Zinc and magnesium levels in type 2 diabetes with periodontitis
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Serum zinc and magnesium concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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D. S. Pushparani, S. Nirmala Anandan, P. Theagarayan
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Serum zinc and magnesium concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis
Year: 2014 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.131322
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for periodontal diseases, including periodontitis. This multifactorial disease is exacerbated by systemic and environmental factors, and its progression can lead to severe complications, particularly in diabetic patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in individuals with type 2 DM, focusing on those with and without periodontitis. Additionally, it sought to correlate these micronutrient levels with various lipid parameters, providing insights into their potential role in the pathophysiology of both conditions.
Zinc and Magnesium Metabolism
An important finding from the study is the alteration in zinc and magnesium metabolism observed in patients with type 2 DM accompanied by periodontitis. The results highlighted significantly lower serum levels of Zn and Mg in diabetic patients with periodontitis compared to control and non-diabetic subjects. A notable reduction in the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) alongside elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was also reported among individuals with type 2 DM and periodontitis. These metabolic changes suggest that deficiencies in Zn and Mg may contribute to the worsening of glycemic control, inflammation, and the progression of periodontal disease, indicating a complex interplay between nutrient deficiencies and diabetes-related complications.
Conclusion
The findings of this study emphasize the critical role that trace elements such as zinc and magnesium play in the health of patients with type 2 DM and periodontitis. Given their association with altered lipid profiles and glycemic control, Zn and Mg may serve as important biomarkers for assessing the risk of complications in diabetic patients. Supplementation of these minerals could potentially aid in managing blood glucose and lipid levels, underlining the need for early recognition and treatment of periodontal disease to mitigate serious health outcomes for individuals with diabetes. Enhancing nutritional status could be a viable therapeutic strategy in improving overall health outcomes for these patients.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study on diabetes and periodontitis?
The study aimed to evaluate serum zinc and magnesium levels in type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis and correlate these levels with cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides.
How many subjects were included in the study?
The study included 600 subjects divided into four groups based on their health status: healthy individuals, type 2 diabetes without periodontitis, type 2 diabetes with periodontitis, and periodontitis without diabetes.
What significant findings were observed regarding zinc levels?
Zinc levels were significantly increased in diabetes patients without periodontitis and decreased in patients with periodontitis. This indicates a potential link between zinc metabolism and the progression of diabetes with periodontitis.
What relationship was noted between magnesium levels and health conditions?
Magnesium levels were significantly lower in type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis, suggesting that magnesium deficiency may contribute to complications associated with diabetes and periodontal disease.
What is the clinical implication of the study's findings?
The findings suggest that supplementation of zinc and magnesium might help control blood glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, potentially preventing severe complications.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Zinc and magnesium levels in type 2 diabetes with periodontitis”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
Table refers to a systematic arrangement of data organized in rows and columns, commonly used in scientific literature to present research findings clearly. In the context of the study, tables elucidate demographic data, clinical characteristics, and statistical correlations between various parameters in diabetic patients, aiding in data interpretation and understanding.
2) Study (Studying):
Study signifies a detailed examination or analysis of a particular subject. In this text, it represents the exploration of the relationship between zinc, magnesium, lipid profiles, and periodontal health in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The study aims to identify correlations that could lead to better understanding and management of these conditions.
3) Blood:
Blood is the bodily fluid that delivers essential nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes waste products. In the discussed research, blood samples are instrumental in measuring serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and minerals like zinc and magnesium, which are vital for interpreting the health status of diabetic patients.
4) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or infection, often involving redness, heat, swelling, and pain. In the context of diabetes and periodontal disease, chronic inflammation plays a significant role in deteriorating patient health, contributing to complications and furthering the progression of systemic diseases such as diabetes.
5) India:
India, as the geographical context of the study, represents a diverse population that faces significant health challenges, including diabetes and periodontal disease. The study conducted in Indian hospitals emphasizes the importance of region-specific research in understanding the nuances of health conditions prevalent in different cultural and socio-economic backdrops.
6) Activity:
Activity refers to the execution of specific actions or functions. In this research, it is used in the context of metabolic activity, specifically the role of enzymes influenced by minerals like zinc and magnesium. Such activities are crucial for maintaining cellular functions, impacting overall health and the pathophysiology of diabetes.
7) Disease:
Disease indicates a pathological condition affecting normal bodily functions. The research pertains to type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease, exploring their interrelation. These diseases reflect significant public health issues that require comprehensive approaches for prevention, management, and understanding of associated metabolic and systemic complications.
8) Relative:
Relative denotes a comparison between two or more conditions or measures. In this study, the term is often employed when discussing the relationship between serum levels of minerals and various health markers. Understanding these relationships can provide insights into how these factors might influence the management of diseases such as diabetes.
9) Chennai:
Chennai is a major city in India where part of the research was conducted. The city's diverse population contributes to the study's findings, as it represents a specific demographic context. Research carried out in Chennai underscores the need for localized studies to assess health issues prevalent in specific populations.
10) Drug:
A drug is any chemical substance that produces a physiological effect on the body. In the context of this research, various medications may be considered, particularly regarding their influence on diabetes management or periodontal treatment. Understanding drug interactions and effects is essential in managing complex health conditions like diabetes.
11) Pur:
Poor generally describes inadequate or substandard conditions. Here, it relates to health outcomes such as poor glycemic control or low serum levels of essential minerals. Addressing poor health metrics is crucial for effective disease management, particularly for conditions exacerbated by nutritional deficiencies, like diabetes and periodontitis.
12) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of something as measured against other things. In healthcare, quality can refer to the efficacy of treatments or health outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of achieving good health quality among individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, impacting their overall well-being.
13) Species:
Species refers to a group of living organisms with common characteristics that distinguish them from others. Although not directly central to the main study's focus, species can relate to the microbiome's impact on periodontal disease, affecting how infections develop and how they are treated in patients with diabetes.
14) Rich (Rch):
Rich typically denotes abundance, often in terms of nutrients or resources. In this study's context, it can relate to a rich source of essential minerals that support metabolic processes. Understanding the role of micronutrients such as magnesium and zinc is crucial in developing effective nutritional interventions for diabetes management.
15) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to a class of drugs that combat bacterial infections. While not the primary focus of this study, antibiotics may play a role in managing periodontal disease. The implications of their use, in conjunction with diabetes management therapies, can influence treatment outcomes for affected patients.
16) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the examination or analysis of findings and their implications. In scientific writing, it serves to interpret results, relate them to existing literature, and suggest applications or future research directions. This part of the study connects the findings on zinc and magnesium to broader health implications.
17) Developing:
Developing indicates a process of growth or evolution. In this study, it may refer to patients developing complications due to deficient levels of essential minerals like zinc and magnesium. Such insights are vital for constructing preventive strategies for diabetic patients as they progress through their disease trajectories.
18) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulate means to gather or collect over time. In disease contexts, it may refer to the accumulation of harmful substances or deficiencies that exacerbate health problems. The study might explore how the accumulation of metabolic risks related to diabetes could further complicate periodontal health in patients.
19) Attending:
Attending typically means being present at a place, particularly at medical facilities. In this context, it relates to patients attending hospitals for treatment of conditions like diabetes and periodontal diseases. Their attendance is crucial for monitoring progress, receiving treatment, and reinforcing the importance of regular medical check-ups.
20) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to the condition of carrying a developing fetus. This term is relevant in medical research as pregnant individuals may experience different physiological and metabolic changes, impacting conditions like diabetes and periodontal disease. Proper management during pregnancy is essential to protect both maternal and fetal health.
21) Channel:
Channel can refer to a pathway or method. In a biological context, it often relates to cellular channels responsible for transport of substances. This research might discuss how zinc and magnesium influence various cellular channels impacting glucose metabolism or other physiological processes crucial for diabetic patients.
22) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. In this text, it underscores the importance of employing scientific methods to investigate interconnections between diabetes, periodontal health, and mineral status, aiming for evidence-based health advancements.
23) Kerala:
Kerala is a southern state in India known for its health indices and diverse population. Inclusion of varying regional contexts like Kerala in research highlights the need to understand geographic and cultural factors influencing health conditions, such as diabetes and periodontal disease, thus enriching public health knowledge.
24) Baroda:
Baroda, another city in India, may indicate another research site involved in the study. Including diverse locations like Baroda emphasizes the importance of regional health studies and helps create a holistic understanding of the prevalence and interaction of diseases across different socio-cultural and economic settings.
25) Animal:
Animal refers to a living organism that is not a human. In scientific research, animal studies can provide insights into disease mechanisms, potential treatments, and metabolic processes. Although primarily human-focused, this research may reference animal studies to support or clarify findings related to diabetes and mineral metabolism.
26) Death:
Death signifies the end of life and can denote the ultimate outcome of chronic diseases. In the context of this research, understanding the risk factors associated with diabetes and periodontal disease, including how they can lead to severe complications, emphasizes the importance of preventive measures and effective management strategies.
27) Surata (Surat, Su-rata, Shurata):
Surat is a city in India known for its healthcare facilities and diverse population. Mention of Surat as a location suggests regional participation in the research study, indicating that findings may reflect local health conditions, behaviors, and the prevalence of diabetes, enriching the overall findings of the research.
28) Ravi (Ravin):
Ravi is a common name in India and may refer to a key individual, likely involved in the management or provision of research facilities. Noting personal contributions highlights the collaborative nature of scientific research and recognizes the efforts of personnel that enable the study's execution and success.
29) Chod (Chöd, gcod):
Chod might be a misspelling or an abbreviation. In the absence of context, it is difficult to define its relevance. If it refers to a specific term related to medical practice, understanding its application within the study could provide insights into methodological implications or treatments explored in the research.
30) Male:
Male refers to the male gender, and in medical studies, it is vital when discussing population demographics and health outcomes. The inclusion and analysis of male participants in this study on diabetes and periodontal disease allows for a comprehensive understanding of how gender potentially influences health metrics.
31) Life:
Life denotes existence and is fundamental to the focus of healthcare research. The aim of studies like this one is to enhance the quality of life for individuals suffering from chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, through improved management strategies and interventions based on comprehensive evidence.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Zinc and magnesium levels in type 2 diabetes with periodontitis’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
High blood pressure, Insulin resistance, Oxidative stress, Serum cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic control, Probing depth, Triglyceride, Trace element, Micronutrient, Clinical attachment loss, Serum Magnesium, Arteriosclerosis, Vascular inflammation, Periodontitis patients, Serum zinc.