IL-18 levels in GCF and serum of Bengali periodontal health/disease

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Estimation of interleukin-18 in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum of Bengali population with periodontal health and disease
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Vineet Nair, Prasanta Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata Kundu, Satadal Das


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Estimation of interleukin-18 in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum of Bengali population with periodontal health and disease

Year: 2016 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.183098

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study investigates the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18), a cytokine involved in the immune response to bacterial infections, in periodontal health and disease. IL-18 is known for its pro-inflammatory and potential tumor-suppressive properties. The research focuses on the correlation between IL-18 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of individuals with varying periodontal conditions—healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis—before and after periodontal treatment.

The Significance of IL-18 in Periodontal Disease

Findings reveal that IL-18 concentrations are highest in chronic periodontitis (144.61 pg/μl in GCF and 55.12 pg/ml in serum) and lower in healthy individuals (17.94 pg/μl in GCF and 11.49 pg/ml in serum). As periodontal health deteriorates, there is a significant increase in IL-18 levels, highlighting its role as a biomarker for inflammation in periodontal disease. Post-treatment evaluations showed a marked reduction in IL-18 levels across all groups, suggesting that periodontal therapy can effectively decrease inflammation and cytokine release in the gingival tissues. These results underscore the potential of IL-18 as a critical mediator in the progression of periodontal disease and its responsiveness to therapeutic interventions.

Conclusion

The study concludes that elevated levels of IL-18 in both GCF and serum are directly correlated with the severity of periodontal inflammation. As the inflammatory response subsides following treatment, IL-18 levels significantly decrease, indicating its role in the inflammatory process of periodontal disease. Future research with larger populations is recommended to further elucidate the impact of IL-18 on periodontal health and disease progression, reinforcing the need for ongoing investigation into the cytokine's therapeutic and diagnostic potential in dentistry.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the primary focus of this study on IL-18?

The study investigates the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in periodontal health and disease, assessing its levels in patients with varying conditions, including healthy gums, chronic gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis before and after treatment.

How were participants categorized in the study?

Eighty participants were divided into four groups: healthy control, chronic gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis, based on clinical parameters like gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss.

How were IL-18 levels measured in the study?

IL-18 levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum were measured using the ELISA technique, with 160 samples collected from participants both before and after periodontal treatment.

What were the key findings regarding IL-18 levels?

IL-18 levels were highest in chronic periodontitis and lowest in healthy individuals. Post-treatment, a decrease in IL-18 levels was observed across all groups, indicating a correlation with inflammation reduction.

What implications do the results have for periodontal disease treatment?

The findings suggest that monitoring IL-18 levels can provide insights into periodontal inflammation, guiding treatment decisions and evaluating therapeutic efficacy over time.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “IL-18 levels in GCF and serum of Bengali periodontal health/disease”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
In the context of the research presented, 'Table' refers to the organized presentation of data that summarizes findings from the study, including descriptive statistics and mean levels of IL-18 in different groups based on periodontal health conditions. Tables are crucial for reader comprehension and allow for easy comparison of results across experimental groups.

2) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' denotes the biological response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens or trauma, and its significance in this study lies in its association with periodontal disease progression. Increased levels of IL-18 correlate with heightened inflammation, indicating a potential target for therapeutic intervention and a marker for disease severity.

3) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' signifies the systematic investigation undertaken to explore the role of IL-18 in periodontal health and disease among specific patient populations. It encompasses objectives, methodologies, sample selection, and results that collectively contribute to the existing body of knowledge on periodontal disease mechanisms and treatment outcomes.

4) Disease:
'Disease' refers to pathological conditions affecting the periodontal tissues, specifically chronic and aggressive periodontitis in this research. Understanding the mechanisms behind these diseases, including the role of cytokines like IL-18, fosters insights into potential treatment strategies and the biological interactions at play within periodontal diseases.

5) Observation:
'Observation' in this context refers to the systematic examination and interpretation of data and results within the study. Key observations include the levels of IL-18 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum relative to periodontal health status, which guide conclusions about the cytokine's role in inflammation and disease severity.

6) Relative:
'Relative' denotes the importance of comparison and correlation, particularly in how IL-18 levels vary across different states of periodontal health and disease. Understanding these relationships informs clinicians and researchers about the cytokine's significance in the progression or resolution of inflammatory responses within periodontal tissues.

7) Blood:
'Blood' is critical in the study as it serves as a source for serum samples to measure systemic levels of IL-18. Analyzing blood alongside gingival crevicular fluid helps in understanding the broader inflammatory response and potential biomarkers for periodontal health and disease states.

8) Sign:
'Sign' represents indicators of specific health conditions, such as clinical markers of periodontal disease severity. Identifying signs through measurements of IL-18 levels assists in diagnosing disease progression and evaluating the effectiveness of periodontal therapies, thereby enhancing clinical approaches to treatment.

9) Post:
'Post' refers to the period following periodontal therapy, where measurements were repeated to assess changes in IL-18 levels. The post-treatment evaluations are essential for understanding therapeutic outcomes and establishing the timeframe for recovery, inflammation reduction, and ongoing monitoring of periodontal health.

10) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
'Accumulation' pertains to the build-up of IL-18 or other inflammatory markers in periodontal tissues, particularly in response to chronic inflammation. This study investigates how the accumulation of cytokines influences disease progression and the body's attempts at repair and recovery from periodontal inflammation.

11) Company:
'Company' often indicates a business entity involved in producing or providing products or services, such as assay kits for measuring IL-18. In research, the involvement of commercial companies underlines the importance of reliable, standardized methods and materials that affirm the study's validity and reproducibility.

12) Family:
'Family' in a biological context refers to groups of related cytokines, such as interleukins. IL-18, which belongs to the IL-1 family, shares structural and functional characteristics with other cytokines, thereby providing comparative insights into inflammatory processes and their roles in various diseases, including periodontal disease.

13) Indian:
'Indian' signifies the demographic focus of this study on individuals from an Indian Bengali population. This geographic and cultural specificity is important for understanding genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences on periodontal disease expressions, as well as tailoring interventions to fit the population studied.

14) Rheumatoid arthritis:
'Rheumatoid arthritis' refers to an autoimmune disorder characterized by systemic inflammation. The study mentions this condition to underscore the analogous roles of IL-18 in both autoimmune and periodontal diseases, suggesting that insights into one area could illuminate mechanisms that fuel inflammation in the other.

15) Calculation:
'Calculation' represents the analytical processes used to derive statistical values from the collected data. Accurate calculations are foundational to comparing IL-18 levels and establishing correlations with clinical parameters, ultimately leading to meaningful conclusions about the impact of inflammation on periodontal health.

16) Discussion:
'Discussion' is the section of the research where the authors interpret their findings, contextualizing their results within existing literature. This critical analysis helps clarify the implications of IL-18 levels regarding periodontal disease mechanisms and informs future research directions or clinical practices.

17) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Antibiotic' relates to the medications utilized in managing bacterial infections. The study accounts for individuals' medical history free from antibiotics to rule out confounding factors that could influence cytokine measurements, thereby ensuring the integrity of the results regarding IL-18 levels and periodontal inflammation.

18) Bengali:
'Bengali' refers to the specific ethnic and cultural group within the Indian population studied, determining the socio-cultural context that may influence periodontal health outcomes. Recognizing the Bengali demographic helps in understanding potential genetic predispositions and environmental factors relevant to oral health patterns in this population.

19) Cancer:
'Cancer' is mentioned in relation to the role of IL-18 in various diseases, emphasizing its pro-inflammatory characteristics. Understanding how IL-18 functions in both periodontal disease and cancer contexts can pave the way for integrated therapeutic strategies that address inflammation across different medical fields.

20) Repair:
'Repair' signifies the body's healing processes following periodontal therapy. The study examines how levels of IL-18 influence repair mechanisms post-treatment, linking cytokine activity to tissue regeneration and function restoration, and illustrating the importance of inflammatory responses in successful healing.

21) Cotton:
'Cotton' refers to the type of materials used to isolate gingival crevicular fluid samples during the collection process. This aids in ensuring sample purity and avoiding contamination, which is essential for accurate measurement of cytokines like IL-18 and the reliability of findings.

22) Rudra:
'Rudra' is the name of a recognized academic figure who contributed to the study's oversight. Mentioning individuals like Rudra highlights the importance of collaboration and expert guidance in conducting rigorous research, ensuring adherence to ethical standards and quality control throughout the study process.

23) India:
'India' denotes the geographical context wherein the study was situated, influencing various factors such as population demographics, health practices, and prevalence of periodontal disease. The national context aids in interpreting findings with respect to cultural, social, and health-related variables specific to the Indian population.

24) Wall:
'Wall' relates to the structural components of tissue, possibly in the context of inflammation and how cytokines affect tissue integrity. Understanding the interactions within tissue walls can aid in grasping the implications of inflammatory markers like IL-18 on periodontal disease pathology.

25) Drug:
'Drug' signifies therapeutic agents used in the management of periodontal diseases. This term emphasizes the pharmacological aspect of treatment, highlighting the importance of understanding cytokines' roles, like IL-18, to develop effective pharmacotherapy that can facilitate healing and disease control.

26) Pur:
'Poor' often describes suboptimal conditions, such as poor periodontal health or socioeconomic status. In this research context, it may reference the correlation between poor periodontal health and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-18, further underscoring the need for effective interventions.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘IL-18 levels in GCF and serum of Bengali periodontal health/disease’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Chronic inflammation, Statistical analysis, Systemic disease, Gingival index, Immune response, Chronic periodontitis, Scaling and root planing, Probing pocket depth, Radiographic evidence, Mean concentration, Periodontal therapy, Healthy control group, ELISA technique, Periodontal health and disease, Gingival crevicular fluid, Interleukin-12, Pro-inflammatory cytokine, Clinical parameter, Serum sample, Matrix metalloproteinase, Clinical attachment loss, Prostaglandin E2, Helsinki Declaration, Chronic gingivitis, Post-Hoc Tukey's test, Aggressive periodontitis, Flap surgery, Bacterial biofilm.

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