Titanium PRF vs. PRF in hypertensive smokers: A cytology study

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Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Comparative histologic evaluation of titanium platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich fibrin in hypertensive and smoker participants: A cell cytology study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Anirban Chatterjee, Koel Debnath, Mohd. Mustafa Ali, Chaitanya Babu, Pratibha Laxman Gowda


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Comparative histologic evaluation of titanium platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich fibrin in hypertensive and smoker participants: A cell cytology study

Year: 2017 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_137

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Recent advancements in dental treatments have highlighted the significance of platelet-rich products, particularly platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and its titanium variant (TPRF), in enhancing clinical outcomes. The research focused on evaluating the structural characteristics of TPRF and PRF, particularly in participants with hypertension and those who smoke. This study involved drawing blood samples from ninety participants to observe the histological differences in fibrin networks between the groups, which included healthy individuals, hypertensive patients, and smokers, with a specific goal of identifying how these conditions influenced fibrin meshwork formation.

Enhanced Fibrin Network in TPRF

One of the crucial findings of the study was the comparison between TPRF and PRF in their structural configurations. The results indicated that TPRF samples exhibited a more organized and denser fibrin network than PRF, especially in healthy participants. In contrast, hypertensive individuals and smokers showed reduced fibrin integrity, characterized by less prominent fibrin borders in both types of clots. However, TPRF maintained a superior structural composition with an adequate fibrin mesh compared to PRF, implying that the use of titanium in the preparation of TPRF may result in enhanced platelet activation and, consequently, improved healing properties.

Conclusion

The study underscores the variations in fibrin clot formation associated with systemic conditions such as hypertension and environmental factors like smoking. The differences in fibrin network patterns observed between PRF and TPRF highlight the potential benefits of titanium-based preparation techniques in clinical applications. Consequently, the findings suggest that further research is necessary to explore more systemic and environmental influences on fibrin characteristics and their implications for regenerative medicine. The insights gained from this study could pave the way for improved therapeutic strategies in dental and medical practices.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the main objective of the study on TPRF and PRF?

The study aimed to define the structural characteristics of titanium platelet-rich fibrin (TPRF) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in participants who are hypertensive and smokers, evaluating fibrin network patterns and cellular component entrapment.

How were the blood samples prepared for analysis in the study?

Blood samples of ten milliliters were drawn from participants, divided into two tubes: one dry glass tube and one titanium tube. After centrifugation, the resulting clots were processed for histological examination.

What differences were noted in fibrin networks between healthy and unhealthy participants?

Healthy participants showed a thicker and more organized fibrin network. In contrast, hypertensive and smoker participants had less prominent fibrin borders, with a predominance of loose fibrin networks and less effective cellular component entrapment.

What methods were used for the histological analysis of PRF and TPRF?

Histological analysis involved preparing slides from PRF and TPRF clots using the cellblock cytology method, followed by tissue fixation, processing, embedding, sectioning, staining, and finally, microscopic examination.

What conclusions were drawn regarding the effects of smoking and hypertension on fibrin clots?

The study concluded that smoking and hypertension significantly alter the pattern and organization of fibrin clots, resulting in reduced cellular component entrapment and a less organized fibrin structure compared to healthy participants.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Titanium PRF vs. PRF in hypertensive smokers: A cytology study”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to the high concentration of growth factors and cells in platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and titanium platelet-rich fibrin (TPRF), which are important for effective regeneration in dental and medical procedures. Rich products play a crucial role in enhancing tissue healing and promoting natural biological processes.

2) Study (Studying):
Study encapsulates the research and analysis conducted to evaluate the histological characteristics of TPRF and PRF across different groups—healthy, hypertensive, and smokers. It aims to contribute valuable insights to the field of regenerative medicine, particularly in understanding the effects of systemic health conditions on fibrin dynamics.

3) Table:
Table generally represents the structured presentation of data or results obtained from the study. In clinical research, tables organize findings in a digestible format, allowing for easier comparison and analysis of variations among different patient groups and conditions concerning fibrin and its associated components.

4) Blood:
Blood serves as the vital source from which platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and titanium platelet-rich fibrin (TPRF) are derived. The study highlights how different components of blood influence healing processes, particularly through the activation of platelets and the secretion of growth factors for tissue regeneration.

5) Arrow:
Arrow typically indicates direction or highlights specific findings in figures or illustrations. In the context of scientific research, arrows can denote notable elements in histological samples, thereby guiding the reader in understanding the relationship between structures and their functions or relevance in the observed results.

6) Relative:
Relative may refer to the comparisons made in the study between groups of participants to determine variations in fibrin meshwork patterns. The term emphasizes evaluating the interconnected factors impacting the effectiveness of PRF and TPRF across varying conditions, like hypertension and smoking habits.

7) Male:
Male indicates the gender distribution among the study participants, as males were predominantly included in certain groups (e.g., smokers). Gender can influence biological responses and implications for treatment outcomes, which is important when evaluating the data and its implications for broader applications in healthcare.

8) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a critical biological response involved in the healing process. The study discusses chronic inflammation associated with hypertension and smoking, which can alter the quality of fibrin networks, affecting regeneration. Understanding inflammation's role helps in targeting effective therapeutic interventions for improved healing outcomes.

9) Container:
Container refers to the apparatus used to process blood samples during the study, such as the vacuum tubes for centrifugation. The choice of container influences the separation of blood components and the resultant platelet concentrate quality, which is crucial for the study's objectives and findings.

10) Glass:
Glass is often utilized in laboratory settings for blood collection and processing tubes. Its chemical inertness and transparency make it suitable for maintaining sample integrity during centrifugation and observation, impacting the precision of the resulting data regarding platelet-rich products.

11) Field:
Field denotes the broader area of study, specifically in regenerative medicine and dentistry. It provides the context for the research, focusing on the application of platelet concentrates in clinical settings and the ongoing evolution of methods to enhance patient outcomes.

12) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the concentration of platelets and growth factors within the fibrin clots. Understanding how various conditions, like smoking and hypertension, affect this accumulation is significant for assessing the potential efficacy of platelet-rich products in promoting healing and tissue regeneration.

13) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformed indicates the biochemical changes that platelets undergo upon activation. This process is essential for the release of growth factors and proteins that contribute to tissue healing. The study emphasizes how these transformations can vary in different health conditions, impacting therapeutic effects.

14) Observation:
Observation encompasses the meticulous examination of fibrin networks under microscopy to evaluate their structural characteristics. It is a fundamental aspect of the study, as detailed observations lead to insights that guide the understanding of how various factors influence tissue regeneration.

15) Discussion:
Discussion presents the analysis of results obtained from the study. It synthesizes findings with existing literature, addressing the implications of variations in fibrin networks among participants. This dialogue deepens understanding of the biological mechanisms involved and proposes directions for future research.

16) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to medications that may affect healing processes by altering bacterial flora and tissue dynamics. The study excludes participants on antibiotic therapy to control variables, thereby ensuring that study findings on fibrin quality are not confounded by antibiotic effects on healing.

17) Knowledge:
Knowledge represents the information gathered from research and observations regarding platelet-rich fibrin and its interactions in health and disease. The study contributes to the understanding of how systemic conditions influence healing, enriching the repertoire of medical and dental practice.

18) Evolution:
Evolution indicates the development and improvement of techniques in producing platelet-rich fibrin products, including the transition from first-generation PRP to TPRF. This evolution reflects the ongoing innovation aimed at enhancing clinical outcomes in regenerative medicine applications.

19) Suffering:
Suffering pertains to the adverse health conditions that participants may experience, particularly in terms of chronic diseases like hypertension. Understanding the effects of such conditions on healing processes underscores the need to tailor treatment approaches to individual patient profiles.

20) Stiffness:
Stiffness relates to the mechanical properties of the fibrin clot, which can influence its functionality in tissue healing. Thicker and stiffer fibrin networks may better support cellular activities and tissue regeneration, making it a key aspect for evaluating platelet concentrate efficacy.

21) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological processes associated with platelet engagement and fibrin formation. The study examines how factors like smoking and hypertension can alter the normal activity of platelets, leading to changes in fibrin network structure crucial for effective healing.

22) Fixation:
Fixation describes the process used to preserve biological samples for histological examination. Proper fixation is essential to prevent autolysis and maintain the integrity of cellular structures within the fibrin clots, ensuring accurate analysis in the research study.

23) Bleeding:
Bleeding relates to hemostasis and its relevance in the context of tissue regeneration. The study’s focus on platelet-rich products aims to enhance natural clot formation, which is critical in preventing excessive bleeding and promoting appropriate healing responses.

24) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to a condition intentionally excluded from the study due to potential complexities in platelet function and healing processes. Understanding the variations in fibrin meshwork in non-pregnant populations aids in developing targeted approaches for specific patient profiles.

25) Quality:
Quality signifies the overall effectiveness and structural integrity of PRF and TPRF. Evaluating the quality of these platelet concentrates is essential, as it directly impacts their potential benefits in regenerative therapies within dental and medical practices.

26) Heating:
Heating typically pertains to protocols in slide preparation or sample processing. Controlled heating during histological analysis plays a critical role in tissue preparation steps like deparaffinization, ensuring that samples are adequately treated for accurate evaluation of fibrin structures.

27) Meeting:
Meeting indicates the process of gathering participants who meet specific inclusion criteria for the study. The selection of individuals is crucial to ensuring that the findings are relevant and can be generalized to target populations effectively.

28) Species:
Species refers to the biological classifications relevant to the study's generalizability across different organisms, primarily in understanding the impact of conditions like smoking and hypertension on tissue healing and response to treatments in various biological contexts.

29) Account:
Account signifies the need to consider all variables and patient profiles in conducting the study. By accounting for systemic health conditions and lifestyle factors, researchers can better interpret the effects of platelet concentrations on healing outcomes.

30) Killing (Killed):
Killing refers to the immune response mechanisms that are also impacted by the health conditions of participants. The study briefly touches on the effects of smoking on immune activity, linking it to the overall healing potential of platelet concentrates.

31) Surface:
Surface typically pertains to the interaction between cellular components and the fibrin network. The study highlights the significance of surface interactions to understand how platelets and white blood cells engage within the fibrin matrix, influencing healing and regenerative processes.

32) Medium:
Medium generally relates to the substances used for processing and analyzing samples, such as paraffin wax for embedding processes in histology. The choice of medium is critical for maintaining sample integrity and facilitating accurate assessments in research studies.

33) India:
India denotes the geographical context in which this study took place, emphasizing local practices and conditions in healthcare. The setting can influence the study's population, thereby affecting the findings' applicability and relevance to similar demographics or regions.

34) Water:
Water signifies the essential component present in biological systems, particularly in the context of maintaining cellular integrity during processing. Understanding how hydration levels influence the properties of fibrin networks contributes to better insights into healing mechanisms in tissues.

35) Life:
Life embodies the biological and physiological processes examined in the study, particularly in how health conditions like hypertension and smoking impact tissue regeneration. The research seeks to contribute to understanding living systems' complexity and the restoration of function post-injury.

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