Impact of Neonatal Deltamethrin on Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Effect of Early Neonatal Exposure to Deltamethrin on the Purkinje Cell Number in Rat Cerebellum
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Mohd Asnizam Asari, Mohammad Shukri Abdullah, Suryati Abdullah
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Effect of Early Neonatal Exposure to Deltamethrin on the Purkinje Cell Number in Rat Cerebellum
Year: 2008
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Deltamethrin, a widely used insecticide in the pyrethroid class, has been established as a neurotoxic agent; however, its effects on Purkinje cell survival in the cerebellum during the neonatal period remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the total number of Purkinje cells in neonatal rats exposed to deltamethrin via oral administration at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day, which corresponds to 20% of the LD50. Using the stereological method known as the fractionator, researchers assessed Purkinje cell counts at postnatal day 21, after exposing the male rat pups from postnatal days 2 to 5. The background of neurotoxicity associated with pyrethroids, particularly during neonate development, emphasizes the need for understanding their potential long-term impacts on brain structure.
Impact of Deltamethrin on Purkinje Cells
The fundamental aspect of this study is the examination of Purkinje cell survival following deltamethrin exposure. Although the literature indicates that neonatal exposure to pyrethroids can significantly affect brain development and motor activities, the current research findings reveal that there were no significant differences in the total number of Purkinje cells in the deltamethrin-treated group compared to the control animals. This suggests that while deltamethrin is neurotoxic, the specific dosage and timing of exposure in this study did not affect the survival of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum during the critical postnatal development phase. The study utilized a rigorous design-based stereological sampling method to ensure that the counting process was accurate and statistically robust.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that exposure to deltamethrin at a dosage of 1 mg/kg/day during the neonatal period does not lead to a reduction in the number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of rat pups. While previous research has highlighted the vulnerability of the developing brain to pyrethroid-induced neurotoxicity, the finding that Purkinje cell survival remains unaffected at this exposure level offers valuable insight into the specific effects of deltamethrin on cerebellar development. This study underscores the necessity for further research to explore other neurodevelopmental effects of pyrethroids, as well as the potential implications for human health, particularly in populations frequently exposed to these chemicals.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is deltamethrin and how is it related to neurotoxicity?
Deltamethrin is a type II pyrethroid insecticide known for its widespread agricultural use. It is associated with neurotoxic effects, particularly in neonatal animals that show increased vulnerability to its toxic effects compared to adults.
What was the purpose of the study regarding deltamethrin exposure?
The study aimed to investigate the impact of deltamethrin exposure during the neonatal period on the survival of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of rats, as little research has focused on this specific aspect.
What method was used to count Purkinje cells in this study?
The researchers used the fractionator method, a stereological technique that allows for unbiased counting of neurons without prior assumptions about their size, shape, or orientation.
What were the results regarding Purkinje cell survival after deltamethrin exposure?
The study found no significant difference in the total number of Purkinje cells between the deltamethrin-treated group and the control group, suggesting that the specific dosage had no significant effect on their survival.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Impact of Neonatal Deltamethrin on Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Cells”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Animal:
The term refers to the living organisms, specifically the Sprague Dawley rats used as subjects in this study. Animal models, particularly rodents, are vital in biomedical research to understand biological processes and the effects of substances, such as deltamethrin, on development and behavior, aiding in the knowledge of neurotoxicity.
2) Study (Studying):
This term signifies the systematic investigation undertaken to explore the effects of deltamethrin on Purkinje cells in neonatal rats. Research studies are critical for generating scientific knowledge, allowing researchers to test hypotheses, gather empirical data, and contribute to understanding the neurotoxic impacts of environmental chemicals on development.
3) Insect:
Insects are the targeted organisms of deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide. Understanding how insecticides affect insects is essential for pest management in agriculture and domestic settings. Additionally, examining the broader ecological implications and potential neurotoxic effects in other species, including mammals, underscores the significance of comprehensive environmental safety assessments.
4) Male (Mālē):
This term designates the gender of the rats used in the experiment. Focusing on male subjects is important in biological studies to control for hormonal influences and variations in responses. Gender can significantly impact developmental processes and neurotoxic responses, making it essential to indicate which sex is being examined.
5) Developing:
Developing refers to the growth and maturation stages of the neonatal rats during the study. This period is crucial as the brain undergoes significant changes and is particularly vulnerable to toxins. Assessing developmental impacts of chemicals like deltamethrin is vital to understanding potential long-term effects on growth and cognition.
6) Toxicity:
Toxicity indicates the potential harmful effects of substances, like deltamethrin, on biological systems. The study's focus on neurotoxicity underscores concerns regarding environmental chemicals that can lead to adverse effects on growth and cognitive functions. Understanding toxicity is vital for establishing safety guidelines and regulatory measures to protect health.
7) Cutting:
Cutting refers to the process of slicing the cerebellum into manageable pieces for histological examination. This is essential for the stereological assessment of Purkinje cells. Properly executed cutting techniques ensure that the tissue samples provide representative data, allowing for accurate enumeration and analysis of cell populations and tissue characteristics.
8) Birth:
Birth denotes the commencement of the neonatal phase in the rats' life cycle, which is critical during the exposure to deltamethrin. This developmental milestone signifies the onset of external environmental interactions, influencing growth and brain development. Studying newborns helps to ascertain vulnerabilities and potential effects of toxins experienced early in life.
9) Diet:
Diet refers to the food intake of the rats, which was standardized in this study. Nutritional status can influence health, development, and responses to toxins. Investigating dietary factors is essential for drawing accurate conclusions regarding the impacts of deltamethrin on health and behavior, ensuring findings are applicable to broader contexts.
10) Insect pest:
Insect pests are the organisms targeted by deltamethrin for pest control in agriculture and domestic settings. Understanding insect pest management is crucial for ensuring crop health and economic sustainability. The interconnectedness of insecticides and their broader environmental effects highlights the importance of studying their impacts on non-target species, including mammals.
11) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition represents an inadequate or imbalanced dietary intake, which can lead to deleterious effects on development and health. The study acknowledges that factors like malnutrition can compound the effects of toxic exposure. Understanding this relationship is critical for evaluating overall health risks and developing effective intervention strategies in vulnerable populations.
12) Knowledge:
Knowledge in this context refers to the understanding and information gained from research regarding the effects of deltamethrin on neurological development. Scientific knowledge is foundational for developing safer agricultural practices and understanding the neurotoxicological impacts on health, guiding regulations and informing public health strategies to protect susceptible populations.
13) Substance:
Substance in this study pertains to deltamethrin, the focus of the research. Understanding the behavior and impact of this specific chemical is crucial for recognizing its neurotoxic effects. The study emphasizes the need for thorough investigations of substances in the environment to safeguard health and inform safe usage practices in agriculture.
14) Campu (Campū, Cāmpu):
In the abstract, the term likely refers to 'Campus,' and indicates the research's institutional affiliation. Such affiliations are critical for establishing credibility and facilitating collaboration in research. The ethics committee's approval signifies adherence to ethical standards in animal research, ensuring the humane treatment of experimental subjects during investigations.
15) Glass:
Glass refers to the slides used for examining the brain tissue samples under a microscope. The use of glass slides is standard in histological studies that allow researchers to clearly visualize and analyze cellular structures. The quality and preparation of glass equipment can significantly affect the accuracy of observed results.
16) Water:
Water denotes the fluid provided to the rats throughout the experimental period. Access to clean water is crucial for maintaining the health and hydration of the animals, preventing confounding factors that may influence the study's outcomes. Proper care in the handling of animal subjects ensures valid and reliable data collection.
17) Life:
Life represents the biological existence of the rats used in the study. Understanding the normal developmental trajectory of these organisms is pivotal when assessing the effects of toxic exposure. This term underscores the importance of preserving life and health, particularly concerning vulnerable populations exposed to harmful chemicals.
18) Cage (Cāge):
Cage refers to the housing established for the experimental rats. Properly designed cages ensure that animals are kept in humane conditions, providing adequate space and environment for natural behaviors. The cage environment can influence stress levels and overall well-being, subsequently impacting health and responses to experimental treatments.
19) Crop:
Crop pertains to the agricultural products that are protected from insect pests by deltamethrin and similar insecticides. Understanding crop management strategies and the role of pesticides in protecting food production is crucial for food security. Assessing the environmental and health impacts of such chemical applications is vital for sustainable agricultural practices.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Impact of Neonatal Deltamethrin on Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Cells’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Insect pest, Total number, Objective, Public concern, Present study, Statistical analysis, Control group, Significant difference, Agricultural sector, Insecticide, Treatment group, Statistical Significance, Significant effect, General population, Treated group, Spss software, Acute toxicity, Blood brain barrier, Animal Ethics Committee, Body weight, Experimental rats, Experimental period, Standard Error of Mean, Animal ethics, Control animals, Toxic effect, Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Chronic exposure, Bloodbrain barrier, Standard pellet diet, Neonatal exposure, Tissue preparation, Experimental procedure, Lethal Dose, Normal development, Experimental animal, Median lethal dose, Oral gavage, Neonatal period, Light microscope, Dosing regimen, Systematic random sampling, Granule cell layer, Cerebellar Cortex, Chemical substance, Cerebellum, Deltamethrin insecticide, Tissue processing, Standard error, Physiological saline, Formalin, Adult Rats, Purkinje cells, Mosquito repellent, Plastic cages, Pellet Diet, Tissue section, Neurotoxicants, Microtome, Motor activities, Neonatal rat, Deltamethrin, Tissue blocks, Sprague Dawley rat, Anesthetic ether, Postnatal day.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.