Comparative study of diode vs erbium laser for implant recovery.

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Comparison of clinical efficacy of diode laser and erbium, chromium: Yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet for implant stage 2 recovery procedure – A randomized control clinical study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Sahana Selvaganesh, Priya Lochana Gajendran, Thiyaneswaran Nesappan, Abhinav Rajendra Prabhu


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Comparison of clinical efficacy of diode laser and erbium, chromium: Yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet for implant stage 2 recovery procedure – A randomized control clinical study

Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_448

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of diode lasers versus erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG) lasers for the recovery procedures associated with the second stage of dental implant treatments. A total of 30 patients, who were randomly divided into three groups, underwent dental implant recovery using either diode laser, Er, Cr:YSGG laser, or conventional scalpel methods. Key parameters assessed included pain levels measured by the visual analog scale (VAS), procedure duration, intra-operative bleeding, and healing time across all groups.

Advantages of Laser Use in Implant Recovery

The results showed that the Er, Cr:YSGG laser resulted in faster operation times compared to traditional scalpel procedures, particularly beneficial for reducing intra-operative bleeding and overall healing time. Notably, patients in the laser groups reported lower pain levels on the VAS scale, particularly the conventional scalpel group which experienced higher pain levels postoperatively. Furthermore, the laser procedures had the additional benefit of minimizing the need for anesthesia; the diode laser group required no local anesthetic while the scalpel group needed a notable amount. Overall, the use of lasers in implant recovery demonstrated significant improvements in postoperative comfort for patients compared to traditional methods.

Conclusion

The findings from this study indicate that both diode and Er, Cr:YSGG lasers are advantageous compared to traditional scalpel techniques for stage two implant recovery, offering quicker healing and reduced postoperative complications. Diode lasers, being more cost-effective and accessible, can effectively meet the clinical needs of many patients, while Er, Cr:YSGG lasers provide superior healing properties with minimal tissue trauma. Therefore, both laser types should be considered as preferred tools in dental implant surgery to enhance patient outcomes and operational efficiency.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the aim of the study on laser efficacy?

The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser and Er, Cr:YSGG laser for the second-stage recovery procedure of dental implants.

What methods were used to assess the lasers' efficacy?

The study included pain assessment using a visual analog scale, recording operation time, intra-operative bleeding, and healing time for all three groups of patients.

How did the Er, Cr:YSGG laser perform compared to the scalpel method?

The Er, Cr:YSGG laser demonstrated faster operation times, reduced healing time, and less intra-operative bleeding compared to the conventional scalpel method.

What were the findings related to postoperative pain and analgesics?

Postoperative pain was lower in both laser groups compared to the scalpel group, resulting in less analgesic use after procedures involving laser treatments.

What conclusions were drawn from the study's findings?

The study concluded that both diode and Er, Cr:YSGG lasers are advantageous for dental implant recovery due to reduced healing time and discomfort compared to traditional scalpel methods.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Comparative study of diode vs erbium laser for implant recovery.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
Table refers to a structured arrangement of data or information, often used in scientific studies to summarize and present results in a clear, organized manner. Tables facilitate easy comparison between different groups or conditions, allowing researchers and readers to quickly grasp findings, statistics, and trends without examining raw data.

2) Study (Studying):
Study signifies systematic investigation or analysis aimed at contributing to knowledge, particularly in scientific contexts. In the context of research, a study often involves hypothesis formulation, data collection, and critical analysis to test assumptions or explore new questions, ultimately contributing to advancements in various fields and improving practices.

3) Bleeding:
Bleeding is the loss of blood from the circulatory system, which can occur due to injury, surgery, or certain medical conditions. In clinical settings, understanding bleeding is crucial for patient management, especially in surgical procedures, where minimizing bleeding can enhance recovery, reduce complications, and improve overall patient outcomes.

4) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer or boundary of an object or tissue. In the context of dental implants or surgical procedures, surface quality and characteristics can significantly influence factors such as osseointegration, healing processes, and the efficacy of various treatments, establishing an essential aspect of implant success and longevity.

5) Garnet:
Garnet, in the textual context, refers to a specific type of laser, notably erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG). This laser is preferred in dental practices for its ability to interact with both hard and soft tissues effectively, leading to reduced pain, quicker healing, and minimized trauma.

6) Pain:
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, typically associated with tissue damage or injury. Effective management of pain is vital in medical procedures and patient care, as it significantly affects recovery, patient satisfaction, and the overall success of interventions. Understanding pain perception helps improve analgesic strategies and treatment protocols.

7) Relative:
Relative denotes a comparative term, often used to describe how one aspect is measured or understood in relation to another. In medical studies, relative comparisons might involve assessing outcomes like healing time or pain levels across different treatment methods, which aids in determining the effectiveness of interventions in a comparative context.

8) Rules:
Rules refer to established guidelines or principles designed to govern behavior or decision-making in specific contexts. In research and clinical practices, following scientific rules—such as ethical considerations, statistical guidelines, and procedural protocols—ensures the integrity of studies, fosters reliable results, and upholds standards within the scientific community.

9) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to tissue injury or infection characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. It is part of the body's immune response, aiming to eliminate harmful stimuli and initiate healing. Understanding inflammation is critical in medical research, particularly in the context of recovery and postoperative healing.

10) Edema (Oedema):
Edema refers to an abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues causing swelling. It is often assessed during recovery from surgeries. Monitoring edema is crucial as it can indicate complications or the effectiveness of surgical techniques. In studies focusing on post-operative recovery, controlling edema is essential for improving patient outcomes.

11) Pulse:
Pulse refers to the rhythmic expansion and contraction of arteries as blood is pumped from the heart. In a clinical context, pulse rate is an important vital sign that reflects heart health and circulatory efficiency. Measuring pulse is essential in monitoring patient status, especially during and after surgical procedures.

12) Incision:
Incision represents a surgical cut made to access underlying tissues for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The technique and approach of incisions impact healing, postoperative pain, and complication risks. Understanding incision methods is vital to optimize surgical outcomes, minimize scars, and facilitate quicker recovery for patients undergoing procedures.

13) Disease:
Disease denotes any condition that impairs normal bodily functions, often characterized by specific symptoms and signs. In medical research, understanding disease mechanisms is crucial to developing effective treatments, improving patient care, and implementing preventative measures. Studies often focus on comparing interventions and outcomes related to various diseases.

14) Post:
Post refers to the period following an event or action, particularly in a medical context following a surgical procedure. Post-operative care is critical to monitor recovery, manage complications, and promote healing. Decisions made post-surgery significantly influence patient outcomes, highlighting the importance of following established guidelines and protocols.

15) Male:
Male refers to one of the two primary biological sexes, typically characterized by XY chromosomes and higher levels of testosterone. In clinical studies, analyzing results by gender aids in understanding biological variations in health outcomes, responses to treatment, and the prevalence of certain conditions, which can inform tailored healthcare approaches.

16) Calculation:
Calculation indicates the process of determining a numerical result through mathematical operations, essential in research for analyzing data and deriving conclusions. Accurate calculations ensure validity in study results, allowing the comparison of parameters like healing times and pain levels across different treatment methodologies, directly influencing clinical decision-making.

17) Perception:
Perception refers to the process by which sensory information is interpreted and understood. In medical contexts, pain perception is an essential factor influencing patient experiences and responses to treatment. Understanding the psychological and physiological aspects of perception helps healthcare providers tailor pain management strategies and improve overall patient care.

18) Discussion:
Discussion signifies the critical analysis and interpretation of research findings, often included in academic articles. It provides contextual insight into results, explores implications for practice, compares with existing literature, and suggests future research directions. This section is crucial for readers to grasp the study's significance and broader relevance.

19) Swelling:
Swelling is the enlargement or distention of body parts due to fluid accumulation or inflammation. Monitoring swelling is vital in postoperative care, as it can indicate complications or the healing response. Analyzing swelling levels helps clinicians evaluate recovery and adjust treatment plans to enhance patient outcomes effectively.

20) Activity:
Activity refers to actions or processes occurring in biological systems. In a medical context, tracking activity—such as patient mobility post-surgery—provides insights into recovery progress and rehabilitation needs. Assessing activity levels helps inform strategies to promote healing and prevent complications during recovery from various health interventions.

21) Science (Scientific):
Science denotes the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. In healthcare and medical studies, applying scientific principles is essential for conducting rigorous research, validating results, and implementing evidence-based practices to improve patient care and outcomes.

22) Nature:
Nature encompasses the inherent characteristics and qualities of organisms and their environments. In medical studies, understanding the biological nature of tissues, diseases, and healing processes is essential for developing effective treatments. Insights into nature influence how procedures are designed and how results are interpreted for clinical applications.

23) Water:
Water is a vital substance necessary for life, playing critical roles in biological processes within the body. In medical practices, maintaining adequate hydration is essential for recovery, influencing healing rates and overall well-being. The effects of water on tissues and its role in post-operative care are important in clinical settings.

24) Field:
Field refers to a specific area of study or profession. In the context of medical research or dentistry, the 'field' encompasses various practices, methodologies, and knowledge essential for treating patients effectively. Understanding advancements in the field drives innovation and improves overall healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

25) Visit:
Visit refers to scheduled appointments between patients and healthcare providers for assessment, treatment, or follow-up care. These visits are crucial in monitoring recovery advancements, addressing concerns, and ensuring patients receive appropriate ongoing management. Regular visits enhance communication and foster a collaborative approach to patient care.

26) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste throughout the body. In clinical scenarios, understanding blood's properties and behaviors is crucial for diagnosing and treating medical conditions, managing surgeries, and assessing patient health. Monitoring blood parameters is essential in various medical interventions.

27) Silk:
Silk refers to a natural protein fiber produced by silkworms, often used in sutures for surgical procedures. Silk sutures are favored for their strength and minimal tissue reaction. In surgical contexts, understanding the characteristics of materials like silk is vital for selecting appropriate sutures to optimize healing and patient outcomes.

28) Food:
Food provides essential nutrients that sustain life and facilitate bodily functions. In a medical context, proper nutrition is fundamental for recovery and healing post-surgery. Understanding dietary needs and offering nutritional support contributes significantly to patients’ overall well-being and can affect healing rates, symptom management, and recovery outcomes.

29) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used for medical treatment, relief, or prevention of disease symptoms. Understanding pharmacology and drug interactions is critical in clinical settings to provide effective patient care, manage conditions, and optimize recovery processes. The choice of drug significantly influences therapeutic outcomes and patient experiences.

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