findings of the study is that certain clinical factors significantly predict the need for minor amputation. The analysis indicated that poor compliance with diabetic treatment, a King's classification stage of 5, low ABSI measurements, sensory neuropathy, elevated serum C-reactive protein, and high serum creatinine levels were all correlated with a higher risk of minor amputations. Notably, multiple linear regression analysis pointed to serum creatinine as a singularly significant risk factor. Understanding these predictive factors allows for targeted management strategies to potentially reduce the incidence of minor amputations, contributing to better patient outcomes.

Conclusion

The research highlights that factors such as advanced stage in King's classification, low ABSI values, and sensory neuropathy are crucial indicators of the need for minor amputations in individuals with diabetic foot disease. Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein and creatinine were also noted as significant predictors. Early identification and management of patients exhibiting these risk factors may play a vital role in preventing minor amputations and subsequent limb loss, thereby improving the quality of life for diabetic foot patients. By addressing these risks, healthcare providers can develop strategies aimed at better patient care and reduced amputation rates.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the prevalence of minor amputations in diabetic foot disease?

In the study, 36.2% of the diabetic foot disease patients underwent minor amputations, indicating a significant occurrence of this surgical intervention among those affected.

Which clinical factors predict minor amputation in diabetic patients?

Significant predictive factors for minor amputation include poor compliance to diabetic treatment, stage 5 of King's classification, low ankle brachial systolic index, sensory neuropathy, and high serum C-reactive protein and creatinine levels.

How is the severity of diabetic foot disease classified?

Diabetic foot disease is classified based on King's classification, which includes stages from normal foot to necrotic foot requiring major amputation and helps guide management decisions at each stage.

What role does serum creatinine play in minor amputation risk?

Elevated serum creatinine levels are associated with an increased risk of minor amputation. It reflects renal function impairment, which contributes to complications in diabetic foot disease patients.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Factors Influencing Minor Amputation in Diabetic Foot at TAA Hospital”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
A table in a research context typically organizes data in a structured format, facilitating clarity and comparison of results. In this document, tables summarize findings related to clinical factors affecting diabetic foot disease, including patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical assessments, and outcomes, enhancing the overall comprehensibility of the study's data.

2) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition that alters normal bodily functions, often leading to significant health issues. In this context, diabetic foot disease is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by foot ulcers, infections, and the risk of amputations, representing a significant public health concern.

3) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation undertaken to gain knowledge and understanding of specific phenomena. This research assessed clinical factors influencing minor amputations in diabetic foot disease, contributing to the medical field by identifying key risk factors and potentially informing preventive measures and treatment strategies.

4) King:
King refers to King's classification, a system that categorizes diabetic foot disease stages based on severity and clinical presentation. This classification aids healthcare professionals in understanding the condition's progression and determining appropriate management strategies, thus enhancing patient outcomes through targeted interventions.

5) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by inflammation and tissue loss. In diabetic foot disease, ulcers are critical as they signify severe complications that can lead to infections and may necessitate surgical interventions like amputations if not addressed promptly.

6) Rules:
Rules in a clinical context often refer to established guidelines and protocols to dictate patient care and management. In this study, rules may encompass diagnostic criteria, treatment procedures, and classification systems, guiding healthcare professionals in making evidence-based decisions to optimize patient outcomes.

7) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of care provided to patients, which plays a vital role in healthcare. In diabetic foot disease, ensuring high-quality management and intervention strategies is crucial for preventing complications, including ulcers and amputations, thereby enhancing the overall health and quality of life of afflicted patients.

8) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in the body that carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, and plays a role in immune responses and waste removal. In this study, blood parameters like serum creatinine and C-reactive protein were analyzed as potential indicators of disease severity and amputation risk.

9) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or injury. In the context of diabetic foot disease, chronic inflammation can worsen the condition, promote ulcer formation, and increase the risk of infections, ultimately leading to more severe complications and potential amputations.

10) Measurement:
Measurement involves quantifying specific parameters to assess health conditions. In diabetic foot disease, measurements such as the ankle brachial systolic index and sensory evaluation using the Semmes-Weinstein test are crucial for determining risk factors, guiding treatment decisions, and predicting the likelihood of complications.

11) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. This research is grounded in scientific principles, using data collection and analysis to understand the factors influencing diabetic foot disease and improve treatment methodologies.

12) Teaching:
Teaching encompasses the act of imparting knowledge or skills to others. In the context of medical education, teaching plays a key role by preparing healthcare professionals to recognize and manage diabetic foot disease effectively, ultimately improving patient care standards through the dissemination of current knowledge and best practices.

13) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outer layer of the body, such as skin. In diabetic foot disease, examining the surface of the foot for ulcers, calluses, or other abnormalities is essential in diagnosing the condition and assessing its severity, which is critical for determining appropriate interventions.

14) Repair:
Repair refers to the process of restoring something to a good condition after damage. In the context of diabetic foot disease, timely medical repairs through treatment of ulcers and infections are vital to prevent disease progression, enhance healing, and reduce the need for surgical interventions, such as amputations.

15) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi refers to a researcher or author whose contributions to diabetic foot disease literature may provide valuable insights into associated risks and management strategies. The inclusion of their work establishes a connection to existing research, enriching the study's foundation through referencing established findings in this area.

16) Doshin (Dosin, Dosi, Doshi):
Doshi is likely a reference to an individual, potentially a researcher, who has contributed to the existing body of knowledge regarding diabetic foot disease. Their inclusion in the references underscores the continual collaboration within the scientific community to understand and combat the challenges posed by such medical conditions.

17) Ting:
Ting presumably refers to a contributor within the study or related literature on diabetic foot disease. Mentioning their work supports the research's credibility, reinforcing the interconnected nature of scientific inquiry and efforts to investigate the risk factors and management of diabetic foot complications.

18) Pur:
Poor indicates a lack of quality or insufficient levels—here, referring to compliance to diabetic treatment. Patients exhibiting poor adherence to their management plans are at a greater risk of severe complications, such as minor amputations, underscoring the importance of effective disease management and patient education.

19) Chan:
Chan may refer to an author or contributor to research regarding diabetic foot disease. Referencing their work can bolster the study's foundation, showcasing collaborative efforts in enhancing understanding and management of diabetes-related complications, thus aiding both practitioners and researchers in the field.

20) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition refers to the inadequate intake of nutrients, which can adversely affect health and healing processes. In diabetic foot disease, malnutrition can significantly impede recovery from foot ulcers, increase infection risks, and may contribute to the likelihood of undergoing amputations, emphasizing the need for comprehensive dietary evaluations.

21) Discussion:
Discussion represents a section in scientific studies where findings are interpreted and contextualized within the existing body of research. Here, it provides an opportunity to analyze results about clinical factors influencing diabetic foot disease and minor amputation risks, fostering further dialogue on clinical implications and future research directions.

22) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating or improving something over time. In healthcare, developing new strategies, treatments, and educational programs is crucial for managing diabetic foot disease and its associated risks. Fostering better outcomes involves innovating healthcare delivery systems tailored to improve patient adherence and treatment effectiveness.

23) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to a medication used to treat bacterial infections. In diabetic foot disease, antibiotics are crucial for managing or preventing infections arising from ulcers or wounds, which can complicate recovery. Proper antibiotic treatment can significantly influence outcomes and reduce the necessity for potential amputations.

24) Education:
Education in a medical context involves imparting knowledge to healthcare professionals and patients. Effective education about diabetes management and foot care is vital in preventing complications. Educated patients are more likely to monitor their conditions and comply with treatment plans, minimizing severe outcomes like amputations.

25) Dividing:
Dividing refers to the action of separating something into parts. In research, dividing data into categories helps in better analyzing and understanding complex information. For instance, dividing patients based on risk factors can reveal significant insights into diabetes management and the prevention of complications.

26) Dressing:
Dressing refers to the materials applied to wounds for protection and healing. In diabetic foot care, proper wound dressing is essential for managing ulcers, preventing infections, and promoting healing. The selection of appropriate dressing can significantly impact recovery and prevent complications, including the need for amputation.

27) Incision:
Incision refers to a surgical cut made in the skin or body tissue. In the context of diabetic foot disease, incisions may be required for interventions such as surgical debridement or amputations, highlighting the need for careful surgical planning to optimize recovery while minimizing further complications.

28) Mineral:
Mineral refers to inorganic substances necessary for health. In patients with diabetic foot disease, mineral imbalances can impact wound healing and metabolic processes. Understanding the role of minerals in overall health is essential for managing diabetes and preventing complications associated with foot ulcers or infections.

29) Malaya:
Malaya is a historical term related to the region encompassing parts of modern-day Malaysia. References to Malaya in medical literature often discuss health issues prevalent in its population, such as diabetes. Understanding regional health challenges is critical for developing localized strategies to combat diabetic foot disease.

30) Reason:
Reason pertains to the logic or rationale behind decisions. In a medical context, identifying the reasons for complications in diabetic patients is crucial for developing tailored interventions. Understanding the underlying reasons for conditions guides healthcare practitioners in preventing severe outcomes like amputations.

31) Indian:
Indian typically refers to individuals from India or of Indian descent. In health research, it is significant to analyze health outcomes within diverse populations. Understanding how cultural and lifestyle factors among Indian populations influence diabetes prevalence and related complications is crucial for effective health interventions.

32) Pulse:
Pulse refers to the rhythmic expansion and contraction of arteries, indicating heart rate and overall cardiovascular health. In diabetic foot assessments, evaluating the pulse is critical for assessing blood flow to the extremities, identifying potential vascular issues, and determining risks associated with diabetic foot disease.

33) Cina:
China, a populous country, is significant in medical research due to its unique health challenges and trends. The study of diabetic foot disease in China has provided insights into risk factors and management strategies. Understanding these dynamics can inform similar approaches in other countries dealing with diabetes.

34) Pose:
Pose refers to the act of presenting or putting forth a particular issue. In healthcare, practitioners often face various challenges that pose risks to patient health. Recognizing and addressing these challenges is essential for improving patient outcomes, especially in managing chronic diseases like diabetes.

35) Post:
Post typically refers to an article or publication highlighting a specific subject. In a medical context, a post can share significant findings about diabetic foot disease, informing practitioners about best practices and recent research results, ultimately contributing to better patient care and treatment plans.

36) Male:
Male denotes the gender of individuals, often significant in medical research as various health conditions may present differently across genders. In the context of diabetic foot disease, understanding how male patients experience risk factors differently than females is vital for tailoring effective prevention and treatment approaches.

37) Life:
Life refers to the condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic substances, defining aspects of human existence including health. In medical contexts, improving the quality of life for diabetes patients by minimizing complications, such as foot ulcers and amputations, is a fundamental goal in healthcare practice.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Factors Influencing Minor Amputation in Diabetic Foot at TAA Hospital’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Diabetes mellitus, Body mass index (BMI), Serum Creatinine, C-Reactive Protein, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), End stage renal disease, Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Sensory Neuropathy, Foot amputation, Foot care, Vascular health, Marital Status, Foot ulcer, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Blood investigation, Risk factor, Comorbidities, Diabetic patient, Serum C-reactive protein, Lower-extremity amputation, Insulin treatment, Diabetic treatment, Age of Patient, Comorbidities among patients, Major Amputation, Diabetic Foot Disease, Clinical factors, Clinical evaluation technique, Quality of foot care.

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