Biofilm adhesion on titanium and polypropylene membranes for alveolar use.
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Topographic characterization and in vitro biofilm adhesion to titanium and polypropylene membranes used for alveolar preservation
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Marcela Resende, Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Topographic characterization and in vitro biofilm adhesion to titanium and polypropylene membranes used for alveolar preservation
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_602
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques utilize nonresorbable membranes to manage bone healing following tooth extraction, aiming to prevent the infiltration of connective and epithelial tissue while promoting the proliferation of bone cells. This study compares two nonresorbable membranes—Bone Heal™ (composed of polypropylene) and Titanium Seal™ (made of titanium)—in terms of their topographic characteristics and ability to prevent biofilm formation in an oral environment. While GBR constructs encourage bone regeneration and preserve alveolar volume, they also face challenges related to contamination and biofilm growth, which could affect clinical outcomes.
Biofilm Formation and Membrane Comparison
An important finding from this study is the difference in biofilm formation on the two membranes over time. The titanium membrane, despite its more complex surface with nano depressions, demonstrated significantly less biofilm accumulation compared to its polypropylene counterpart, which exhibited a denser surface with protrusions. Specifically, titanium provided a more favorable environment for bone cell adhesion and stability, which is critical during the initial healing phases. These results underscore the potential advantages of using titanium membranes in clinical settings, particularly for cases where exposure to the oral cavity is anticipated, thus promoting effective tissue regeneration while minimizing infection risks.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that while both Bone Heal™ and Titanium Seal™ membranes serve their purpose in alveolar preservation, the titanium membrane presents a superior option due to its reduced biofilm formation in vitro. This distinction suggests that Titanium Seal™ may be more beneficial for applications where the membrane is exposed to the oral environment, further advocating for its use in GBR procedures. Future research involving in vivo evaluations is warranted to assess the clinical implications of these findings and to establish guidelines for optimal membrane selection in regenerative dentistry.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of nonresorbable membranes in GBR procedures?
Nonresorbable membranes are used in guided bone regeneration to prevent connective and epithelial tissue cell infiltration, promoting bone cell proliferation while minimizing biofilm growth in post-extraction alveoli.
How were the biofilm adhesion levels evaluated in the study?
Biofilm adhesion was assessed by immersing membrane samples in mixed cultures of *Candida albicans* and *Staphylococcus aureus* for 7 and 14 days, followed by quantitative measurement using crystal violet staining.
What are the characteristics of the Titanium Seal™ membrane?
The Titanium Seal™ membrane features a rough surface with nano depressions, made from Grade 1 titanium. This design helps reduce biofilm formation and supports better cell adhesion during the healing process.
What was concluded about the biofilm formation of the membranes studied?
The study concluded that, despite the rough surface of Titanium Seal™, it showed significantly lower biofilm formation compared to Bone Heal™, suggesting its suitability for oral cavity exposure in alveolar preservation.
What are the main advantages of using polypropylene membranes?
Polypropylene membranes, like Bone Heal™, are impermeable, biocompatible, and may be intentionally exposed to the oral environment, promoting clot formation and facilitating bone regeneration without requiring additional donor sites.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Biofilm adhesion on titanium and polypropylene membranes for alveolar use.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table is a systematic arrangement of data, often used to summarize and present findings in research clearly. In scientific studies, tables provide essential information succinctly, allowing readers to quickly grasp key results, comparisons, and trends. This enhances the understanding of the study’s implications and facilitates further analysis of data.
2) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer or boundary of a material. In the context of this study, the surface characteristics of membranes are crucial because they influence biocompatibility, biofilm adhesion, and the overall regeneration process. The topographical and chemical properties of a surface can determine cell behavior and tissue response.
3) Depression:
Depression in a scientific context often indicates a recessed area or a reduction in surface level. In membrane studies, the presence of depressions can affect biofilm adhesion and cell recruitment. Understanding these topographical features is vital for developing materials intended for medical applications, particularly in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
4) Aureus:
Aureus refers to *Staphylococcus aureus*, a type of bacteria that is commonly studied in microbiology due to its significance in infections. In the context of this study, exploring its behavior on different membrane surfaces helps assess potential complications related to biofilm formation, which is crucial for patient outcomes in surgical procedures.
5) Study (Studying):
A study is a structured investigation aimed at analyzing a specific hypothesis or question. In the presented research, the study focuses on comparing different membranes for alveolar preservation post-tooth extraction. The findings contribute valuable insights into material effectiveness and guide clinical decisions, ultimately enhancing patient care and surgical outcomes.
6) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the gathering or build-up of substances over time. In the context of biofilm interactions with surfaces, understanding accumulation patterns is essential as they can signal the effectiveness of materials in resisting microbial colonization. This information is critical for evaluating the suitability of membranes in clinical applications.
7) Relative:
Relative refers to a comparison or proportion between different entities or variables. In research, relative measurements provide context, allowing scientists to understand how one factor influences another or the significance of findings compared to known benchmarks. This concept is especially relevant in assessing the efficacy of materials in complex biological environments.
8) Blood:
Blood plays a crucial role in biological processes, particularly in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Its presence is vital for the successful integration of grafts and regenerative strategies. In this study, the interaction of membranes with blood clots underscores the importance of maintaining a stable environment for optimal healing outcomes post-surgery.
9) Rules:
Rules pertain to established guidelines or protocols that govern scientific research practices. In the context of this study, adherence to methodological rules ensures the reliability and validity of results. Understanding these regulations aids researchers in achieving reproducible findings, promoting trust and integrity in scientific communication and application to clinical settings.
10) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical component of scientific papers where researchers interpret and analyze their findings. This section contextualizes results within the broader field, connects observations to existing literature, and explores implications for practice. In this study, the discussion facilitates understanding of how membrane characteristics can influence biofilm dynamics and healing.
11) Suffering:
Suffering in medical contexts often describes the physical or psychological distress experienced by patients. Although the term may not directly relate to the study, it emphasizes the importance of research in developing effective treatments that alleviate patient suffering. Understanding complications and challenges in healing pathways can lead to improved clinical strategies.
12) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. This study contributes to the field by investigating innovative materials designed for surgical applications, aiming to enhance patient outcomes. Advances in medical technology and materials science directly influence patient care and treatment success in various healthcare settings.
13) Activity:
Activity refers to the observable actions or functions of biological entities, such as cells or microorganisms. In the presented study, understanding the activity of biofilms on various membranes informs researchers about potential complications or benefits in clinical use. Activity patterns provide insight into interactions that shape healing and recovery in dental applications.
14) Fixation:
Fixation, in a medical and research context, often refers to the stabilization of materials or tissues to prevent movement. In this study, fixation may influence how membranes interact with surrounding biological environments, affecting their effectiveness in preventing soft tissue infiltration and contributing to overall tissue healing and regeneration outcomes.
15) Entering:
Entering pertains to the movement of elements into a defined space. In the case of biological entities, it may refer to the infiltration of cells or microorganisms into a wound or defect area. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for developing barriers that effectively control cellular behavior and promote optimal healing.
16) Repair:
Repair refers to the biological processes by which tissues restore themselves after injury. In this study, understanding how various membranes influence tissue repair mechanisms is essential. Membranes that promote efficient clot formation and prevent cellular infiltration are critical for successful osteogenesis and the overall regenerative process in alveolar preservation.
17) Water:
Water is a fundamental component of biological systems, playing a vital role in cellular processes and healing. In the context of tissue regeneration, hydration affects metabolic functions and the transport of nutrients. Understanding the role of water interactions with biomaterials informs the design of optimal membranes for successful tissue engineering applications.
18) Arrow:
In a scientific context, an arrow often symbolizes direction or indicates significance within data presentation. While the term 'arrow' may not directly relate to substantive findings, it can imply the need for clear communication of results and hypotheses, guiding readers through complex information and enhancing the understanding of study outcomes.
19) Doubt:
Doubt refers to uncertainty or skepticism regarding findings or methodologies. In research, addressing doubt is necessary for building credibility and fostering trust in results. By thoroughly explaining procedures and contextualizing findings within existing literature, researchers can mitigate doubt and enhance the acceptance of their contributions to scientific knowledge.
20) Wall:
Wall can refer to barriers or boundaries, both physical and metaphorical, within biological systems. In the study of membrane applications, the concept of a wall is integral to understanding how these materials interact with surrounding environments, providing support for tissue structures while preventing unwanted infiltration and maintaining integrity during healing.
21) Line:
Line may denote a continuum or a delineation between concepts in research. It can signify distinctions between various states, such as health and disease or successful and unsuccessful healing outcomes. In this study, clear lines between different membrane properties help inform their applications and effectiveness in clinical scenarios.