Antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Malaysia

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Malaysia”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Study (Studying):
The keyword 'Study' refers to the systematic investigation conducted in the context of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance to monitor susceptibility patterns, thereby guiding clinicians in making informed choices regarding empirical and directed antimicrobial therapy in healthcare settings.

2) Drug:
The term 'Drug' pertains to the various antimicrobial agents assessed in the study, specifically eight drugs evaluated for their in vitro efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The findings underscore the critical role of these drugs in treating infections, highlighting the need for continuous evaluation of resistance patterns to preserve their effectiveness.

3) Table:
The keyword 'Table' signifies the structured presentation of data in the study, particularly in summarizing the antimicrobial susceptibility results. Tables provide a clear and concise format for displaying quantitative information, such as susceptibility rates and MIC values, aiding in the interpretation of complex data regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance.

4) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The keyword 'Antibacterial' pertains to agents that combat bacterial infections, specifically those evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this study. Understanding the performance of antibacterial agents is pivotal for developing effective treatment regimens for infections, especially amid the rising trend of antibiotic resistance observed in clinical isolates.

5) Activity:
In this context, 'Activity' refers to the effectiveness of the antimicrobial drugs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The term indicates the extent to which these agents can inhibit or kill the bacteria, which is primarily measured through susceptibility testing methods, ultimately influencing treatment decisions for patients with infections.

6) Kappa:
The term 'Kappa' in this study relates to a statistical measure of agreement between two methods of assessing antimicrobial susceptibility, namely the E-test and the disk diffusion method. A high Kappa value indicates a strong concordance, supporting the reliability of the susceptibility testing methods used in clinical microbiology.

7) Beta (Bēṭa, Beṭa):
The term 'Beta' refers to the class of beta-lactam antibiotics, which includes drugs like cefepime and ceftazidime evaluated in the study. Understanding the activity and resistance patterns of beta-lactams is crucial in managing infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as they are frequently used in clinical practice for treating such infections.

8) Medicine:
The keyword 'Medicine' in this context reflects the broader field within which the study operates, particularly related to clinical microbiology and infectious disease management. It underscores the importance of understanding antimicrobial resistance patterns to ensure effective treatment options are available in the medical community and improve patient outcomes.

9) Cina (Cīna, Cīnā, Ciṉa, Ciṉā, Cīṉā, Cinā):
The mention of 'China' in the abstract highlights previous studies and international efforts on antimicrobial susceptibility relative to the global landscape of drug resistance. The mention contextualizes the relevance of the findings in Malaysia in relation to data from other countries, demonstrating how antibiotic resistance is a worldwide concern in clinical settings.

10) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
The term 'Burn' refers to the specific ward from which clinical isolates were obtained in the study. Clinical context is essential for understanding the source of infections and resistance patterns, as patients with specific conditions, such as burn injuries, may present unique challenges regarding antimicrobial susceptibility and treatment strategies.

11) Performance:
In this study, 'Performance' relates to how well the antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods function, particularly in discerning the effectiveness of various antibiotics. Evaluating the performance of testing techniques is crucial to ensure accurate results that inform treatment decisions and patient management in clinical infectious diseases.

12) Agnihotrin (Agnihotrī, Agnihotṛ, Agnihōtrī, Agnihotri, Agni-hotrin, Agni-hotri):
In this context, 'Agnihotri' references a previous researcher's contributions to the field of antimicrobial resistance, indicating the interconnected nature of research in understanding susceptibility patterns. Citing findings from other researchers provides a broader context to the current study, thereby enriching the scientific discourse on Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance.

13) Teaching:
The term 'Teaching' in this context pertains to a 'teaching hospital' environment where the study was conducted. This aspect highlights the educational role of such institutions in training medical professionals while contributing to research on antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the link between clinical practice, education, and research.

14) Sharman (Śarma, Sarmā, Sarma, Sharma, Śarman):
The mention of 'Sharma' indicates another researcher whose work is referenced in the broader context of antimicrobial susceptibility studies. Recognizing contributions helps support the credibility of the current study findings while fostering collaborative efforts within the scientific community in addressing issues related to bacterial resistance.

15) Indian:
The keyword 'Indian' likely relates to previous studies and findings pertinent to antimicrobial resistance in India. This context emphasizes the global nature of the challenge posed by drug-resistant bacteria, demonstrating that researchers worldwide must address the emerging trends in resistance in various geographic and demographic settings.

16) Gupta (Guptā):
The term 'Gupta' references a researcher whose findings contribute to the understanding of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance patterns. By acknowledging prior research, the current study not only builds upon existing knowledge, but also reinforces the need for comprehensive surveillance data across different regions to inform treatment practices.

17) Blood:
The term 'Blood' signifies one of the specimen types assessed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in the study. Blood cultures are critical in diagnosing infections and understanding resistance patterns relevant to bloodstream infections, encapsulating the significance of continuous monitoring for effective treatment in critically ill patients.

18) Raja (Rāja, Rājā):
The keyword 'Raja' refers to a researcher whose study on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns contributes to the body of knowledge in the field. Mentioning individual researchers like Raja helps to integrate the findings of this study into the existing literature, contextualizing the significance of local data in a global perspective.

19) Sign:
The term 'Sign' emphasizes statistical significance, reflecting the importance of results in revealing substantial trends or correlations within the data. Significance affects clinical interpretations and decisions, particularly in assessing antimicrobial resistance patterns essential for effective treatment strategies in managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

20) Line:
The term 'Line' may refer to the methodology or a particular guideline followed in the context of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. It underscores the structured approach taken in the study, adhering to established standards to ensure accurate and reliable results in determining resistance patterns of clinical isolates.