Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Premenopausal Women with Anemia

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Pre-menopausal Women with Iron-Deficiency Anaemia
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Mohammad Reza Keramati, Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian, Hossein Ayatollahi, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Mohammad Khajedaluea, Houman Tavasolian, Anahita Borzouei


The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:

(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)

Full text available for: Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Pre-menopausal Women with Iron-Deficiency Anaemia

Year: 2011

Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant global health issue, particularly affecting children and women of reproductive age. This study focused on evaluating the alterations in lymphocyte subgroups in pre-menopausal women suffering from IDA. Previous research has pointed towards a correlation between IDA and increased susceptibility to infections, attributed to defects in hemoglobin synthesis leading to microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells. The aim was to investigate whether peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were impacted in adult non-pregnant females with IDA, emphasizing the importance of understanding immune alterations associated with this condition.

Immune Response Impairment in IDA

The study revealed significant decreases in absolute counts of total T lymphocytes (CD3+), T helper (CD3+/CD4+), and T cytotoxic (CD3+/CD8+) cells in the IDA group compared to healthy controls. The mean absolute counts showed statistically significant differences, indicating a potential decline in cell-mediated immunity among women with IDA. Although the relative percentages of lymphocyte subsets showed minor variations, they were not statistically significant. Notably, the study highlights the critical role of iron in maintaining immune function, with findings suggesting that deficiencies may render individuals more vulnerable to infections due to compromised T lymphocyte populations.

Conclusion

This research underscores the adverse effects of iron deficiency on immune function, particularly highlighting lower counts of T lymphocyte subgroups as a marker of compromised immunity in pre-menopausal women with IDA. Such findings draw attention to the need for effective screening and treatment for iron deficiency in populations at risk, as improving iron levels may subsequently enhance immune responses and reduce infection susceptibility. The study advocates for further research to substantiate these associations and explore potential therapeutic interventions.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and its causes?

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional deficiency characterized by low iron levels, leading to reduced hemoglobin synthesis and smaller, hypochromic red blood cells. Causes include inadequate dietary iron intake, blood loss, increased iron requirements during periods like menstruation or pregnancy.

How does IDA affect immune system function in women?

IDA may cause significant decreases in T lymphocyte counts, impairing cell-mediated immunity in women. This could increase susceptibility to infections as T lymphocytes are essential for fighting intracellular microbes and maintaining overall immune responses.

What lymphocyte subsets were studied in this research?

The study evaluated various lymphocyte subsets, including total T lymphocytes (CD3+), T helper cells (CD3+/CD4+), T cytotoxic cells (CD3+/CD8+), and B cells (CD19+), comparing the absolute and relative counts in women with IDA against healthy controls.

What were the findings regarding lymphocyte counts in IDA patients?

The study found significant decreases in absolute counts of total T lymphocytes and subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+) in IDA patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting that IDA negatively impacts immunity.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Premenopausal Women with Anemia”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Blood:
Blood plays a critical role in the body's immune system, transporting oxygen and nutrients while also serving as a medium for immune cells. The study highlights the impact of conditions like iron-deficiency anemia on blood constituents, particularly lymphocyte subsets, which are essential for fighting infections and maintaining overall health.

2) Study (Studying):
The study provides valuable insights into the relationship between iron-deficiency anemia and immune system function. It examines immunological changes, particularly in lymphocyte subgroups in pre-menopausal women, thereby contributing to the understanding of how nutritional deficiencies can influence health outcomes and increase susceptibility to infections.

3) Pregnant:
Pregnancy increases the nutritional demands on women, making them particularly vulnerable to conditions like iron-deficiency anemia. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring iron levels in pregnant women to maintain immune function, as altered immune responses can lead to higher infection rates, impacting maternal and fetal health.

4) Disease:
Iron-deficiency anemia is a disease characterized by a lack of sufficient iron, leading to reduced hemoglobin levels. The study explores the implications of this disease on cellular immunity, focusing on decreased lymphocyte counts and functionality, which may increase vulnerability to infections and other health complications.

5) Indian:
The study references various populations, including those from India, where iron-deficiency anemia is prevalent. Understanding the immunological effects of anemia within specific cultural and geographical contexts is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and interventions to improve women's health and combat anemia in these regions.

6) Table:
Tables in the study present quantitative data on blood cell counts, lymphocyte subsets, and comparisons between control and IDA groups. Such data visualization is essential for succinctly conveying complex information and drawing meaningful conclusions regarding the effects of iron-deficiency anemia on lymphocyte populations.

7) Developing:
In developing countries, nutritional deficiencies like iron-deficiency anemia are widespread due to limited access to diverse diets and healthcare resources. The study’s findings highlight the urgent need for public health initiatives to address anemia, improve nutritional status, and bolster immune function in vulnerable populations in these regions.

8) Activity:
Activity levels can be adversely affected by iron-deficiency anemia, leading to fatigue and reduced physical performance. The study implicates diminished cellular immunity and increased infection risk as additional consequences, underscoring the multifaceted impact of anemia on individuals' overall health and daily life activities.

9) Relative:
Relative counts of lymphocyte subsets, as measured in the study, help characterize immune function under conditions like iron-deficiency anemia. Understanding these relative proportions is essential for identifying immunological impacts and potential vulnerabilities, contributing to the broader understanding of how nutritional deficiencies affect the immune response.

10) Company:
While the term 'company' is not directly addressed in the study, it may refer to the healthcare companies involved in developing treatments for anemia. Research findings can influence the development of nutritional supplements and interventions, promoting better health outcomes for individuals affected by conditions like iron-deficiency anemia.

11) Science (Scientific):
The study contributes to the field of immunology and hematology by providing empirical data on the impact of iron-deficiency anemia on lymphocyte subsets. This scientific inquiry enhances the understanding of the interplay between nutrition and immune function, guiding future research into preventive and therapeutic strategies.

12) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition, particularly iron-deficiency, predisposes individuals to anemia, as highlighted in the study. This condition compromises immune function by decreasing lymphocyte counts, increasing the risk of infections. Addressing malnutrition is paramount to improving public health, particularly among vulnerable populations such as women of reproductive age.

13) Observation:
The observations made in the study regarding altered lymphocyte counts in women with iron-deficiency anemia are significant. They underscore the relationship between nutritional deficiencies and immune responses, providing a basis for further investigation and potential intervention strategies to improve health outcomes in affected populations.

14) Quality:
Quality of life can be negatively impacted by iron-deficiency anemia due to fatigue and increased susceptibility to infections, as indicated by the study. Improving iron status through dietary interventions or supplementation may enhance overall quality of life for those affected, particularly in at-risk demographics.

15) Karaka:
While 'Karaka' is not explicitly referenced in the study, it may allude to authorship or research conducted by relevant individuals in hematology or nutrition. Knowledge from such research can be instrumental in shaping public health policies regarding anemia prevention and treatment.

16) Cancer:
The study notes the exclusion of patients with a history of cancer, highlighting the complexity of diagnosing and understanding the immune implications of concurrent diseases such as anemia and malignancies. This exclusion is essential for ensuring that the findings are specific to iron-deficiency anemia.

17) Nature:
The nature of iron-deficiency anemia as a public health issue is multifaceted, as reflected in the study’s focus on its immunological impacts. The nature of immune responses and their relationship with nutritional status emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to health that includes dietary interventions.

18) Lanka (Lamka, Lànkà):
Mentioning regions like 'Lanka' illustrates the global impact of iron-deficiency anemia, encouraging studies in diverse populations. Understanding regional iron status and immune response can inform targeted programs to combat anemia and improve health in specific geographic contexts.

19) India:
India is highlighted as one of the countries where the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia is significant. The study's insights into the effects of anemia on immune function can guide public health initiatives aimed at improving nutritional status among women in India and enhancing their overall health.

20) Kumar:
Kumar may refer to the author of the study or previous relevant research cited within it. The contributions of such scholars are critical in advancing the understanding of the interactions between nutrition and immune function, especially in populations vulnerable to iron-deficiency anemia.

21) Kaya:
Similar to Kumar, 'Kaya' could pertain to an author in the context of the research. Scholars' investigations into iron-deficiency anemia inform public health strategies aimed at reducing anemia incidence and its associated health complications, particularly in women and children.

22) Life:
Life quality can be severely compromised by iron-deficiency anemia due to fatigue and increased infection risk as found in the study. Addressing anemia through nutritional interventions is vital for improving health and well-being, particularly in women of reproductive age, ultimately impacting population health.

23) Bell:
The mention of 'Bell' could relate to previous research or authors referenced in the study. Understanding how iron levels affect immune function, as outlined by such studies, can inform healthcare practices and emphasize the importance of maintaining optimal iron levels for immune health.

24) Drug:
While the term 'drug' is not directly discussed, it alludes to the therapeutic interventions available for treating iron-deficiency anemia. The study underscores the importance of nutritional supplements, with potential implications for drug development aimed at addressing the nutritional deficiencies that lead to anemia.

25) Mud:
Mood may relate to the psychosocial effects of iron-deficiency anemia, which can include irritability and lack of energy. The study highlights the broader impacts of anemia on quality of life, emphasizing the need for public health strategies that address both mental and physical health in affected populations.

26) Male:
Although the study focuses on pre-menopausal women, considering male populations is important in understanding the variations in iron-deficiency anemia prevalence. Addressing anemia in both sexes and understanding its impacts on immune function is crucial for comprehensive public health initiatives aimed at improving health outcomes.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Premenopausal Women with Anemia’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Pregnant women, Public health, Immune system, Infectious disease, Nutritional deficiency, Statistical analysis, Control group, Inclusion criteria, Exclusion criteria, Nutritional deficiencies, Nutritional status, Micronutrient malnutrition, Immune response, Iron deficiency anemia, Hematologic parameters, Iron supplementation, Iron Deficiency, Prospective study, Cell-mediated immunity, Humoral immunity, T lymphocytes, Mean corpuscular volume, Venous blood, Platelet count, Immunoglobulin G, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Haemoglobin Synthesis, B-lymphocytes, Iron Deficient Anemia, Cellular immunity, Upper respiratory tract, Flow cytometry, Quantitative Variable, Humoral immune response, WBC, Red Blood Cell, Immune function, Monoclonal antibodies, Flow cytometric analysis, Blood cell, White blood cell, Mean corpuscular haemoglobin, Blood sample, Absolute Lymphocyte Count, Iron intake, Cytokine levels, Helper T cells, Adult female, Pearson Correlation, Lower respiratory tract infection, Iron status, Patient group, Infection Susceptibility, Peripheral blood, Cytotoxic T cells, T-cell proliferation, Differential effect, Serum immunoglobulin, Lymphocyte subset, T cytotoxic cells, Cytotoxic cells, Lead intoxication.

Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.

Red blood.

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