Proteomics Technology – A Powerful Tool for the Biomedical Scientists
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Proteomics Technology – A Powerful Tool for the Biomedical Scientists
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Rahmah Noordin, Nurulhasanah Othman
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Proteomics Technology – A Powerful Tool for the Biomedical Scientists
Year: 2013
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Proteomics is the systematic analysis of proteins, playing a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of biological functions and disease mechanisms. It complements other “omics” technologies, including genomics and transcriptomics, by revealing the identity and functionality of proteins in an organism. The applications of proteomics are vast, ranging from marker discovery for diagnostics and vaccines to studying protein interactions in response to various stimuli. Despite its potential, the widespread adoption of proteomics technology, particularly in less developed countries, is hampered by high costs, the need for specialized personnel, and limited access to necessary equipment.
Proteomic Analysis and Mass Spectrometry
The core of modern proteomics analysis revolves around mass spectrometry (MS), which acts as the “heart” of the technology. The process involves three essential steps: sample preparation, protein separation, and protein identification. Sample preparation is crucial due to the complexity of biological samples and the low concentration of many proteins. Following this, proteins are separated using techniques such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or high-resolution nanoliquid chromatography, which offers superior accuracy in protein analysis. Finally, proteins are identified through MS, which requires initial cleavage of proteins using enzymes, typically trypsin. Techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) facilitate the introduction of samples into the MS system. Advanced computational tools then assist in interpreting the MS data, enabling significant insights into protein functions and interactions.
Conclusion
While the field of proteomics holds immense promise for advancing biomedical research, especially concerning various diseases, challenges remain, particularly in resource-limited settings like Malaysia. The high costs associated with proteomics technologies and a lack of expertise hinder progress. Initiatives such as the Malaysian Proteomics Conference highlight the importance of collaboration and resource sharing among scientists to overcome these obstacles. Encouraging more biomedical researchers to engage with proteomics could significantly enhance the quality and scope of research in the country, allowing for better diagnostic tools and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the definition of proteomics?
Proteomics refers to the systematic analysis of proteins in an organism. It aims to identify proteins and understand their functions, complementing other omics technologies like genomics and transcriptomics.
What are the main steps involved in proteomics analysis?
Proteomics analysis involves three major steps: sample preparation, protein separation, and protein identification. Effective sample preparation is crucial for studying proteins, especially those present in low concentrations.
What techniques are commonly used in mass-spectrometry for proteomics?
Common techniques in mass-spectrometry (MS) for proteomics include electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF are commonly used mass-spectrometry systems.
How can proteomics contribute to medical research?
Proteomics can help discover diagnostic markers, vaccine candidates, and understand disease mechanisms. It aids in analyzing protein expression patterns and elucidating functional protein networks, enhancing disease research outcomes.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Proteomics Technology – A Powerful Tool for the Biomedical Scientists”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
In the context of proteomics, the study of diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and diabetes can greatly benefit from the systematic analysis of proteins. Understanding the changes in protein expressions allows for the discovery of diagnostic markers and vaccine candidates, thus providing crucial insights into disease mechanisms.
2) Study (Studying):
The systematic analysis of proteins through proteomics is essential in the study of various biological processes. By elucidating protein interactions and modifications, researchers can derive significant conclusions that inform future biomedical research and clinical practices, enhancing our understanding of health and disease.
3) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Proteomics plays a vital role in antibiotic research, specifically in analyzing the proteomic signatures associated with the mechanism of action of antibiotics. This systematic analysis can guide the development of new antibiotics and improve treatment strategies against bacterial infections.
4) Relative:
Relative changes in protein expressions among different samples, such as drug-treated versus untreated conditions, can be quantitatively assessed through advanced proteomics techniques. This provides vital information regarding the efficacy of treatments and the biological responses of diseases.
5) Drug:
In proteomics research, drugs are often studied to understand their effects on protein expression and interaction. Analyzing the proteome before and after drug administration allows scientists to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets relevant to specific diseases.
6) Table:
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7) Shala (Sala):
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8) Post:
The term post-translational modifications refers to the changes proteins undergo after translation, significantly affecting their function and roles within the cell. Understanding these modifications through proteomics is crucial for comprehensively studying protein behavior in various biological contexts.
9) Medicine:
Proteomics significantly contributes to the field of medicine by providing insights into protein functions and interactions relevant to health. This systematic analysis can help in the development of new diagnostic tools, therapies, and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms, thereby improving medical practices.
10) Cancer:
Proteomics is particularly important in cancer research, as it enables the identification of specific protein signatures that can serve as diagnostic markers. Understanding the molecular changes in protein expression associated with cancer can lead to targeted therapies and better treatment outcomes.
11) Campu:
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Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Proteomics Technology – A Powerful Tool for the Biomedical Scientists’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Mass spectrometry, Electrospray ionization, Sample preparation, Diagnostic marker, Biomedical Scientist, Vaccine candidate, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Pathogenic mechanism, Expression patterns, Omic technologies.