CIS-R Malay Version: Clinical Validation
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: The Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R)–Malay Version, Clinical Validation
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Kavitha Subramaniam, Saroja Krishnaswamy, Abdul Aziz Jemain, Abdul Hamid, Vikram Patel
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: The Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R)–Malay Version, Clinical Validation
Year: 2006
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study focuses on the validation of the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) translated into Malay, aimed at assessing its effectiveness in identifying common mental health issues within the Malaysian population. Utilizing a structured diagnostic instrument originally designed for experienced clinicians, the Malay version was meticulously translated and back-translated to ensure linguistic accuracy. The study involved medical students as raters to assess psychiatric inpatients, outpatients, and their companions, with the results benchmarked against psychiatrist evaluations using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Ultimately, the research seeks to establish the validity of the Malay CIS-R and identify an appropriate cut-off score for diagnosing mental disorders, particularly depression and anxiety.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the CIS-R
The validation results revealed that the Malay version of the CIS-R exhibited remarkable effectiveness, achieving a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96.15% at a cut-off score of 9. Sensitivity refers to the instrument's ability to correctly identify those with the condition, while specificity indicates its proficiency in recognizing those without the condition. The study found that a cut-off score of 9 provided the best discrimination in diagnosing common mental health disorders among the Malaysian population. This score was considered optimal due to its high negative predictive value of 1.00, signifying that individuals classified as not having psychiatric disorders with this cut-off had a definitive likelihood of being free from neurotic conditions. The findings highlighted the CIS-R's potential as a reliable and valid diagnostic tool for mental health assessment in clinical settings and beyond.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the validation of the Malay version of the CIS-R signifies a critical advancement for mental health assessment in Malaysia, indicating its robust reliability and applicability for detecting common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. The study not only underscores the importance of cultural and contextual validation of assessment tools but also emphasizes the necessity for further research within community settings to refine cut-off scores and improve diagnostic accuracy. The findings support the implementation of the CIS-R as a preliminary screening instrument for mental health issues in the Malaysian population, paving the way for improved mental health services and interventions tailored to the cultural context.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of validating the CIS-R Malay version?
The aim is to assess the effectiveness of the CIS-R Malay version in identifying common mental health issues in the Malaysian population, specifically focusing on its validity and establishing an accurate cut-off score.
How was the CIS-R instrument translated into Malay?
The CIS-R questionnaire was translated into Malay through a back-translation process. A language teacher assisted in comparing the original and translated versions to ensure consistent meanings and understanding.
What were the main findings regarding CIS-R sensitivity and specificity?
The Malay version of CIS-R showed 100% sensitivity and 96.15% specificity at a cut-off score of 9, indicating it effectively identifies psychiatric disorders among the Malaysian population.
Why is the cut-off score of 9 significant for Malaysia?
The cut-off score of 9 is recommended as it provides optimal sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing common psychiatric disorders in Malaysian patients, ensuring high accuracy in identifying individuals without misclassification.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “CIS-R Malay Version: Clinical Validation”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' refers to the systematic investigation employed by researchers to validate the Malay version of the CIS-R instrument, which aims to measure its effectiveness in diagnosing mental health issues in Malaysia. This is essential for ensuring that the instrument is suitable for the target population and culture.
2) Mental disorder:
'Mental disorder' signifies a range of psychological conditions that affect an individual's thinking, feeling, and behavior. The study aimed to diagnose common mental disorders like depression and anxiety using the CIS-R instrument, which underscores the importance of accurately identifying such conditions for effective treatment.
3) Reliability:
'Reliability' concerns the consistency of an instrument in measuring what it is intended to measure. In this study, inter-rater reliability was examined to ensure that medical student raters produced consistent assessments, which is crucial for validating the malay version of the CIS-R for diagnostic purposes.
4) Mental health:
'Mental health' encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being impacting how individuals think, feel, and act. The study focused on assessing mental health issues in the Malaysian context, contributing to a better understanding of the prevalence and types of mental disorders in the population being studied.
5) Depression:
'Depression' is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. The study specifically aimed to diagnose depression among other conditions using the CIS-R instrument, highlighting the need for effective screening tools in identifying and treating depressive symptoms.
6) Medicine:
'Medicine' refers to the field that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses and health conditions. In this study, medicine is represented through the involvement of psychiatrists in assessing psychiatric morbidity and validating the CIS-R instrument for mental health diagnosis in clinical settings.
7) Anxiety:
'Anxiety' is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry or fear. The study emphasized detecting anxiety alongside depression using the CIS-R, showing the instrument's relevance in identifying various psychiatric disorders prevalent among populations in Malaysia for effective intervention.
8) India:
'India' serves as a comparative context in the study, referenced through existing literature exploring the CIS-R instrument. Other studies in India provided cutoff scores and validation results, offering insights into demographic variations in mental health disorder detection, spotlighting the necessity of localized assessments.
9) Pur (Pūr):
'Poor' indicates suboptimal performance or low quality. In the context of the studies cited within the research, it denotes lower levels of sensitivity or agreement between various diagnostic tools used. This emphasizes the challenge of accurately diagnosing less common mental disorders within different populations.
10) Attending:
'Attending' refers to the action of being present at a specific location, such as a clinic or hospital. In this study, subjects who were attending psychiatric services served as the primary group for assessing the effectiveness of the CIS-R instrument in detecting mental disorders.
11) Language:
'Language' signifies the means of communication and is central to the study as the CIS-R was translated into Malay. The translation process ensures cultural relevance and comprehension, which is vital for accurately assessing mental health issues in the Malaysian population.
12) Relative:
'Relative' pertains to individuals related to the primary subjects involved in the study, particularly family members or friends accompanying psychiatric patients. They are included in the sample as controls for assessing mental health and reflecting the broader social context in which mental illness occurs.
13) Patel (Paṭel, Pāṭel):
'Patel' acknowledges one of the researchers referenced in the study, specifically in comparative studies on the CIS-R. His work on mental health in India is relevant for understanding the instrument’s application and variation across different cultural settings and disorders.
14) Table:
'Table' denotes the structured data presentation, helping illustrate results, including sensitivity and specificity of the CIS-R instrument. This visual representation aids in understanding study findings, allowing comparisons of diagnostic performance at different cutoff scores essential for developing mental health screening tools.
15) Cannabis:
'Cannabis' represents the discussion on substance use and its correlation with mental health. In studies referenced, cannabis use is examined for its potential effects on mental disorders. This highlights the interplay between substance use and psychiatric assessments, indicating broader contexts of mental health analysis.
16) Indian:
'Indian' signifies a demographic or cultural reference point in the study. It is used in the context of earlier research findings and cutoff scores derived from studies conducted in India, informing comparative discussions about mental health assessments relevant to MALAY populations.
17) Lanka (Laṅkā, Laṅka, Lamka, Lànkà):
'Lanka' refers to Sri Lanka, where research on translating and validating the CIS-R instrument was conducted. Results from studies in Sri Lanka are significant for comparative analyses of mental health instrument effectiveness, showcasing the relevance of localized cultural validation in mental health research.
18) Performance:
'Performance' refers to the effectiveness of the CIS-R instrument in identifying mental disorders. The study evaluates and compares the performance indices like sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values to ensure the instrument's reliability as a mental health diagnostic tool across populations.
19) Composite:
'Composite' refers to the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), a structured interview used for diagnosing mental disorders. The study's references highlight comparisons with CIDI to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the CIS-R instrument, underscoring the importance of cross-validation in diagnosing psychiatric conditions.
20) Kappa:
'Kappa' refers to a statistical measure used to assess agreement between two diagnostic assessments. This metric is vital in evaluating the reliability of the CIS-R when compared to other established psychiatric assessments, providing insights into any discrepancies that may arise.
21) Jana (Jāna, Jaṅa):
'Jana' is a reference name identified within cited studies or researchers, potentially associated with psychiatric terms or methodologies discussed. Its mention highlights collaborative perspectives in mental health research that contribute to broader understanding and validation efforts for instruments like the CIS-R.
22) Male (Mālē):
'Male' denotes one of the gender categories of the study participants. Understanding gender distribution is important in mental health research as it can impact prevalence, presentation, and response to treatment for psychiatric disorders, influencing analysis and assessment strategies.
23) Drug:
'Drug' signifies substances used for medicinal or recreational purposes, which may influence mental health outcomes. The reference to drugs in the study illustrates the need to understand the relationship between substance use and mental health disorders, further informing diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Other Health Sciences Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘CIS-R Malay Version: Clinical Validation’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
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