Study on efficacy of root conditioning agents via SEM.
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study to evaluate the efficacy of various root conditioning agents
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Jaishree Garg, Rajkumar Maurya, Ankur Gupta, Pradeep Tandon, Krishna Kumar Gupta, Amitabh Srivastava
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study to evaluate the efficacy of various root conditioning agents
Year: 2015 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.167168
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The primary objective of periodontal therapy is to re-establish connective tissue attachment to diseased root surfaces affected by periodontitis. These surfaces often harbor a smear layer that limits biocompatibility with adjacent periodontal cells, hindering the healing process. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different root conditioning agents—citric acid, tetracycline hydrochloride, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)—in removing the smear layer and opening dentinal tubules on scaled and root-planed dentin surfaces. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy, the study assesses the structural alterations of the dentin after treatment with these chemical agents.
Efficacy of Chemical Agents
One significant finding from the study is that citric acid proved to be the most effective agent for exposing patent dentinal tubules. All applied chemical agents showed an ability to remove the smear layer; however, the citric acid group exhibited the highest total number of tubules (601), followed by the EDTA group (464) and tetracycline hydrochloride group (354). Additionally, the diameter of patent dentinal tubules was greatest in the citric acid group (0.608 µm), indicating its superior capability in both cleaning and etching dentin surfaces compared to the other agents. This supports the notion that citric acid may facilitate enhanced periodontal regeneration due to its effectiveness in promoting tubule openings.
Conclusion
In summary, the study reveals that all three conditioning agents—citric acid, tetracycline hydrochloride, and EDTA—are effective in removing smear layers from root surfaces. However, citric acid stands out as the most efficient in opening dentinal tubules, as evidenced by a higher number of patent tubules and larger diameters compared to tetracycline hydrochloride and EDTA. These findings underscore the importance of selecting the appropriate root conditioning agent in periodontal therapy to promote optimal attachment and healing of periodontal tissues, suggesting that citric acid should be prioritized in clinical applications for root surface preparation.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the purpose of the study discussed in the text?
The study aimed to investigate the changes on dentin surfaces after applying different etching agents—citric acid, tetracycline hydrochloride, and EDTA—following scaling and root planing. The effects on dentinal tubule opening were specifically assessed.
How many groups were used in the study and what were they?
Eighty tooth specimens were categorized into four groups: Group I (control with saline), Group II (treated with citric acid), Group III (treated with tetracycline hydrochloride), and Group IV (treated with EDTA).
Which agent proved most effective in opening dentinal tubules?
Citric acid was most effective, exhibiting the highest number of open dentinal tubules compared to tetracycline hydrochloride and EDTA, which had significantly lower counts and diameters of tubule openings.
What was the significance of the findings regarding patent dentinal tubules?
Findings indicated that citric acid not only effectively removed the smear layer but also resulted in wider patent tubule openings. This enhances conditions necessary for periodontal healing and attachment formation.
What can be concluded from the study regarding root conditioning agents?
The study concluded that all three agents were effective in eliminating smear layers. Citric acid was the most efficient in increasing the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules, aiding periodontal regeneration.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study on efficacy of root conditioning agents via SEM.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
The keyword 'Table' refers to data compilations used in the study to summarize findings about dentinal tubules’ openings after using various acid etching methods. Tables help readers grasp complex results efficiently through organized visual formats, enhancing understanding and comparative analysis across different treatment groups in the research.
2) Surface:
The term 'Surface' is significant as it discusses the physical area of dentin exposed during the study. It is the focus of experimental assessments regarding alterations after treatments with citric acid, EDTA, and tetracycline hydrochloride, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of these agents in cleaning and preparing the root surface.
3) Study (Studying):
The word 'Study' underlines the systematic approach taken to investigate the effects of different root conditioning agents on dentin surfaces. It emphasizes the scientific inquiry aimed at establishing a better understanding of periodontal treatment methodologies through controlled experiments and detailed analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
4) Cotton:
The term 'Cotton' relates to the material used for applying the conditioning agents to the prepared dentin surfaces. Saturated cotton pellets were utilized for precise application, facilitating controlled delivery of treatments, which is crucial for ensuring consistent exposure duration and concentration of agents, thereby influencing the outcomes observed.
5) Water:
The inclusion of 'Water' is critical in the methodology for rinsing specimens after treatment. Distilled water not only halts the chemical action of the conditioning agents but also ensures that the dentin samples are clean before drying and mounting for analysis. Water is a fundamental solvent in the experimental protocol.
6) Surrounding:
The term 'Surrounding' refers to the tissues adjacent to the treated dentin surfaces. Understanding the impact of root conditioning agents on the surrounding periodontal tissue is vital, as these agents can have systemic effects that influence healing or regeneration in periodontal therapy and affect the overall periodontal health.
7) Observation:
The keyword 'Observation' refers to the visual assessments made during the study, primarily using scanning electron microscopy. Observations allowed researchers to note the extent of dentinal tubule openings and the presence of smear layers, contributing significantly to the understanding of how various treatments impact root surface morphology.
8) Powder:
The term 'Powder' refers to the form in which tetracycline is applied. Tetracycline powder is notably used for its therapeutic properties on dentin surfaces. The powder's application method is significant, as its ability to occlude dentinal tubules affects the study's evaluation of treatment efficacy.
9) Discussion:
The word 'Discussion' indicates the section of the study where the results are interpreted, compared with previous literature, and implications are drawn. It translates findings into practical insights for periodontal treatment, offering explanations for the observed effects and suggesting avenues for future research or clinical applications.
10) Depression:
The term 'Depression' is used to describe indentations on the dentin surface corresponding to tubule openings observed during SEM analysis. Noting these depressions aids in understanding the structural changes post-treatment, which is critical for assessing the effectiveness of the agents used in opening dentinal tubules.
11) Substance:
The keyword 'Substance' relates to the chemical agents used in the study, such as citric acid, tetracycline, and EDTA. Each substance’s unique properties influence their efficacy in removing the smear layer and modifying dentinal tubule morphology, impacting treatment outcomes in periodontal therapy.
12) Activity:
The term 'Activity' relates to the biological or chemical processes induced by the treatment agents on the dentin surfaces. Understanding these activities is essential to assess how each agent interacts with the dentin, which could guide clinicians in selecting appropriate treatments for periodontal conditions.
13) Glass:
The keyword 'Glass' refers to the desired texture of the dentin surfaces post-treatment. A smooth, glass-like surface is indicative of effective root planing and conditioning, which enhances the likelihood of successful periodontal attachment and healing, underlining the importance of surface quality in periodontal therapies.
14) Gold (Golden):
The term 'Gold' refers to the sputter coating applied to the dentin samples before scanning electron microscopy. Gold provides a conductive layer that allows for high-resolution imaging, essential for accurately observing surface alterations and tubule openings, thus enhancing the reliability of the study's findings.
15) Salt (Salty):
The term 'Salt' relates to the saline solution used for the temporary storage of extracted teeth. Storing samples in saline ensures cellular viability and prevents degradation before experimentation. The use of a salt solution is crucial for maintaining sample integrity, which can influence subsequent experimental results.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Study on efficacy of root conditioning agents via SEM.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Statistical analysis, Scanning electron microscope, Smear layer, Citric Acid, Periodontal therapy, Dentinal tubules, Tetracycline hydrochloride, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Sodium deoxycholate, Biocompatible surface.