Idiopathic gingival enlargement with aggressive periodontitis in a 19F

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Idiopathic gingival enlargement associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis in a 19-year-old female
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Arvind Shetty, Neha Gupta, Devanand Shetty, Rukshit Kadakia


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Idiopathic gingival enlargement associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis in a 19-year-old female

Year: 2014 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.131344

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Idiopathic gingival enlargement (IGE), a rare form of gingival overgrowth, has been increasingly studied to understand its genetic and molecular underpinnings. IGE can occur as an isolated condition or as part of a syndrome, with ongoing research aimed at clarifying the exact genetic linkages. This condition, which is sometimes referred to as hereditary gingival enlargement (HGE), is characterized by a slow-growing, benign proliferation of gingival tissue. Aggressive periodontitis, a distinct periodontal disease, leads to rapid destruction of periodontal tissues and is associated with genetic predispositions and host susceptibility. The current report details a rare case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis in a 19-year-old female diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Neutrophil Function Defects and Their Role in Periodontal Disease

The case presented highlights the significant connection between idiopathic gingival enlargement and aggressive periodontitis via the assessment of neutrophil function. In the reported patient, histopathological analysis, alongside neutrophil function tests, revealed a defect in neutrophil phagocytosis, indicative of an impaired immune response. This reduced phagocytic ability may correlate with the observed widespread periodontal tissue destruction. Traditionally, neutrophil dysfunction is recognized as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis, where a complex interplay between biofilm response and host defense mechanisms leads to severe clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

This unique case underscores the need for further research into the mechanisms linking non-syndromic idiopathic gingival fibromatosis and generalized aggressive periodontitis. The findings indicate that genetic predispositions and neutrophil functional defects may play crucial roles in the co-occurrence of these two conditions. Understanding these relationships is vital for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes in individuals affected by similar pathologies.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is idiopathic gingival enlargement (IGE)?

Idiopathic gingival enlargement (IGE) is a rare condition characterized by benign, slow-growing overgrowth of gingival tissues with an unclear cause. It may also be referred to as hereditary gingival enlargement (HGF) due to its links to specific genes.

What are the clinical features of aggressive periodontitis?

Aggressive periodontitis exhibits rapid periodontal tissue destruction, attachment loss, and tooth mobility. It typically affects younger individuals and is associated with specific microbial profiles and immune response alterations, differing from chronic periodontitis.

How is the diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis made?

Diagnosis involves assessing clinical attachment loss, probing depth, radiographic evidence of bone loss, and ruling out systemic diseases, often combined with examination of neutrophil function and microbial factors linked to the disease.

What treatment options are available for this case?

Treatment may include scaling and root planing, systemic antimicrobial therapy, extraction of affected teeth, and gingivectomy to manage gingival overgrowth. Continuous monitoring and personalized care are essential for managing such complex cases.

What leads to the association of IGE with aggressive periodontitis?

The association arises due to the unique clinical presentation of severe gingival enlargement coupled with notable attachment loss and periodontal destruction. Genetic predispositions and functional defects in neutrophil response may contribute to this relationship.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Idiopathic gingival enlargement with aggressive periodontitis in a 19F”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Disease:
The term 'disease' refers to a pathological condition, associated with specific signs and symptoms, affecting an individual's health. In the context of the article, diseases such as idiopathic gingival enlargement and aggressive periodontitis highlight the relevance of understanding oral health conditions, their etiology, manifestations, and treatment strategies.

2) Table:
The word 'table' is not directly explained in the provided text; however, in academic and clinical research, tables often serve as a tool to organize data succinctly. They may illustrate findings, relationships, or statistics pertinent to the research being discussed, aiding readers in visualizing important information.

3) Relative:
'Relative' generally relates to the concept of connections among individuals or within families. In this article, it addresses familial relationships regarding genetic predisposition to diseases like hereditary gingival enlargement. Understanding the relative nature of such conditions can aid in diagnosing and managing similar cases within a family context.

4) Family:
'Family' pertains to a group of related individuals. In the study, the lack of a family history of similar dental issues suggests genetic factors associated with gingival enlargement. Recognizing familial links to diseases supports the understanding of hereditary conditions, guiding diagnosis, and indicating potential recurrence risks among relatives.

5) Drug:
The term 'drug' refers to substances prescribed for therapeutic purposes. The article discusses systemic drugs causing gingival overgrowth, emphasizing the role of medications in oral health. Understanding the effects of pharmacological treatment is essential for dental professionals to prevent and manage drug-induced conditions effectively.

6) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a bodily response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. In the context of periodontal diseases, inflammation plays a critical role in tissue destruction and disease progression. Analyzing inflammation helps clinicians determine the underlying causes and guide treatment options.

7) Hygiene (Hygienic):
'Hygiene' encompasses practices that maintain health and prevent disease. In dental care, good oral hygiene is crucial for preventing gingivitis, periodontitis, and other oral diseases. The article highlights the importance of maintaining oral hygiene, particularly in patients with gingival enlargement, to minimize further complications.

8) Nature:
In this context, 'nature' pertains to the intrinsic qualities or characteristics of diseases, particularly aggressive periodontitis. The nature of a disease influences its etiology, progression, and management strategies, impacting overall patient outcomes. Understanding the nature of such conditions aids in developing targeted therapeutic approaches.

9) Reason:
'Reason' refers to the underlying cause or justification for a particular condition or action. In the discussed cases, identifying the reason behind idiopathic gingival overgrowth and aggressive periodontitis is pivotal. Understanding the reasons allows for more effective diagnosis, preventative measures, and treatment planning.

10) Blood:
'Blood' is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and is also a medium for immune response. In the article, the evaluation of blood results for neutrophil function highlights its importance in diagnosing and understanding systemic conditions connected to oral diseases like aggressive periodontitis.

11) Discussion:
The term 'discussion' indicates a section of research articles where findings are analyzed and interpreted. This segment aids in contextualizing the results, elucidating their significance, exploring implications for practice, and suggesting further research directions. In this case, the discussion links various findings to the diagnosed conditions.

12) Developing:
'Developing' relates to the process of progression or growth of conditions over time. In the context of idiopathic gingival enlargement and aggressive periodontitis, developing conditions signify the importance of early detection, monitoring, and management to prevent severe outcomes through timely interventions.

13) Swelling:
'Swelling' describes an expansion of bodily tissue due to inflammation, infection, or injury. In the case presented, gingival swelling is a hallmark symptom of gingival enlargement, indicating the disease's presence. It underscores the need for clinical evaluation and management strategies to address the underlying issues.

14) Activity:
'Activity' can relate to various physiological processes, including immune responses. In the article context, evaluating neutrophil activity is essential in determining the host's ability to combat periodontal disease. Activity levels can indicate the severity of disease and guide treatment planning.

15) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' is a critical sign of inflammation or disease, particularly in periodontal conditions. The presence of bleeding upon probing in the patient highlights periodontal tissue health and disease severity. Recognizing signs of bleeding is vital for diagnosis and treatment effectiveness assessment.

16) Killing (Killed):
'Killing' often refers to the destruction of pathogens by immune cells, such as neutrophils. In periodontal diseases, effective bacteria killing is crucial for limiting infection and tissue destruction. The article discusses neutrophil phagocytosis, indicating its role in defending against periodontopathic bacteria and preserving oral health.

17) Food:
'Food' denotes substances consumed for nourishment. In dental health, dietary factors can influence gingival health, with certain foods potentially aggravating or improving conditions. However, dietary consideration should accompany oral hygiene and professional care in managing gingival enlargement and periodontitis.

18) Viru:
'Viru' seems to originate from 'virus,' denoting infectious agents that can impact host health. Although the article does not delve deeply into specific viral implications, understanding how viral pathogens may contribute to or complicate periodontal conditions presents an avenue for future research.

19) Pur:
'Poor' generally describes inadequate quality or condition. In the context of periodontal health, 'poor' oral hygiene contributes to disease progression and host susceptibility. Recognition of poor oral care habits underscores the need for patient education and effective dental interventions.

20) Male:
'Male' identifies one gender, often in studies concerning diseases with different gender predispositions. The equal affecting nature of hereditary gingival enlargement among males and females point towards genetic factors influencing disease prevalence and complexity, relevant in understanding and managing dental conditions.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Idiopathic gingival enlargement with aggressive periodontitis in a 19F’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Treatment Protocol, Gingival index, Genetic predisposition, Oral Hygiene Index, Scaling and root planing, Histopathological analysis, Age of onset, Dental extraction, Clinical attachment loss, Gingival enlargement, Localized aggressive periodontitis, Aggressive periodontitis.

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