Aggressiveness of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in India
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Indian chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy adults
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Vinayak Mahableshwar Joshi, Kishore Gajanan Bhat, Manohar Suresh Kugaji, Preeti Shivaji Ingalgi
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Indian chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy adults
Year: 2016 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.175171
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is recognized as a significant primary periodontal pathogen, primarily responsible for chronic periodontitis (CP). This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Aa among Indian individuals suffering from CP compared to healthy controls, utilizing two detection methods: anaerobic culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Previous findings suggested a correlation between the presence of Aa and the severity of periodontal disease, highlighting its virulence and clinical relevance in periodontal research.
Significance of Dual Detection Methods
The research demonstrated that the detection rates of Aa using culture were 51% in the CP group and only 12% in the healthy group, while PCR methods showed 69% in the CP group and 30% in the healthy group, indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The study underscored the importance of employing both culture and PCR as diagnostic tools for detecting Aa, evidencing PCR's higher sensitivity in identifying this pathogen compared to traditional culture methods. Although culture remains the gold standard for identifying bacterial species, the technical limitations of culturing low-density organisms can lead to discrepancies in results. The study findings thus emphasize that both methods can provide valuable insights into the microbial landscape of periodontal disease, each with its unique advantages.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that Aa is more prevalent in individuals with chronic periodontitis compared to healthy individuals, confirming earlier research. Both culture and PCR techniques were effective in detecting the presence of Aa, although PCR demonstrated superior sensitivity. Given the complex nature of periodontal pathogens, choosing an appropriate detection method is essential based on specific research objectives. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of Aa's role in periodontal disease among the Indian population, highlighting the need for further studies to explore the pathogen's behavior and characteristics in diverse demographic groups.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study?
The study investigates the occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Indian individuals using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), particularly comparing healthy subjects with those suffering from chronic periodontitis.
How many participants were involved in the study?
The study included a total of 200 participants, with 100 in the healthy group and 100 in the chronic periodontitis group, ensuring a comprehensive investigation of Aa occurrence in different populations.
What methods were used to detect Aa in samples?
Aa detection utilized two methods: anaerobic culture on selective media and PCR targeting the 16S rDNA gene. This allowed for a thorough comparison of sensitivity and specificity between the two techniques.
What were the key findings regarding Aa detection rates?
The study found that Aa was significantly more prevalent in the chronic periodontitis group (51% culture and 69% PCR) compared to the healthy group (12% culture and 30% PCR), indicating its role in periodontal disease.
What conclusion can be drawn regarding detection techniques?
Both culture and PCR are effective for detecting Aa. However, PCR proved to be more sensitive, highlighting the need to choose detection methods based on specific research goals and the nature of the samples.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Aggressiveness of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in India”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to a structured representation of data, commonly used in research papers to present findings in a clear and concise manner. In the context of this article, tables summarize the clinical parameters and results related to the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in study participants, allowing for straightforward comparison and analysis.
2) Study (Studying):
The word 'Study' indicates a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting knowledge. This research specifically focused on investigating the occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis, contributing to our understanding of periodontal pathogens in different populations.
3) Indian:
The term 'Indian' refers to the people and culture of India. This study underscores the relevance of examining the occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans specifically in Indian individuals, highlighting the significance of geographic and ethnic diversity in microbiological research and periodontal disease.
4) India:
India is the nation where the study was conducted. The geographic context is relevant because it may influence the prevalence of specific periodontal pathogens due to environmental, dietary, and socio-cultural factors, indicating that findings could differ from those gathered elsewhere.
5) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India, pointing to the specific regional context of the study. The location may have distinct dental health demographics and cultural practices influencing periodontal health, thereby affecting the overall findings regarding Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans prevalence among its population.
6) Disease:
The word 'Disease' refers to a pathological condition affecting an organism. In the context of this article, it pertains specifically to periodontal disease, which is a severe condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth and is implicated in the increased presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
7) Substance:
The term 'Substance' refers to a material or compound. In the context of this study, it relates to substances in subgingival plaque, which may influence the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and the efficacy of the molecular techniques used in the study.
8) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The word 'Antibiotic' indicates a type of medication used to treat bacterial infections. The context of this study suggests that understanding the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is essential for formulating appropriate antibiotic treatment plans for periodontitis among affected individuals.
9) Kappa:
The term 'Kappa' refers to a statistical measure of agreement between different methods of data collection, particularly in this study between culture and PCR results. It provides insight into the reliability of each method in accurately detecting Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
10) Gold (Golden):
The term 'Gold' in this context refers to the 'gold standard,' which represents the best method for identifying a specific condition. Here, culture is referred to as the gold standard for bacterial identification, underscoring its importance in periodontal microbiology despite the advantages of PCR.
11) Measurement:
The term 'Measurement' indicates the process of quantifying specific parameters in the study, such as probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Accurate measurement is crucial for assessing the severity of periodontal disease and evaluating the presence of pathogens like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
12) Karnataka:
Karnataka is another state in India that provides regional context to the study. The inclusion of participants from Karnataka might reflect on the population's dental health, potentially providing insights into localized variations in the prevalence of periodontal diseases and pathogens.
13) Science (Scientific):
The term 'Science' encompasses the systematic study of the natural world, including microbiology and dentistry. This paper contributes to scientific knowledge by exploring the relationship between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and periodontal disease, demonstrating the importance of research in advancing healthcare understanding.
14) Surrounding:
The term 'Surrounding' refers to the external environment related to the teeth and periodontium. Understanding the surrounding factors, including microbial load and host responses, is crucial for evaluating periodontal health and the presence of specific pathogens like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
15) Discussion:
The word 'Discussion' refers to the section of the paper where findings are interpreted and contextualized. This part synthesizes the study's results, linking them to existing literature and further expanding on the implications of the findings regarding periodontal disease and pathogen prevalence.
16) Species:
The term 'Species' is used in biological classification to denote a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. In this study, it refers to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, emphasizing the importance of identifying specific bacterial species in understanding periodontal health and treatment approaches.
17) Filling (Filled):
The term 'Filling' typically pertains to dental procedures involving the restoration of teeth. In the study, it mentions interproximal restorations, referencing the impact that dental treatments may have on periodontal health and the exploration of microbial diversity in affected individuals.
18) Mandal:
Mandal refers to a local administration region in India, which may influence the demographics and health statistics relevant to the study. Understanding the mandal context allows for a better interpretation of regional health trends related to periodontal disease and microbial prevalence.
19) Nature:
The word 'Nature' in this context refers to the intrinsic characteristics and behaviors of the organisms studied, specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Understanding the nature of these organisms, including their virulence and ability to cause disease, is key to developing effective treatment strategies.
20) Medium:
The term 'Medium' in microbiological contexts refers to the nutrient solutions used for culturing bacteria. The appropriate medium is crucial for the successful isolation and identification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, affecting the reliability of the study's findings.
21) Labour (Labor):
The term 'Labour' may refer to the effort in conducting the research, including sample collection and analysis. Recognizing the labor involved in microbiological studies emphasizes the complexities and resource demands in researching periodontal pathogens effectively.
22) Cotton:
The term 'Cotton' is used in the context of dental procedures to denote sterile cotton rolls used during sample collection to remove supragingival plaque. The presence of clean sampling conditions is vital for accurate microbial analysis in periodontal research.
23) Water:
In this context, 'Water' may refer to components in the laboratory procedures, such as buffers or rinsing solutions used during the DNA extraction process, highlighting its role in maintaining sample integrity and ensuring the reliability of the study's results.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Aggressiveness of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in India’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Clinical examination, Clinical diagnosis, Ethical committee, Polymerase chain reaction, Cross-sectional study, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Subgingival plaque, Chronic periodontitis, Statistically significant difference, Mann–Whitney U-test, Biological diversity, Culture media, Specific primer, Clinical parameter, Oral microbiome, Detection method.