NLRP3 protein in saliva is elevated in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis.

| Posted in: Science Health Sciences

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Salivary levels of NLRP3 protein are significantly raised in chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Dax Abraham, Arundeep Singh, Anjana Goyal


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Salivary levels of NLRP3 protein are significantly raised in chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies

Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_185

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the periodontal tissues, poses significant challenges due to its prevalence, with nearly half of the global population affected. Among its two forms, chronic periodontitis is notably more common. Current diagnostic tools, predominantly clinical evaluation methods, fail to capture the actual disease process. Therefore, identifying more reliable diagnostic tools is imperative. Recent studies have suggested the potential of molecular biomarkers, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, which has been linked to various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the role of salivary NLRP3 inflammasome levels as a biomarker in chronic periodontitis.

The Significance of NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Biomarker

The findings from the meta-analysis indicate that salivary NLRP3 levels are significantly elevated in patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. The research included three observational studies that utilized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyze NLRP3 levels in saliva. Results revealed a relative risk of 1.05 for raised NLRP3 levels in chronic periodontitis patients, with a statistically significant difference observed (P = 0.01). The assessment of bias demonstrated low risks across the included studies, supporting NLRP3 inflammasome's potential as a reliable biomarker to identify the type and progression of periodontal disease. This suggests that NLRP3 could serve as a significant tool for clinicians to gauge disease severity and direct treatment approaches.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the review concludes that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising biomarker associated with chronic periodontitis, warranting further clinical trials to validate its usage in clinical practice. The need for robust studies is emphasized to build a stronger correlation between NLRP3 levels and periodontal diseases, thereby enhancing the understanding and management of this prevalent condition. The ability to detect disease progression through non-invasive salivary analysis may lead to improved patient outcomes and marked advancements in periodontal diagnostics.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the main purpose of the systematic review?

The systematic review aims to identify the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential biomarker for detecting chronic periodontitis and monitoring its progress, addressing the lack of confirmatory tests for periodontal disease.

How many studies were included in the meta-analysis?

Three case observational studies were included in the meta-analysis after a thorough search, fulfilling the specific inclusion criteria related to chronic periodontitis and NLRP3 inflammasome levels in saliva.

What significant findings were reported regarding NLRP3 levels?

The analysis revealed that NLRP3 levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to healthy controls, suggesting its potential role as a reliable biomarker for periodontal disease.

What diagnostic methods are currently used for periodontal disease?

Current diagnostic methods for periodontal disease include clinical evaluations like bleeding on probing and pocket depth measurements, but they do not accurately reflect the disease process or its progression.

What limitations were noted regarding the existing studies?

The review noted limitations such as a small number of studies, variability in sample collection methods and populations, and the need for more robust clinical trials to support the findings.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “NLRP3 protein in saliva is elevated in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Field:
The term 'field' refers to the specific area of study or research, in this case, related to periodontal diseases. It encompasses various sub-disciplines, methodologies, and clinical applications within dental and medical research, focusing on understanding the characteristics, treatment, and diagnosis of diseases affecting the periodontal tissues.

2) Table:
In research, 'table' typically refers to a systematic arrangement of data or findings. It summarizes essential information collected from studies, often displaying comparisons, statistics, and measurements succinctly for easy interpretation. Tables are invaluable for presenting complex data in a structured manner for readers.

3) Disease:
'Disease' refers to any abnormal condition affecting the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms and clinical signs. In this text, it particularly pertains to periodontal diseases, which can lead to significant oral health issues, including inflammation, tissue damage, and tooth loss, impacting overall well-being.

4) Study (Studying):
'Study' denotes the systematic investigation of a particular hypothesis or question. It involves research methodologies such as observational studies or clinical trials designed to collect data, analyze results, and draw conclusions. In the context of the text, it refers to studies on NLRP3 inflammasome and periodontal disease.

5) Mitra:
'Mitra' refers to the last name of one of the researchers whose work is cited within the text. It emphasizes the collaborative nature of research, indicating contributions to the field of periodontology, particularly regarding the correlation between NLRP3 inflammasome levels and chronic periodontitis in their studies.

6) Nature:
'Nature' generally refers to the inherent characteristics or qualities of something. In the context of this research, it highlights the significance of identifying and understanding the underlying causes and processes of periodontal diseases, including inflammatory responses and the role of specific biomarkers like the NLRP3 inflammasome.

7) Indian:
The term 'Indian' in this context indicates the geographical and cultural background of some study populations involved in the research. It acknowledges regional variations in periodontal disease prevalence and clinical practices, which can influence research outcomes and the applicability of findings across different populations and settings.

8) Rules:
'Rules' signify the guidelines or protocols that govern scientific research and methodologies. In academic research, rules ensure that studies comply with ethical standards, statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. They help maintain integrity and credibility in drawing conclusions across various research domains.

9) Knowledge:
Knowledge reflects the understanding acquired through learning and experience. In scientific research, it encompasses both theoretical insights and empirical data that inform clinical practices and guide future investigations. Knowledge in periodontology aids in developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for periodontal diseases.

10) Forest:
'Forest' may refer metaphorically to the complexity and interconnections within a body of research, akin to a biological ecosystem. In the context of meta-analysis, it signifies the compilation of diverse studies into a comprehensive view, helping researchers navigate through varied data sources to discern underlying trends.

11) Koca:
'Koca' is another researcher referenced in the text, whose work contributes to the understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome in various diseases. The inclusion of this name acknowledges the collaborative effort in broadening the knowledge base about the inflammatory processes related to periodontitis and systemic health issues.

12) Rich (Rch):
'Rich' denotes an abundance or depth of something. In the context of biomarkers or findings, it suggests a wealth of evidence indicating the significant role of specific factors, like NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic periodontitis, highlighting the importance of these findings in shaping future research and clinical practice.

13) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint pain. The text references this condition to illustrate the broader implications of the NLRP3 inflammasome beyond periodontal diseases, suggesting its potential role in various systemic inflammatory conditions and how research in one area may inform others.

14) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or tissue injury. It plays a central role in periodontal diseases, as it leads to the destruction of tissues. The research primarily focuses on understanding how specific proteins, like NLRP3, influence inflammatory processes within periodontal contexts.

15) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section of a research paper where the author interprets results, acknowledges study limitations, and suggests implications for future research. It allows for engagement with existing literature, addressing how findings align with or diverge from current understanding in periodontology and related fields.

16) Suffering:
'Suffering' highlights the impact of diseases like chronic periodontitis on individuals' quality of life. It signifies the pain and difficulties faced by patients, framing the necessity for research to improve diagnostic and treatment methods, ultimately aiming to alleviate the burden of disease on patients’ lives.

17) Composite:
'Composite' refers to something composed of different elements or parts. In medical terms, it may describe a set of symptoms or characteristics that together indicate a specific condition. The term underlines that periodontal diseases arise from a combination of factors, including bacteria, host response, and environmental influences.

18) Medicine:
'Medicine' pertains to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. It encompasses a range of disciplines focused on improving patient health. The text ties in the relevancy of medical research to dental health, suggesting that findings from periodontology might influence broader medical practices.

19) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' is a significant clinical sign in periodontal disease, often assessed during examination. Its presence can indicate inflammation and tissue destruction, warranting further investigation. Understanding bleeding patterns helps clinicians diagnose and monitor the progression of periodontal diseases, emphasizing the need for reliable biomarkers for effective treatment.

20) Relative:
'Relative' denotes a comparison between two or more entities. In research findings, relative risk or odds ratios indicate how much more likely an outcome is in one group compared to another. This concept helps quantify the significance of findings, particularly in assessing the impact of markers like NLRP3 in disease.

21) Meeting:
'Meeting' in a research context may refer to conferences or gatherings where researchers share findings, collaborate, and discuss advancements. These events play a crucial role in disseminating knowledge, fostering professional relationships, and catalyzing new research ideas, ultimately contributing to the growth of scientific understanding in disciplines.

22) Animal:
'Animal' signifies a category of studies focusing on non-human subjects, often used in preclinical research to investigate disease mechanisms and potential therapies. In this context, it highlights the distinction between animal and human studies, underscoring the relevance of human-based research findings for clinical applications in periodontology.

23) Glass:
'Glass,' when used metaphorically, can refer to transparency and clarity in research. It might suggest the need for clear, reliable evidence in studies. A clear 'glass' can symbolize straightforward presentation and interpretation of data, enhancing understanding and trust in scientific findings and their implications for practice.

24) Line:
'Line' often refers to a boundary or distinction. In this context, it could suggest the division between healthy and disease states, as well as the importance of drawing clear lines in diagnostics and treatment practices in periodontology. Establishing such demarcations helps define appropriate intervention strategies.

25) Hand:
'Hand' usually conveys a sense of action or involvement. In scientific discourse, it may symbolize the researchers' active role in exploring, analyzing, and presenting findings. It highlights the necessity of a proactive approach to advance knowledge in periodontology through dedicated research efforts.

26) Male:
'Male' refers to one of the genders often considered in clinical studies, as gender differences can influence disease prevalence, symptomatology, and responses to treatment. In periodontology, understanding male and female differences is crucial for developing tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that address each population's specific needs.

Other Health Sciences Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘NLRP3 protein in saliva is elevated in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis.’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Qualitative data, Innate immunity, Chronic periodontitis, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Quantitative Data, Systematic review and meta-analysis, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, Oral biofilm, Molecular biomarkers, NLRP3 inflammasome, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Salivary levels, Risk of bias assessment, Dysbiotic shift, Case observational studies, Noninvasive detection, Critical appraisal checklist.

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