Anemia of chronic disease: comparison in healthy vs. periodontitis patients.

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Assessment and comparison of anemia of chronic disease in healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical and hematological study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Rajashri A. Kolte, Abhay P. Kolte, Neha M. Deshpande


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Assessment and comparison of anemia of chronic disease in healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical and hematological study

Year: 2014 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.131321

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

This study investigates the blood parameters in patients with severe chronic periodontitis compared to healthy individuals. The association between bacteremia and periodontal diseases highlights the impact of periodontal inflammation on systemic health. Previously, chronic inflammatory conditions like periodontitis have been linked to anemia of chronic disease (ACD), prompting this study to assess various hematological parameters such as erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and white blood cell counts to better understand the correlation between periodontal diseases and systemic effects.

Systemic Effects of Periodontitis on Blood Parameters

The results shown in the study indicate that patients with chronic periodontitis possess lower erythrocyte counts and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) while exhibiting significantly higher total leukocyte counts (TLC) as well as increased neutrophils and lymphocytes. Notably, the decrease in erythrocytes and MCHC was not attributed to deficiencies in iron or vitamins, as the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) remained stable. These findings suggest that the chronic inflammatory state associated with periodontitis may lead to anemia, primarily via the action of proinflammatory cytokines that downregulate erythropoiesis. Such hematological shifts not only emphasize the systemic repercussions of periodontitis but also reveal a potential pathway connecting oral health to broader health implications.

Conclusion

In conclusion, chronic periodontitis may induce a state of anemia, characterized by reduced erythrocyte counts and increased leukocytosis, alongside heightened neutrophil and lymphocyte levels. The findings urge the need for longitudinal studies to explore the hematological changes pre- and post-therapeutic interventions for chronic periodontitis. Understanding the correlation between periodontal health and systemic diseases can serve as a crucial early intervention strategy in managing potentially life-threatening conditions. The research underscores the relevance of monitoring hematological parameters as potential indicators of systemic health in individuals with periodontal disease.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the purpose of the study on periodontitis patients?

The study aimed to assess and compare various blood parameters in healthy individuals and those suffering from severe chronic periodontitis, to explore the relation between periodontal disease and systemic inflammation.

How many participants were involved in the study?

The study included a total of 200 participants, with 100 suffering from severe chronic periodontitis and 100 healthy controls, all aged between 35 and 60 years.

What significant changes in blood parameters were found in periodontitis patients?

Periodontitis patients exhibited lower erythrocyte counts and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, alongside an increased total leukocyte count, indicating a state of anemia and heightened systemic inflammation.

What conclusions were drawn about periodontitis and anemia?

The study concluded that periodontitis may contribute to anemia due to chronic inflammation, along with significant leukocytosis, highlighting the potential systemic effects of periodontal disease.

What future research is suggested based on this study's findings?

Future research should involve longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and should evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment on blood parameters to clarify their relationship further.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anemia of chronic disease: comparison in healthy vs. periodontitis patients.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
Table refers to the organized arrangement of data, typically in rows and columns, used in research to present findings in a clear manner. In the context of this study, tables summarize blood parameters, demographic data, and statistical analyses, aiding in the visual understanding of the results relating to periodontitis and systemic effects.

2) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid that circulates in the bodies of vertebrates, carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products. In this study, blood samples were analyzed to evaluate various parameters that reflect the impact of chronic periodontitis on systemic health, highlighting associations with anemia and inflammation.

3) Study (Studying):
A study is a structured investigation designed to assess variables, gather data, and draw conclusions about a specific topic. This particular study investigates the hematological differences between patients with severe chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals, contributing to the understanding of potential systemic implications of periodontal diseases.

4) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition of a bodily part or system resulting from various causes, which leads to a dysfunction. In this study, chronic periodontitis is explored as a disease linked to systemic issues, including anemia and changes in blood parameters, emphasizing the need for holistic healthcare perspectives.

5) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. This study highlights the role of inflammation associated with periodontal disease, showing how pro-inflammatory cytokines may influence blood cell counts and contribute to conditions such as anemia of chronic disease.

6) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood from the circulatory system due to injury or various medical conditions. In the study context, understanding bleeding time and its relation to periodontal health is crucial, as periodontal disease can lead to increased bleeding during clinical evaluations and affect patient management.

7) Measurement:
Measurement involves obtaining quantitative data to assess specific attributes. In this study, blood parameters like erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, and hemoglobin levels were measured to derive insights about the impact of chronic periodontitis on systemic health, correlating clinical signs with laboratory findings to enhance understanding.

8) Wall:
Wall refers to the boundaries of a structure. In a medical context, it often refers to blood vessel walls, which play a role in regulating blood flow and response to inflammation. In this study, the condition of blood vessels in relation to periodontal disease points to systemic circulatory effects.

9) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition causing chronic inflammation of the joints. Its mention in this study context serves to highlight underlying mechanisms shared with periodontal disease, such as systemic inflammation and cytokine release, suggesting potential parallels in their effects on erythropoiesis and blood parameters.

10) Redistribution:
Redistribution refers to the process where cells or components are shifted or reorganized. In this context, it describes how blood cells, particularly leukocytes and neutrophils, may redistribute in response to inflammation caused by periodontal disease, affecting blood parameters and the body's overall inflammatory state.

11) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of a scholarly article where results are interpreted and contextualized within the broader field. In this study, the discussion elaborates on the significance of the findings regarding blood parameters, articulating the implications for systemic health and suggesting avenues for future research.

12) Suffering:
Suffering refers to the experience of pain or distress. In this study, it emphasizes the impact of chronic periodontitis on patients' health, not just locally but systemically, indicating that such health conditions can lead to greater overall suffering due to associated complications like anemia.

13) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to the physiological state when a female carries a developing fetus. In this study, pregnant women were excluded from the sample population, ensuring that results specifically relate to non-pregnant subjects with chronic periodontitis, as pregnancy can influence blood parameters and complicate interpretations.

14) Thomas:
Thomas likely refers to a researcher or scholar whose work has contributed to the understanding of the relationship between periodontal disease and blood parameters. This study refers to various academic contributions in the discussion of findings, reinforcing the credibility of insights drawn from the research literature.

15) Birth:
Birth pertains to the process of delivering a baby. In medical discussions, birthweight may be associated with maternal health, including oral health statuses like periodontal disease, suggesting that systemic effects from such diseases may influence fetal development and outcomes related to pregnancy.

16) Post:
Post refers to a period following a certain event. In this study context, it potentially indicates the timeframe used for evaluating changes in patients after therapeutic interventions. Understanding post-treatment parameters can illuminate the effectiveness of periodontal therapy on overall health, including blood changes.

17) Male:
Male denotes one of the two primary sexes in biological terms. In this study, the population under investigation includes both males and females, reflecting the need to evaluate hematological parameters across gender to ensure comprehensive understanding and applicability of findings related to periodontal disease and systemic health.

18) Life:
Life refers to the biological condition of living organisms. In the context of this study, it underscores that health impacts, such as those from periodontal disease, can affect a person's quality of life. Recognizing cardiovascular and systemic health implications emphasizes the importance of periodontal care in maintaining overall well-being.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Anemia of chronic disease: comparison in healthy vs. periodontitis patients.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Longitudinal studies, Statistical analysis, Healthy subjects, Systemic disease, Cross-sectional study, Gingival index, Institutional ethics committee, Blood parameters, Hemoglobin level, Total leukocyte count, Chronic periodontitis, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, Anemia of chronic disease, Erythrocyte count, Bleeding time, Neutrophil count, Clinical pathway.

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