Effects of Nd:YAG laser on fibroblast attachment to tooth surfaces
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Modulatory effects by neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser on fibroblast attachment to single rooted tooth surfaces following ultrasonic scaling and root planning: An in vitro study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Shanta Negi, Malathi Krishnamurthy, Kiran Kumar Ganji, Sunil Pendor
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Modulatory effects by neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser on fibroblast attachment to single rooted tooth surfaces following ultrasonic scaling and root planning: An in vitro study
Year: 2015 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.145819
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Periodontal therapy aims to achieve connective tissue reattachment to previously diseased root surfaces, a critical aspect in addressing periodontal disease. Recent advancements have introduced laser therapy, particularly neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers, as a promising tool for enhancing treatment efficacy. The study highlighted herein explores the effects of Nd: YAG lasers on fibroblast attachment to root surfaces affected by periodontal disease, comparing it with traditional scaling and root planing (SRP) techniques.
Enhancement of Fibroblast Attachment by Laser Treatment
The research involved an in vitro study using 30 extracted single-rooted human teeth exhibiting advanced periodontal disease. The teeth were processed into specimens and divided into three groups: a control group (untreated), a SRP group, and a laser treatment group (which included both Nd: YAG laser treatment and ultrasonic scaling). Results demonstrated that the laser-treated specimens showed a significantly higher number of fibroblast attachments, with a median of 49 fibroblasts compared to 22 in the SRP group and only 8 in the control group. Moreover, the laser-treated group exhibited a higher proportion of flat fibroblasts, indicative of healthier cell morphology, compared to the other groups. This finding suggests that Nd: YAG laser treatment effectively conditions root surfaces, promoting improved fibroblast attachment essential for connective tissue regeneration.
Conclusion
The study concluded that Nd: YAG laser irradiation, when applied at specific energy levels, can effectively enhance fibroblast attachment to root surfaces. This enhancement may facilitate the re-establishment of connective tissue attachment in previously diseased teeth, underscoring the potential of laser therapy as a superior adjunct to conventional periodontal treatments. Future research, particularly in vivo studies, is recommended to further validate these findings and explore the clinical implications of laser applications in periodontal surgery for more effective patient outcomes.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main goal of periodontal therapy?
The main goal of periodontal therapy is to achieve connective tissue reattachment to previously diseased root surfaces, promoting healing and regeneration of the periodontium.
How do Nd: YAG lasers improve periodontal disease treatment?
Nd: YAG lasers enhance the treatment of periodontal disease by conditioning root surfaces, which improves fibroblast attachment and aids in the re-establishment of connective tissue attachment.
What materials were used in the study to evaluate fibroblast attachment?
The study utilized 30 extracted periodontally compromised single-rooted human teeth to evaluate the effects of Nd: YAG lasers and scaling on fibroblast attachment to the root surfaces.
How were the experimental groups organized in the study?
The specimens were divided into three groups: a control group, scaling and root planing (SRP) group, and an Nd: YAG laser plus SRP group, to compare fibroblast attachment outcomes.
What was the conclusion regarding Nd: YAG laser use in periodontal therapy?
The study concluded that Nd: YAG laser irradiation at specific energy densities can effectively enhance fibroblast attachment, aiding in reconnecting connective tissue to root surfaces in diseased teeth.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effects of Nd:YAG laser on fibroblast attachment to tooth surfaces”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to a structured presentation of data, often found in academic papers. In this study, tables summarize group-wise statistics, comparing fibroblast counts across different treatment groups. Such organization aids in the clarity and understanding of complex data, allowing readers to quickly grasp key findings and insights.
2) Surface:
'Surface' refers to the exterior or outer boundary of an object. In this context, it relates to the root surfaces of teeth being studied for fibroblast attachment. The condition of the surface greatly affects cellular interactions and healing processes, making it critical in periodontal therapy and the study's experimental outcomes.
3) Study (Studying):
'Study' denotes a systematic investigation into a particular subject. Here, it refers to the research conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Nd: YAG laser treatment on fibroblast attachment to periodontal root surfaces. It encompasses the methodology, analysis, and conclusions drawn to advance knowledge in periodontal therapy and laser applications.
4) Relative:
'Relative' describes the connection or relationship between two or more entities. In this research, it could pertain to the comparison of fibroblast attachment in different treatment groups relative to one another. Understanding these relationships provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of various treatment modalities in periodontal healing.
5) Disease:
'Disease' signifies a pathological condition affecting the body's normal functioning. In the context of this study, it pertains to periodontal disease, which leads to tissue destruction and affects dental health. Evaluating treatment effects on disease-impacted root surfaces is essential for restoring periodontal health and promoting better patient outcomes.
6) Pulse:
'Pulse' refers to the periodic transmission of energy or a signal. In this study, it relates to the Nd: YAG laser's pulsed operation at specific energy levels. The pulse settings are crucial for effective tissue interaction, influencing the therapy's efficiency in improving fibroblast attachment on tooth surfaces.
7) Garnet:
'Garnet' is a mineral used in the context of lasers, specifically neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers. This material plays a crucial role in laser efficiency and application in periodontal therapy. It allows for effective photonic interaction necessary for laser treatments, enhancing fibroblast adherence and biodegradation.
8) Water:
'Water' is a fundamental solvent in biological systems, crucial for various physiological processes. In this study, sterile water is utilized for specimen preparation and washing, underscoring its significance in maintaining sterile conditions. Its role is vital in laboratory settings, as it impacts the integrity of biological samples and experimental outcomes.
9) Observation:
'Observation' denotes the act of monitoring or examining something closely. In the study, it refers to analyzing fibroblast attachment on treated tooth surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. Careful observation allows researchers to draw accurate conclusions regarding cellular behavior, providing insights on biocompatibility and treatment effectiveness.
10) Container:
'Container' refers to any receptacle for holding items. In this context, it signifies the sterile containers used for transporting tooth samples to the laboratory. The correct use of containers is crucial for maintaining specimen viability, ensuring that the samples remain uncontaminated for accurate testing and observation.
11) Science (Scientific):
'Science' encompasses the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world. This research is rooted in scientific inquiry, aiming to expand knowledge in periodontal therapy through empirical evidence. It drives innovation in treatment methodologies, emphasizing evidence-based approaches to enhance patient care and health outcomes.
12) Reason:
'Reason' indicates a logical basis for an action or outcome. In this study, it pertains to the rationale behind using Nd: YAG laser therapy to investigate its impact on fibroblast attachment. Understanding the reasons behind experimental choices is essential for interpreting results and guiding future research directions.
13) Medium:
'Medium' refers to the supportive environment used for culturing cells. In this study, it indicates the specific biochemical environment where fibroblast cells flourish. The choice of culture medium is critical as it impacts cell behavior, growth, and attachment on root surfaces, influencing experimental outcomes significantly.
14) Wall:
'Wall' suggests a barrier or boundary. In the study, it relates to the structural layers within tooth roots, such as the cementum and dentin. Understanding these walls is essential for evaluating the impact of treatments on physiological interactions, as they influence the healing processes following periodontal interventions.
15) Line:
'Line' can represent a demarcation or a boundary within a study. In this research, it might refer to the methodology or theoretical lines guiding the experimental design. Clarifying lines of inquiry helps maintain focus on specific objectives and methodologies for effective investigation and insightful conclusions.
16) Hand:
'Hand' signifies manual intervention or the act of performing tasks. In this context, it relates to the manual instrumentation aspects of scaling and root planning in periodontal treatments. Understanding hand techniques and their comparison with laser treatments is crucial for assessing efficacy and improving dental practices.
17) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' refers to the body's defense response to injury or infection. In periodontal disease, it indicates the pathological state that requires intervention. Understanding inflammation is vital in evaluating treatment effectiveness, as successful therapies should aim to reduce inflammatory responses and promote healing and regeneration in periodontal tissues.
18) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section of a research paper dedicated to interpreting results and their implications. In this study, it highlights the relevance of findings regarding fibroblast attachment and offers insights into how laser treatments can enhance periodontal healing. It is crucial for integrating research outcomes with clinical practice.
19) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
'Tamil Nadu' is a state in India, indicating the geographical origin of the study population. Its mention underscores the regional context of the research. Identifying the study's locale is important for understanding demographic influences on research results and ensuring relevance to local healthcare practices and environments.
20) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Antibiotic' denotes a class of drugs used to treat bacterial infections. In the context of this study, it highlights the exclusion criteria related to patients on antibiotic therapy prior to the research. Understanding antibiotic impacts on periodontal treatments is essential for accurate data interpretation and effective patient management.
21) Medicine:
'Medicine' signifies the field dedicated to diagnosing and treating health ailments. In relation to this study, it highlights the clinical significance of periodontal therapies and the implications of using lasers in dental practice. It emphasizes the integration of scientific research into practical medical applications for patient care.
22) Account:
'Account' can refer to a detailed report or explanation of events or findings. In this study, it may indicate the justification of observed results and their implications for future research and treatments in periodontal care. Providing a robust account enriches understanding and fosters further exploration in the field.
23) Filling (Filled):
'Filling' denotes the material used to restore teeth damaged by cavities. In this context, it signifies the exclusion criteria regarding teeth with fillings. It emphasizes the need to ensure study specimens are free from such interventions to maintain experimental integrity and focus on periodontal disease treatment outcomes.
24) Company:
'Company' refers to an organization involved in a business. In the context of this study, it could relate to the manufacturers of dental instruments or laser equipment employed. Acknowledging the companies involved may indicate potential affiliations or influences on product development and research collaboration within the dental field.
25) Nature:
'Nature' refers to the inherent qualities or characteristics of something. In this research, it might highlight the biological nature of fibroblasts and their critical role in healing processes. Understanding the nature of cellular interactions with root surfaces aids in developing effective treatments for periodontal diseases.
26) Field:
'Field' signifies a particular domain of study or specialization. In this study, it refers to periodontology and laser applications within dentistry. Recognizing the field of research emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions and cultivates focused knowledge that enhances clinical practices and treatment methodologies for improved patient outcomes.
27) Tamil:
'Tamil' pertains to the Tamil language and culture, indicating the study's cultural context. Understanding the regional cultural dynamics may provide insights into patient demographics and thus influence research practices, patient interaction, and the application of study findings within the local healthcare framework.
28) Blood:
'Blood' refers to the bodily fluid transporting oxygen and nutrients. In this context, it underscores the biological background of the studied subjects, particularly in relation to systemic health factors that could influence periodontal disease. Understanding blood parameters is essential for comprehensive patient assessments and treatment planning.
29) Eagle:
'Eagle' generally refers to a bird of prey but lacks direct importance in this study's context. If mentioned, it could represent metaphorical strength or a broader symbolic reference commonly associated with a pursuit of insights and discovery, emphasizing the inquisitive nature of scientific research.
30) Nadu:
'Nadu' is part of Tamil Nadu, a state in India, reiterating the geographical and cultural context of the research. Its inclusion aids in framing the study's relevance and impacts on local dental health practices, while also linking the findings to regional implications for periodontal therapy advancements.
31) Gold (Golden):
'Gold' may refer to the metallic element often used for dental restorations. In this context, it might highlight the importance of materials science in dentistry. Understanding the use of biocompatible materials in dental applications relates to studies on enhancing healing outcomes and patient health in periodontal care.