Osteoporosis risk in healthy vs. chronic periodontitis women using radiographs

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Risk assessment of osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal periodontally healthy and chronic periodontitis women with digital panoramic radiographs
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Rajashri Abhay Kolte, Abhay Pandurang Kolte, Anushree Manohar Potey


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Risk assessment of osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal periodontally healthy and chronic periodontitis women with digital panoramic radiographs

Year: 2017 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_238

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, particularly affects women due to hormonal changes associated with menopause. This condition's early identification is crucial, especially since it is closely linked to periodontal diseases, which can also lead to bone loss. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal women with healthy periodontium and chronic periodontitis using digital panoramic radiographs, which can provide valuable insights into bone mineral density (BMD).

Osteoporosis Risk Assessment through Radiographic Indices

The study categorized 120 female patients into four groups: premenopausal periodontally healthy, premenopausal chronic periodontitis, postmenopausal periodontally healthy, and postmenopausal chronic periodontitis. Key clinical parameters were measured, and radiographic indices—Mental Index (MI), Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI), and Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI)—were evaluated. Findings revealed significant differences in MI between the groups, indicating that postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis exhibited reduced bone density, evidenced by a higher prevalence of advanced MCI patterns. This suggests that MCI changes serve as effective indicators of osteoporosis risk, especially in postmenopausal women.

Conclusion

The results reinforce the notion that bone density decreases in postmenopausal women, highlighting a strong correlation between MCI and chronic periodontitis. This study supports the routine use of digital panoramic radiographs not just for periodontal assessment, but also as a valuable tool for identifying patients at risk for osteoporosis. Consequently, such screening could contribute significantly to early detection and management of reduced BMD in this vulnerable population.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the main aim of the study?

The study aimed to identify the risk of osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal women with periodontal health and chronic periodontitis using digital panoramic radiographs.

How many patients participated in the study?

A total of 120 female patients participated, classified into four groups based on menopausal status and periodontal health.

What clinical parameters were recorded in the study?

The study recorded parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) in all participants.

Which radiographic indices were assessed in the study?

The assessment included mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI) using digital panoramic radiographs.

What conclusions were drawn regarding postmenopausal women?

The study concluded that postmenopausal women have reduced bone density and a higher risk of osteoporosis, confirmed by the significant association between MCI and chronic periodontitis.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Osteoporosis risk in healthy vs. chronic periodontitis women using radiographs”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
In research, a 'table' is a structured arrangement of data, often used to summarize and present key findings clearly. Tables facilitate comparisons across different groups or variables, showcasing statistical results like mean values, significance levels, and trends, which help readers interpret the study's outcomes effectively.

2) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to a systematic investigation designed to answer specific research questions. In health and medical fields, studies often aim to ascertain relationships among variables, evaluate interventions, or describe populations, contributing to the body of knowledge that informs clinical practice and policy decisions.

3) Disease:
'Disease' encompasses abnormalities in the body that disrupt normal functioning. It can be chronic or acute, with various etiologies, including infections, genetic factors, and lifestyle choices. Understanding disease is fundamental in medicine to prevent, diagnose, and treat conditions that affect human health.

4) Mineral:
'Mineral' signifies naturally occurring inorganic substances essential for various biological functions. In the context of osteoporosis, minerals like calcium and phosphorus are critical for bone health. Monitoring mineral levels aids in assessing the risk of skeletal diseases and guides nutritional and medical interventions.

5) Measurement:
'Measurement' involves quantifying aspects like size, weight, or density, providing essential data for comparison and analysis. Accurate measurements are crucial in clinical studies, such as evaluating bone density or periodontal indices, to derive reliable conclusions and inform treatment decisions based on evidence.

6) Line:
'Line' can refer to various meanings in medical research, including a demarcation in graphical data or a physical line in radiographic imaging. In the context of measurements, it often represents reference points, enhancing clarity in visual data representation and aiding in comparative analysis.

7) Nature:
'Nature' broadly refers to the inherent characteristics of organisms, environments, or phenomena. In medical research, understanding the nature of a disease, such as its biological processes, risk factors, and impacts on health, is vital for developing effective treatments and preventive strategies.

8) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a biological response to harmful stimuli like pathogens or tissue injury, marked by redness, swelling, and pain. In periodontitis, inflammation leads to the destruction of alveolar bone. Understanding its role is vital to develop therapies that mitigate tissue loss and restore health.

9) Observation:
'Observation' refers to the systematic examination and documentation of phenomena. In medical research, careful observation of clinical signs, symptoms, and outcomes helps identify patterns, evaluate interventions, and collect data that contribute to evidence-based practices and advancements in healthcare.

10) Discussion:
'Discussion' constitutes an analysis of study findings, interpreting their significance in the context of existing literature. It allows researchers to explore implications, address limitations, and propose future research directions, fostering a deeper understanding of complex health issues and enhancing knowledge dissemination.

11) Salivation:
'Salivation' is the process of producing saliva, crucial for digestion and oral health. In studies, changes in salivation may indicate systemic conditions or influences, such as hormonal changes during menopause, which can impact oral health and the risk of periodontal diseases.

12) Education:
'Education' refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and competencies. In health contexts, education empowers individuals to understand health risks, engage in preventive measures, and make informed choices regarding lifestyle, ultimately achieving better health outcomes and reducing disease prevalence.

13) Activity:
'Activity' encompasses various forms of movement or engagement, particularly physical exercise. In health studies, understanding the role of activity levels is essential, as regular physical activity can mitigate risk factors for diseases like osteoporosis and enhance overall well-being, underscoring its significance in public health.

14) Quality:
'Quality' refers to the standard of something concerning its presence or absence of defects, weaknesses, or shortcomings. In medicine, evaluating the quality of care, diagnosis, or treatment interventions is vital to ensure they meet established benchmarks, improving patient outcomes and healthcare effectiveness.

15) Sign:
'Sign' relates to an objective indication of a medical condition that can be observed by a clinician. Recognizing disease signs is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, influencing patient management and guiding further investigations based on presented clinical evidence.

16) Hand:
'Hand' may refer to physical touch and manipulation but can also metaphorically symbolize work or effort. In healthcare, the skilled hands of practitioners are essential for assessments, treatments, and ensuring tactile examinations contribute significantly to the holistic understanding of patients' health.

17) Life:
'Life' denotes the existence and experience of being alive, encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being. In healthcare, the quality and duration of life are central concerns, guiding research, policy, and practice aimed at enhancing health outcomes and promoting longevity across populations.

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