Retrospective study on plasma cell gingivitis analysis.

| Posted in: Science Health Sciences

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of plasma cell gingivitis- A retrospective study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Vandana Gupta, Harpreet Kaur, Vikender Singh Yadav, Sunny Kala, Deepika Mishra


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of plasma cell gingivitis- A retrospective study

Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_67

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is a rare benign condition characterized by the infiltration of plasma cells in the gingiva, and it has various clinical presentations. The etiology is often unclear, though it can be linked to allergic reactions or environmental factors. This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of confirmed PCG cases at a tertiary care dental hospital while also exploring the role of specific immunohistochemical markers in differentiating PCG from plasma cell dyscrasias.

The Role of Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis

In the study, nine confirmed PCG cases were evaluated, revealing a female predominance and a wide age range (14-82 years). Microscopic examination showed prominent plasma cell infiltrates with specific staining patterns for immunohistochemical markers, including CD138, Ki67, CD56, and CD117. The findings indicated a polyclonal nature of plasma cells reflected by mixed kappa and lambda light chain expression and low Ki67 proliferation index, suggesting a benign process. Notably, the study identified that the combination of immunonegativity for CD56 and CD117 along with low Ki67 counts could serve as valuable diagnostic adjuncts to help distinguish PCG from malignant plasma cell disorders.

Conclusion

The study highlighted the clinicopathological features of PCG, establishing that histological evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosis. The incorporation of immunohistochemical markers offers additional insight, particularly in challenging cases where differentiation from malignant conditions is necessary. However, the small sample size warrants further research with a larger cohort to validate these findings and enhance diagnostic accuracy for PCG.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is plasma cell gingivitis (PCG)?

Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is a rare benign condition characterized by diffuse, erythematous enlargement of the gingiva, primarily caused by possible allergic reactions, although the exact cause often remains unidentified.

What were the demographics of the studied PCG cases?

The study reviewed nine cases of PCG, comprising three males and six females, with ages ranging from 14 to 82 years. The mean age of presentation was 45.3 years.

How is PCG diagnosed and differentiated from malignancies?

PCG is diagnosed through histopathology and immunohistochemical markers like CD138, CD56, CD117, and Ki67. Immunonegativity for CD56 and CD117, along with low Ki67, aids in differentiating PCG from malignant plasma cell dyscrasias.

What is the common treatment for plasma cell gingivitis?

The primary treatment for PCG is gingivectomy, sometimes followed by surgical excision of the lesion. Patients should also eliminate any identified risk factors, such as particular dietary components or oral products.

What are the clinical features of PCG?

PCG commonly presents as generalized gingival enlargement with an erythematous appearance. It may involve the marginal and attached gingiva, and is often associated with conditions like glossitis and cheilitis.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Retrospective study on plasma cell gingivitis analysis.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to structured data presentations in the study, providing organized clinical characteristics of plasma cell gingivitis cases like age, gender, and histological findings. Tables facilitate quick reference, comparison, and analysis of data by summarizing the results clearly, aiding in understanding patient demographics and outcomes.

2) Kappa:
Kappa is a type of light chain protein found in antibody structures, relevant for diagnosing plasma cell dyscrasias. In the context of plasma cell gingivitis, the kappa to lambda light chain ratio helps assess the clonality of plasma cell populations, distinguishing between benign reactive conditions and lymphoma or multiple myeloma.

3) Male:
'Male' indicates a gender classification of individuals in the study. In the research findings, male patients were less frequent than female cases of plasma cell gingivitis. This classification supports demographic analysis and underscores any potential gender-related predispositions or differing presentation patterns in this oral condition.

4) Study (Studying):
'Study' encompasses the research conducted to gather data on plasma cell gingivitis cases at a dental institute. The study's aim is to detail clinical presentations, demographics, and histopathological characteristics, contributing to medical knowledge and helping clinicians diagnose and manage this condition effectively, given its rare and occasionally unclear nature.

5) Disease:
'Disease' refers to plasma cell gingivitis, a specific pathological condition characterized by an abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the gingiva. Understanding this disease includes recognizing its clinical features, potential causes, and differential diagnoses, as well as implementing appropriate treatment strategies to manage patients effectively.

6) Sign:
'Sign' generally pertains to observable manifestations in patients, such as symptoms or clinical findings associated with plasma cell gingivitis. Identifying specific signs assists healthcare providers in diagnosing the condition accurately and discerning it from other gingival lesions or diseases through careful clinical examination.

7) Swelling:
'Swelling' describes a prominent clinical feature of plasma cell gingivitis, where the gingiva appears enlarged and possibly inflamed. This symptom is crucial for diagnosis, as it provides visual evidence of pathology and helps differentiate between various gingival diseases, also indicating the severity of the condition.

8) Nature:
'Nature' refers to the intrinsic qualities or characteristics of plasma cell gingivitis, which, as a benign lesion, reflects the histopathological and immune features observed in affected tissue. Understanding the nature of the condition helps in establishing appropriate diagnostic criteria and treatment plans for managing patient cases.

9) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a key physiological response involving immune system activation, often evident in tissues affected by plasma cell gingivitis. This response contributes to symptomatology such as redness, swelling, and discomfort in the gingival tissues, and recognizing its role aids in differentiating PCG from other conditions with inflammatory aspects.

10) Prasanna:
'Prasanna' likely refers to an author or researcher whose work has been cited in the study regarding plasma cell gingivitis. By referencing various findings or cases, this author contributes to the broader literature that informs current knowledge, clinical practices, and enhances understanding of the condition among practitioners.

11) Vishnu (Visnu):
'Vishnu' is possibly another researcher or author mentioned in the literature concerning plasma cell gingivitis. The studies or cases described by Vishnu may provide valuable insights and comparisons for the current research, enriching the academic discourse and guiding clinical approaches toward diagnosing and managing this pathology.

12) Rules:
'Rules' can be interpreted as guidelines or diagnostic criteria established within the study for identifying plasma cell gingivitis. These rules help clinicians differentiate between PCG and other conditions by providing structured protocols that emphasize clinically relevant findings and histopathological characteristics necessary for accurate diagnosis.

13) Blood:
'Blood' relates to the hematological assessments sometimes performed in the context of diagnosing plasma cell diseases, including the evaluation of plasma cell reactivity for various markers. Analyzing blood parameters can help rule out systemic diseases or malignancies that would influence the presentation of gingival conditions.

14) Tuberculosis:
'Tuberculosis' is a bacterial infection that can mimic symptoms of plasma cell gingivitis, particularly when addressing gingival lesions. Its consideration as a differential diagnosis highlights the necessity of thorough clinical evaluation and testing to distinguish between infectious and reactive conditions affecting the gingiva.

15) Reason:
'Reason' points to the underlying cause or contributing factors associated with plasma cell gingivitis. Identifying the reason is critical for developing targeted treatment plans, including addressing allergenic triggers or removing potential irritants, ultimately leading to symptom relief and resolution of the condition.

16) Chemotherapy:
'Chemotherapy' refers to a treatment strategy typically applied for malignancies. It relates to the context of plasma cell dyscrasias, underscoring the necessity to differentiate between benign conditions and malignant plasma cell neoplasms. Understanding treatment implications stresses the importance of accurate diagnosis in managing patient care.

17) Arrangement:
'Arrangement' indicates the spatial organization of cells observed in histopathological samples from patients with plasma cell gingivitis. The pattern of plasma cells—whether in sheets, lobules, or diffuse formats—provides significant insights during microscopic examination, aiding in distinguishing between malignant and benign conditions effectively.

18) Observation:
'Observation' refers to the act of clinically examining patients or analyzing histopathological samples during the study. Detailed observations of clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory results are vital for forming a comprehensive understanding of plasma cell gingivitis and improving diagnostic accuracy through evidence-based practices.

19) Discussion:
'Discussion' includes the interpretation of findings and comparisons to existing literature concerning plasma cell gingivitis. This section emphasizes the integration of research outcomes with broader scholarly conversations, aiming to enhance understanding of the disease's characteristics, treatment, and relevance within the context of oral pathology.

20) Language:
'Language' may refer to the linguistic constraints inherent in the literature reviewed, where studies published primarily in English could lead to potential biases. Acknowledging language limitations is important to ensure comprehensive understanding and implications surrounding the diagnosis and management of plasma cell gingivitis.

21) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' encompasses one of the potential clinical manifestations accompanying plasma cell gingivitis. It highlights the severity of inflammation and its impact on gingival health, assisting clinicians in understanding the overall clinical presentation and importance of managing symptoms effectively to prevent complications.

22) Chauhan:
'Chauhan' likely refers to an author contributing to the body of literature regarding plasma cell gingivitis. The works or clinical insights of Chauhan serve to inform current understanding, highlighting relevant clinical findings or treatment outcomes that influence the overall knowledge pool regarding this oral condition.

23) Mishra (Misra):
'Mishra' stands as another researcher referenced in conjunction with cases of plasma cell gingivitis. The author's contributions can enrich the understanding of clinical features and management strategies, ultimately aiding healthcare providers in developing appropriate care plans for affected patients.

24) Joshi (Josi):
'Joshi' is presumably another key figure in the literature related to plasma cell gingivitis. Through study findings or case reports detailed by Joshi, the collective understanding of this condition is enhanced, ensuring that practitioners are equipped with the latest knowledge and treatment protocols available.

25) Kumar:
'Kumar' may refer to a contributor within the realm of plasma cell gingivitis literature, providing essential insights through research. The relevant findings attributed to Kumar assist in contextualizing the clinical aspects and treatment approaches necessary for effective management in dental practice.

26) Roman (Roma):
'Roman' likely refers to an author whose work has been cited concerning the characteristics or management of plasma cell gingivitis. The analysis provided enhances the framework of understanding prevalent in the field, potentially guiding clinical decision-making for practitioners facing similar cases.

27) Arrow:
'Arrow' could symbolize a visual tool or representation used in the study to indicate relationships or progression. In discussing data or findings, arrows might represent trends or critical outcomes associated with plasma cell gingivitis, underscoring key diagnostic elements and their implications in clinical practice.

28) Field:
'Field' may denote the domain of oral pathology, emphasizing the broader context in which plasma cell gingivitis is studied. Understanding the specific field facilitates an appreciation of the multifaceted approaches required for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies for patients suffering from related conditions.

29) Bali:
'Bali' presumably refers to an author or a specific study related to plasma cell gingivitis. The mention of Bali signifies contributions to the understanding of clinical and histopathological aspects of the condition, enriching the scholarly dialogue that aids practitioners in delivering informed care.

30) Diet:
'Diet' emphasizes a lifestyle factor potentially influencing plasma cell gingivitis, with certain foods or ingredients recognized as irritants. Understanding dietary influences assists in devising effective management strategies, including dietary assessments and adjustments aimed at alleviating symptoms and promoting overall oral health.

31) Gold (Golden):
The term 'Gold' signifies 'gold standard,' often used to outline ideal criteria for diagnosing plasma cell gingivitis. In this context, it means that histopathology remains the definitive method for correct diagnosis, ensuring reliability in identifying true cases of the condition against the backdrop of other conditions.

Other Health Sciences Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Retrospective study on plasma cell gingivitis analysis.’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Differential diagnosis, Unknown cause, Literature review, Clinical feature, Case report, Multidisciplinary approach, Age distribution, Female predominance, Risk factor, Oral pathology, Plasma cell gingivitis, Reactive lesion, Gingival overgrowth, Immunohistochemical markers, Histopathological characteristics, Plasma cell dyscrasias.

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