Frenectomy: Comparing scalpel vs. Nd:YAG laser techniques.
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Frenectomy with conventional scalpel and Nd:YAG laser technique: A comparative evaluation
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Rakesh Kumar Yadav, Umesh Pratap Verma, Isha Sajjanhar, Rini Tiwari
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Frenectomy with conventional scalpel and Nd:YAG laser technique: A comparative evaluation
Year: 2019 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_352
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Frenectomy, the surgical excision of the frenum attachment, is essential for treating abnormalities that can result in functional and aesthetic issues, such as gingival recession and speech difficulties. The traditional scalpel method has been a common approach; however, advancements have led to the use of lasers, particularly the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, as a modern alternative. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and patient comfort between scalpel and Nd:YAG laser-assisted frenectomies by examining pain levels, intraoperative bleeding, healing outcomes, and the need for analgesics.
Pain Management and Healing Outcomes
The results indicated that the laser-assisted procedure significantly reduced patient pain and intraoperative bleeding compared to the scalpel method. Patients in the laser group reported lower Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for pain and required fewer analgesics postoperatively, highlighting the laser's effectiveness in minimizing discomfort. Although the healing outcomes at three months were comparable between the two groups, the findings suggest that the Nd:YAG laser provides a more comfortable surgical experience, attributed to its precision and reduced collateral damage to surrounding tissues.
Conclusion
The study concludes that Nd:YAG laser frenectomy is a viable alternative to traditional scalpel techniques, offering enhanced patient acceptance through reduced pain and bleeding. While there are advantages, such as minimized postoperative discomfort, the costs and required operator skill for using lasers remain challenges. Future research with larger sample sizes is recommended to further validate the laser technique's efficacy over conventional methods in frenectomy procedures.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is frenectomy and why is it performed?
Frenectomy is the complete excision of the frenum attachment to the underlying bone. It is performed to correct functional or esthetic problems caused by abnormalities, such as gingival recession or speech difficulties.
What are the methods compared in this frenectomy study?
The study compared traditional scalpel-assisted frenectomy with the Nd:YAG laser-assisted technique, focusing on pain, intraoperative bleeding, healing outcomes, and analgesic requirements.
What were the key findings regarding pain during the procedures?
Patients in the laser group experienced significantly less pain, as indicated by lower Visual Analog Scale scores, compared to those in the scalpel group.
How did intraoperative bleeding compare between the two groups?
The Nd:YAG laser group had significantly less intraoperative bleeding compared to the scalpel group, attributed to better coagulation of tissues during the procedure.
What conclusions were drawn from the study regarding surgical techniques?
The study concluded that Nd:YAG laser-assisted frenectomy is more efficient and comfortable than scalpel, though limitations include higher costs and the need for skilled operators.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Frenectomy: Comparing scalpel vs. Nd:YAG laser techniques.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pain:
Pain is a significant factor in medical procedures, particularly in surgical contexts. The study compares traditional scalpel methods to laser-assisted techniques specifically regarding pain levels experienced by patients during and after frenectomy. Lower pain levels can enhance patient comfort and encourage acceptance of specific surgical methods, highlighting the importance of pain management in dental practices.
2) Table:
The term 'table' in this context refers to the organized presentation of data. In this study, a table summarizes key results comparing pain scores, intraoperative bleeding, healing outcomes, and analgesic use between patients undergoing scalpel and laser frenectomy. Tables serve to clarify complex information, making it accessible for analysis and interpretation.
3) Bleeding:
Bleeding is a critical concern during surgical procedures, including frenectomy. The study measures intraoperative bleeding as part of its comparisons. Understanding bleeding levels can inform choices between different surgical methods, as reduced bleeding often leads to improved outcomes and quicker recovery. Less bleeding also indicates effective hemostasis during surgery.
4) Study (Studying):
The study represents a systematic investigation comparing two frenectomy techniques: traditional scalpel and laser-assisted methods. By collecting and analyzing various parameters like pain, bleeding, and healing outcomes, the research aims to determine the effectiveness and patient comfort of each method. Studies like this contribute valuable insights to clinical practices in dentistry.
5) Relative:
In this context, 'relative' may refer to comparisons made between groups or techniques in the study. The findings demonstrate relative advantages or disadvantages between the traditional scalpel method and the laser-assisted technique in aspects such as pain, bleeding, and recovery time. Understanding these relationships is crucial for informed surgical decisions.
6) Surface:
Surface in this study likely refers to the area affected during frenectomy procedures. The study suggests that laser techniques cause less damage to the adjacent tissue surface compared to scalpel techniques, which can result in less postoperative pain and bleeding. The impact on the surface is critical for determining overall patient recovery.
7) Perception:
Perception in the context of this research relates to patients' awareness of pain and discomfort during the frenectomy procedures. The study analyzes patients' subjective experiences, revealing how techniques influence their pain perception. This understanding can help in choosing approaches that minimize negative patient experiences, improving overall satisfaction.
8) Garnet:
Garnet in this context refers to 'yttrium aluminum garnet,' a crystal structure used in lasers, specifically the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. This type of laser is known for its effectiveness in soft tissue surgeries like frenectomy, providing advantages in terms of precision and reduced thermal damage during surgical procedures.
9) Ulcer:
Ulcers represent a potential complication after surgical procedures. The study evaluates wound healing outcomes, scoring patients based on the presence of ulcers or other complications after frenectomy. Preventing ulceration is significant as it affects recovery and overall treatment success. Monitoring for ulcers helps assess the effectiveness of different surgical methods.
10) Blood:
Blood plays a crucial role in surgical procedures, specifically in assessing intraoperative bleeding. The study compares the amount of blood loss during frenectomy based on the surgical technique used. Managing blood loss is vital for patient safety and recovery, making blood assessment a key parameter in evaluating surgical techniques.
11) Food:
Food's relevance in this study pertains to postoperative care and dietary recommendations following frenectomy procedures. Patients are advised on their diet—specifically, a soft or liquid diet—to avoid irritation and promote healing. Post-operative dietary management is essential for ensuring patient comfort and optimizing recovery post-surgery.
12) Post:
Post refers to the period after surgery, where healing and recovery are observed. The study evaluates parameters such as pain levels and healing outcomes three months post-operatively. This timeframe is crucial for assessing the long-term effectiveness of the surgical techniques compared, providing valuable data on patient recovery.
13) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation in this context discusses the buildup of substances, like food or plaque, around surgical sites following frenectomy. The study notes that traditional methods may lead to discomfort due to accumulation around sutures, making patients more prone to complications like irritation or infection. Understanding this influences best practice recommendations for post-operative care.
14) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a physiological response that can occur following surgical procedures, impacting healing and patient comfort. The study examines how different frenectomy methods affect inflammatory responses. Minimizing inflammation through technique selection can lead to quicker recovery and less post-operative pain for patients, making it an essential consideration in surgical outcomes.
15) Discussion:
Discussion in this research context refers to the analysis and interpretation of the study's findings. It critically evaluates how the results align with existing literature, highlighting the implications of choosing laser over scalpel techniques for frenectomy. The discussion ultimately aims to provide insights for surgical practice improvements based on the data gathered.
16) Irritation:
Irritation refers to discomfort or inflammation resulting from trauma to tissue during surgery or post-operative care. The study assesses how different techniques can minimize irritation post-frenectomy. Understanding and addressing irritation is vital for improving patient experience, as it influences recovery times and overall satisfaction with the surgical process.
17) Composite:
Composite might refer to materials used in dental restoration or to composite results derived from various parameters in the study. In the context of frenectomy, it could relate to healing outcomes or measures obtained by combining data from patients treated with different surgical methods, aiming for a comprehensive assessment of results.
18) Dressing:
Dressing pertains to materials applied to a surgical site for protection and wound management. While this study highlights surgical techniques for frenectomy, understanding proper dressing protocols post-surgery aids in preventing complications and promoting healing. A suitable dressing can significantly impact patient recovery and satisfaction during the healing process.
19) Incision:
Incision describes the cut made during surgery to perform a frenectomy. The study details how different techniques create incisions, impacting pain and healing outcomes. Understanding variations in incisional technique is necessary for optimizing surgery, as well-crafted incisions can lead to better recovery and minimal complications for patients.
20) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the foundation of the study, emphasizing evidence-based analysis of surgical techniques. This research contributes to medical science by providing data on the effectiveness of Nd:YAG lasers versus traditional scalpels in frenectomy. Scientific inquiry in healthcare drives advancements and improves patients' surgical experiences and outcomes.
21) India:
India is relevant as it contextualizes the geographical location of the study and patient demographic. Understanding local practices, healthcare access, and cultural factors in India may influence patient experiences with surgical procedures like frenectomy. The study's findings could have implications for dental practice within Indian healthcare settings.
22) Patel:
Patel, likely referring to a researcher or author cited in the study, contributes to the body of work on laser-assisted surgical techniques. Collaborative efforts in academic research, like Patel's works, are crucial for building knowledge on effective dental procedures. Connections to existing literature enhance the study's credibility and relevance.
23) Silk:
Silk in this context refers to the type of suture material used in conventional scalpel frenectomy procedures. Non-resorbable 4-0 braided silk sutures were selected for closing incisions. The choice of suture influences postoperative healing and comfort, as some materials may lead to complications or discomfort if not carefully managed.
24) Diet:
Diet serves a significant role in post-operative recovery among patients. The study recommends a soft/lquid diet for patients to minimize discomfort and promote healing after frenectomy. Historical dietary practices may guide post-surgery recommendations, influencing patient outcomes and satisfaction based on dietary compliance and adjustment.
25) Wall:
Wall pertains to related anatomical structures surrounding surgical areas, particularly in terms of tissue and tissue repair. Knowledge of the wall characteristics around the frenulum helps inform surgical techniques and outcomes. A better understanding of these anatomical features leads to improved surgical precision and better patient recovery post-surgery.