Comparative study of 980nm diode laser impact on soft tissue.

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Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Comparative evaluation of thermal impact of 980nm diode laser on soft tissue using irrigation and non-irrigation systems: A histomorphometric study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Bharmappa Radhika, Sharath Wodeyar Shivaswamy, Amit Walvekar, Kunaal Dhingra, Rashmi Somashekhar Pattanshetty, Raju Shashidara


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Comparative evaluation of thermal impact of 980nm diode laser on soft tissue using irrigation and non-irrigation systems: A histomorphometric study

Year: 2024 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_218

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Periodontal disease affects the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, and can lead to significant post-operative complications if treated with conventional surgical methods. Diode lasers, particularly the 980-nm variant, have gained attention in dental practices for their ability to perform surgical and non-surgical procedures with reduced discomfort and improved outcomes compared to traditional methods. This study aims to evaluate the thermal impact of 980-nm diode laser incisions on soft tissue, specifically examining the differences when using an irrigation system versus no irrigation.

Improved Tissue Preservation with Saline Irrigation

The study demonstrates that using saline irrigation while employing a 980-nm diode laser significantly increases the depth of laser incisions while reducing areas of carbonization and necrosis. The mean incision depth with irrigation was measured at 592.49 μm, in contrast to 392.55 μm without irrigation, showcasing the superior cutting efficiency when coupled with irrigative measures. Additionally, the study revealed a marked decrease in necrotic tissue in samples treated with saline, highlighting the advantages of irrigation in reducing collateral thermal damage, which is crucial for optimal wound healing post-procedure.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the benefits of utilizing saline irrigation during diode laser procedures to minimize thermal tissue damage without compromising the cutting effectiveness of the laser. While the results are promising, further research is warranted to explore whether continuous saline irrigation can further enhance cutting efficiency and tissue preservation, especially in clinical settings. Future studies should focus on larger sample sizes and controlled irrigation systems to ensure the clinical applicability of these findings.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the objective of the study on diode lasers?

The study aimed to evaluate the thermal impact of a 980-nm diode laser on soft tissues, comparing the effects of using saline irrigation versus no irrigation during surgical procedures.

How did the study compare irrigation methods?

Twenty-four gingival tissue samples from goats were divided into two groups. One group used saline irrigation while the other did not, and various histological parameters were assessed after laser incisions.

What were the major findings regarding tissue damage?

The results showed that laser incisions with irrigation resulted in a greater incision depth but significantly less carbonization and necrosis compared to incisions made without irrigation, indicating reduced collateral tissue damage.

What type of tissue was studied in this research?

The study utilized gingival tissue samples obtained from the mandible and maxilla of goats, as their periodontal structure is similar to that of humans, aiding in clinical relevance.

What is the significance of using saline irrigation?

Saline irrigation during laser procedures minimizes thermal damage to soft tissues without compromising cutting efficiency, which is crucial for effective wound healing and patient recovery.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Comparative study of 980nm diode laser impact on soft tissue.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
The keyword 'Table' is relevant as it refers to a structured arrangement of data, showcasing various parameters and their statistical comparisons in the study. Tables often facilitate easier understanding of complex information and help readers quickly discern trends, averages, and variances pertinent to the research being presented.

2) Incision:
The word 'Incision' signifies the surgical cut made in tissue, a crucial aspect of the study focusing on the effectiveness of diode lasers. Understanding incision depth, width, and associated thermal damage is essential for evaluating surgical techniques and improving outcomes in periodontal procedures.

3) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' pertains to the research endeavor undertaken to explore and analyze the effects of diode lasers on gingival tissues. It underscores the systematic investigation of a specific hypothesis, aiming to provide empirical evidence supporting clinical practices and enhancing techniques in periodontal therapy.

4) Pulse:
The word 'Pulse' in this context refers to the method of delivering laser energy in short bursts, known as super short pulse mode. This technique is significant as it permits effective cutting while minimizing thermal damage to surrounding tissues, making it a focus of the research discussions.

5) Water:
The keyword 'Water' is relevant due to its role in irrigation methods during laser procedures. Use of water (or saline) for cooling is critical in reducing thermal injury to tissues, thus enhancing patient safety and recovery, as supported by findings in this study concerning diode laser applications.

6) Cutting:
The term 'Cutting' relates to the primary surgical function of a laser, specifically its ability to incise tissue efficiently. The study analyzes how different settings and irrigation methods impact the cutting efficiency alongside thermal damage, making this keyword central to understanding the laser's surgical applicability.

7) Line:
The word 'Line' may refer to the demarcation between different tissue zones resulting from incisions made by the laser. Accurately delineating these lines is essential during histological analysis to evaluate the extent of thermal damage and assess the effectiveness of irrigation techniques used in the study.

8) Measurement:
The keyword 'Measurement' pertains to the quantitative evaluation of incision characteristics and thermal damage in the tissue samples. Precise measurements, facilitated by image analysis software, are crucial for statistical analysis, allowing researchers to draw conclusions regarding the effects of diode lasers and irrigation methods.

9) Animal:
The term 'Animal' refers to the use of goat gingiva in the study, which serves as a model for human tissue. This relevance stems from anatomical similarities, allowing for a controlled experimental approach to understanding the implications of laser surgical techniques before applying findings to clinical practice with humans.

10) Surrounding:
The word 'Surrounding' highlights the importance of collateral thermal damage that lasers can inadvertently cause to the tissues around the incision site. This concept is critical in assessing the safety of laser applications and improving techniques to minimize unwanted injury during surgical procedures.

11) Science (Scientific):
The keyword 'Scientific' emphasizes the evidence-based nature of the study, denoting a structured approach to investigating the effects of laser use in dentistry. It signifies the reliance on empirical data and methodology, which underpins the validity and reliability of research outcomes in clinical applications.

12) Relative:
The word 'Relative' suggests the comparison of various parameters within the study, such as the effectiveness of irrigation versus no irrigation. This comparative perspective is vital in drawing conclusions about the advantages or disadvantages of different surgical methodologies in minimizing thermal damage during laser incisions.

13) Surface:
The term 'Surface' relates to the interface of tissue where the laser incisions are applied. Understanding the characteristics and responses of the tissue surface to laser energy is essential in evaluating cutting effectiveness and addressing thermal impact, ultimately influencing surgical practice and patient outcomes.

14) Rules:
The keyword 'Rules' likely refers to the established protocols or guidelines observed in conducting the study. Rules in scientific research underpin the methodology, ensuring consistency, validity, and the reliability of results achieved, which are vital for acceptance in the broader scientific community.

15) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
The word 'Accumulation' pertains to the build-up of heat in tissues during laser exposure. Understanding heat accumulation is critical as it directly influences the extent of thermal damage to surrounding tissues, determining the safety and efficacy of laser treatments in periodontal applications.

16) Bleeding:
The term 'Bleeding' highlights a surgical consideration in laser dentistry, where controlled cutting methodologies aim to minimize post-operative bleeding. The study's context implies that efficient laser use should enhance hemostasis, thereby reducing complications and improving patient recovery times.

17) Disease:
The keyword 'Disease' relates to the primary concern of periodontal therapies addressed in the study. Understanding diseases affecting gingival tissues informs the significance of effective treatment modalities, such as laser surgery, which aim to rectify tissue damage while enhancing healing and minimizing collateral harm.

18) Repair:
The word 'Repair' refers to the physiological processes that restore damaged tissues following surgical interventions. The study examines how different surgical techniques and the use of cooling methods influence tissue repair patterns, which could have substantial implications for improving clinical outcomes and patient well-being.

19) Edema (Oedema):
The term 'Edema,' indicating the accumulation of fluid in tissues, is relevant to post-surgical healing. The study likely addresses edema levels as a parameter influenced by surgical techniques, aiming to minimize complications such as swelling through the effective use of lasers and irrigation.

20) Death:
The keyword 'Death' pertains to the timelines involved in processing animal tissues post-sacrifice. Proper handling and storage of the gingival samples immediately after death are critical to preserving tissue integrity for research purposes, impacting the validity and applicability of study outcomes.

21) Pain:
The term 'Pain' refers to a significant concern in surgical procedures, including laser surgery. The study evaluates how different methodologies and irrigation techniques influence post-operative pain experiences, aiming to optimize surgical outcomes and patient comfort through enhanced cutting techniques.

22) Reliability:
The keyword 'Reliability' is essential in establishing the trustworthiness of the study findings. Assessing the consistency and reproducibility of results through structured experimental designs and appropriate statistical analyses forms the foundation for making valid claims about the effects of laser techniques in clinical practice.

23) Discussion:
The word 'Discussion' indicates a critical component of scholarly work, where results are interpreted, contextualized, and compared with existing literature. This section allows researchers to explore the implications of their findings, address limitations, and propose avenues for future study, enhancing the study’s scholarly contribution.

24) Container:
The term 'Container' often refers to storage systems used for preserving biological samples, such as the airtight containers utilized for the gingival tissue. Ensuring optimal conditions during sample handling is crucial for minimizing degradation and maintaining the integrity of the specimens for accurate analysis.

25) Swelling:
The term 'Swelling' relates to the body's inflammatory response and is of concern post-surgery. Understanding how different incision methods and irrigation techniques influence swelling is critical for patient comfort and recovery, highlighting the importance of minimizing tissue trauma during laser applications.

26) Species:
The word 'Species' pertains to the relevance of using goat tissues as a model for human conditions within the study. Recognizing the equivalences and disparities among species aids in understanding translational implications for clinical practices once the findings from animal studies are applied to humans.

27) Reason:
The term 'Reason' may refer to the justifications behind the methodological choices made within the study. Providing logical reasons for selecting particular techniques for the experimental procedures strengthens the narrative, ensuring that the study's approach is justified based on existing literature or theoretical frameworks.

28) Filling (Filled):
The word 'Filled' relates to the condition of storage containers used for tissue samples, particularly those filled with ice or thermal insulation mediums. Proper filling is essential for temperature regulation, ensuring viable tissues are available for subsequent experimental procedures and analyses.

29) Glass:
The keyword 'Glass' likely pertains to laboratory glassware used in histological procedures, such as slides for tissue sections. The use of appropriate glass containers is paramount for ensuring the reliability of staining and microscopic examination processes, contributing to the accuracy of histopathological evaluations.

30) Field:
The term 'Field' relates to the area of practice or research scope involving dental lasers in periodontal therapies. Identifying specific fields of study helps contextualize the relevance of findings in a broader medical and dental landscape, influencing ongoing research and clinical applications.

31) Shan (San):
The word 'Shan' relates to a researcher whose work is cited within the study. Referencing other scholars supports the academic rigor of the research, integrating findings from multiple studies to present a comprehensive view of the effects of cooling methods in reducing thermal damage during laser procedures.

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