Postpartum Depression Incidence in Malay Women, Bachok, Kelantan

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Postpartum Depression Incidence in Malay Women, Bachok, Kelantan”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Depression:
Depression refers to a mental health condition that significantly impacts the emotional and psychological well-being of an individual. In the provided study, postpartum depression is highlighted, indicating how it can affect not only the individuals experiencing it but also their families and communities at large, exacerbating issues like marital difficulties and child development problems.

2) Study (Studying):
The study is a systematic investigation into postpartum depression among Malay women in Kelantan, Malaysia. It utilizes a two-stage population survey approach, involving screening with GHQ-30 followed by interviews with potential cases identified. The aim is to accurately assess incidences and associated risk factors, contributing valuable data for mental health services.

3) Medicine:
Medicine, as referenced in the study, pertains to the health discipline involved in diagnosing, treating, and preventing various physical and mental ailments. The study signifies the importance of understanding postpartum depression within the broader context of psychiatric and maternal health, advocating for integrated healthcare approaches.

4) Marriage:
Marriage plays a central role in the lives of the study’s participants, particularly among Malay women. The study underscores how marital problems, especially related to financial stress, are significant risk factors for postpartum depression, revealing that the marital relationship is integral to maternal mental health and well-being.

5) Birth:
Birth signifies a critical life event with profound implications for the mother's physical and mental health. The study focuses on postpartum conditions after delivery, revealing how the transition to motherhood can impact mental health and identifying factors that exacerbate postpartum depression in the context of cultural expectations.

6) Family:
Family dynamics are crucial to understanding postpartum depression. The study discusses how relationships within the family, including spousal support and socioeconomic status, affect maternal mental health. A supportive family environment can mitigate stress, while problems can exacerbate depressive symptoms, thus impacting children’s well-being.

7) Reason:
Reason refers to the underlying factors identified in the study that contribute to postpartum depression. Financial difficulties and lack of proper social support emerged as significant reasons affecting the Malay women's mental health, emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues within family and community contexts.

8) Hara (Hāra):
Hara refers to O'Hara, a key researcher cited in the study. O'Hara's work on the association between marital problems and postpartum depression enriches the discussion on mental health. The study utilizes findings from meta-analyses by O'Hara to bolster claims regarding the impact of marital stress on postpartum mental health.

9) Life:
Life encompasses the experiences of postpartum women in the study. The transition into motherhood is multifaceted, often bringing joy but also significant emotional challenges. The study seeks to understand how life events, particularly significant ones like childbirth, influence the mental health landscape and risk factors for postpartum depression.

10) Nature:
Nature in this context refers to the inherent characteristics and factors surrounding postpartum depression, including its symptoms and impact. The study emphasizes understanding the nature of depression, exploring biological, psychological, and social dimensions, critical for developing appropriate interventions and support systems for affected women.

11) Hand:
Hand symbolizes the support systems available to postpartum women. In the study, the assistance provided by family members and traditional birth attendants during recovery showcases how communal and relational aspects can play a role in alleviating stressors associated with childbirth and decreasing the likelihood of postpartum depression.

12) Mental health:
Mental health refers to the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals. This study specifically examines postpartum mental health, revealing the urgency for recognition and intervention strategies for conditions like postpartum depression prevalent among new mothers, necessitating healthcare services and community awareness.

13) Science (Scientific):
Science plays a critical role in the research methodology of the study, facilitating a structured analysis of postpartum depression. By employing established psychological assessments and epidemiological methods, the research contributes to scientific knowledge and enhances understanding of the mental health challenges faced by postpartum women.

14) Observing:
Observing refers to the practice of monitoring and assessing postpartum depression among the study's subjects. This process is key in identifying the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression, ensuring that interventions can be tailored effectively to meet the specific needs of postpartum women.

15) Village:
Village pertains to the rural setting of Beris Kubor Besar, where the study was conducted. The cultural and socioeconomic context of village life profoundly influences the experiences of postpartum women, shaping their social support systems and potentially amplifying or mitigating risk factors for postpartum depression.

16) Disease:
Disease, in this context, relates to the impairments in mental health evident in postpartum depression. Identifying postpartum depression as a 'disease' necessitates serious healthcare attention to ensure affected women receive timely interventions and support that can alleviate symptoms and enhance overall well-being.

17) Indian:
Indian references the diverse ethnic context of Malaysia, indicating that postpartum depression might manifest differently across cultures. The study focuses exclusively on Malay women, but understanding the intersection of ethnicity and postpartum mental health is important for developing culturally sensitive mental health services in a multicultural society.

18) Hatta (Haṭṭa):
Hatta refers to Abdul Hatta, a co-author cited in the study emphasizing the collaborative nature of research in understanding postpartum depression in Malaysia. The contribution of local researchers is crucial for validating studies within specific cultural contexts, thus providing relevant insights into maternal mental health issues in Malaysia.

19) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar refers to a key researcher linked to postpartum depression studies cited in the article. His work plays an important role in cementing toxic links between emotional disorders and childbirth, thus providing foundational knowledge to the study's findings and stresses the necessity of understanding postpartum mental health.

20) Male (Mālē):
Male indicates the gender of newborns, which is examined in the cultural context of the study. However, unlike some cultures that place significant gender value on male children, the findings reveal no association between the sex of newborns and postpartum depression, suggesting cultural influences on maternal mental health.

21) Post:
Post refers to the period after childbirth, particularly in relation to the psychological challenges that can arise during this time, such as postpartum depression. Recognizing this important postpartum phase helps to focus attention on mental health pastoral care immediately following birth, crucial for new mothers.

22) Pur (Pūr):
Poor underscores the socioeconomic status of participants in the study, revealing that a significant percentage of women belong to low-income families. Financial constraints significantly impact mental health, with the findings indicating that lower socioeconomic status correlates with increased incidence of postpartum depression among the studied women.

23) Mental disorder:
Mental disorder encompasses conditions that affect emotional well-being, including postpartum depression. Identified as a prevalent issue, further exploration into specific characteristics of mental disorders, their risk factors, and their societal implications is necessary for understanding and addressing maternal mental health in postpartum care.

24) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the assessment tools utilized in the study, such as the GHQ-30 and Clinical Interview Schedule. Accurate measurement is essential for diagnosing postpartum depression, ensuring that the prevalence and associated risk factors are identified correctly, thereby enhancing intervention strategies for affected women.

25) Agriculture:
Agriculture reflects the predominant livelihood in the study's rural context of Karis Kubor Besar. Economic reliance on agriculture significantly influences family income and stability, which directly correlates with maternal mental health status and risk factors associated with postpartum depression in this socio-economic setting.

26) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing refers to the behavior of the women involved in the study, particularly regarding traditional postpartum practices like ‘pantang larang’. Understanding these practices and their impact on postpartum mental health is important as cultural observances may compound the stressors associated with child-rearing.

27) Developing:
Developing reflects the need for enhanced mental health services particularly tailored for postpartum women in the study area. The research highlights a significant gap in psychological support, necessitating the development of programs aimed at addressing the unique challenges faced by new mothers in rural communities.

28) Education:
Education indicates the level of formal schooling among the postpartum women studied. Lower levels of education can influence maternal mental health, as education is linked to health literacy, awareness of mental health issues, and access to resources that can mitigate postpartum depression's incidence and impact.

29) Attending:
Attending refers to the engagement with healthcare services by postpartum women. Understanding attendance patterns within the study cohort assists in identifying barriers to seeking help for postpartum depression and emphasizes the necessity of increasing awareness and accessibility of mental health resources.

30) Composite:
Composite in this context synthesizes the various risk factors identified in the study, illustrating a comprehensive profile of the woman most at risk for postpartum depression. This composite serves as a critical tool for clinicians to identify and support women with heightened vulnerabilities during the postpartum period.

31) Psychosis:
Psychosis is a severe mental health disorder that may manifest postpartum but is distinct from postpartum depression. The study provides a broader context within which postpartum depression is situated, illustrating the varying degrees of mental health conditions that can affect women after childbirth.

32) Training:
Training refers to the preparation and education of healthcare providers in recognizing and addressing postpartum depression. Ensuring that professionals are well-trained in these areas promotes effective early intervention strategies, facilitating better outcomes for maternal mental health in clinical settings.

33) Language:
Language denotes the necessity of using linguistically and culturally appropriate assessment tools in the study. The research utilized the Malay version of the GHQ-30, highlighting the importance of language in accurately measuring mental health conditions within diverse populations and ensuring effective communication.

34) Teaching:
Teaching reflects the educational efforts about mental health and postpartum depression aimed at women and healthcare providers in the study area. Increasing awareness and providing education on recognizing and addressing postpartum challenges can improve maternal outcomes and encourage women to seek necessary support.

35) Relative:
Relative refers to family members close to postpartum women who can provide support during the challenging period after childbirth. The study emphasizes the role relatives play in mental health, affecting women's experiences and their coping mechanisms related to postpartum challenges.

36) Pustaka:
Pustaka refers to a publisher known for educational and academic materials, highlighting the relevance of scholarly resources in understanding and addressing postpartum depression. Access to literature and research supports informed practices among healthcare providers and enhances awareness among mothers regarding mental health.

37) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standard of mental health services available to postpartum women. High-quality services are essential for effective management and intervention for postpartum depression, necessitating continuous improvements in healthcare delivery systems to better support maternal mental health needs.

38) Company:
Company symbolizes the social environment surrounding postpartum women, including the support provided by family and friends. Positive social relationships are crucial for emotional well-being and can significantly impact the mental health of women experiencing postpartum depression.

39) Rohana (Rohanā, Rohaṇa):
Rohana refers to a key figure associated with the study’s academic context, demonstrating the contribution of local insights to maternal mental health research. Rohana's work contributes to understanding the societal norms and cultural dimensions relevant to postpartum depression in the Malay community.

40) Thomas:
Thomas denotes a researcher whose work informs the understanding of postpartum depression related to cultural and societal influences. Mentioning Thomas provides credibility and situates the study within a broader discourse on maternal mental health, integrating local and global perspectives.

41) Table:
Table signifies the organization of data presented in the study. Data tables are essential for systematically summarizing findings related to postpartum depression, allowing for clearer communication of results and facilitating understanding of complex relationships among variables assessed in the research.

42) Rules:
Rules refer to societal norms and expectations surrounding childbirth and motherhood, which can influence a woman's mental health. The study illustrates how adherence to cultural rules can either provide support or stress, affecting the mental health outcomes for postpartum women in the community.

43) Pride:
Pride reflects the cultural significance placed on motherhood within the Malay community. A new mother’s sense of identity and self-esteem can heavily influence her mental health, as expectations related to motherhood may affect susceptibility to postpartum depression and her overall familial relationships.

44) Field:
Field refers to the broader area of study concerning maternal mental health. The integration of research findings within the field of postpartum depression facilitates ongoing conversations among healthcare providers, policymakers, and community members about enhancing support for affected women.

45) Blood:
Blood symbolically represents a mother's physical and emotional connection to childbirth. Experiences associated with blood during and after delivery, including traditional beliefs about postpartum recovery, may impact mental health, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches in addressing postpartum depression.

46) Raja (Rāja, Rājā):
Raja signifies cultural leadership, often referred to within the study for guiding social norms and expectations about motherhood. Raja underscores the influence of traditional beliefs and practices on postpartum mental health, illuminating how cultural dimensions shape women's experiences.

47) Line:
Line can denote the income level or socioeconomic status explored in the study. The analysis of income lines helps to indicate how financial stability relates to the development of postpartum depression, illustrating the critical intersection of economic factors and maternal mental health.

48) Milk:
Milk symbolizes breastfeeding and its relation to maternal mental health. The study identified not breastfeeding as a risk factor for postpartum depression, discussing the critical role of breastfeeding in supporting emotional well-being and improving maternal-child bond, essential for healthy postpartum recovery.

49) Drug:
Drug refers to medications potentially impacting mood disorders related to postpartum depression. Understanding the role of pharmacological interventions can provide insights for improving postpartum mental health treatment options. The study may encourage discussions on the intersection of drug use and maternal mental health support.