mRNA of pattern recognition receptors in healthy vs. diseased gums
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors and their signaling mediators in healthy and diseased gingival tissues
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Hamid Ghaderi, Farin Kiany, Mahboobeh Razmkhah, Somayeh Dadras, Noushafarin Chenari, Ahmad Hosseini, Vahid Younesi, Abbas Ghaderi
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors and their signaling mediators in healthy and diseased gingival tissues
Year: 2014 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.131309
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Gingivitis and periodontitis are common periodontal diseases that affect a significant portion of the adult population globally, with an estimated prevalence of 80%. These conditions are primarily driven by the body’s inflammatory response to microorganisms present in the subgingival biofilm. The innate immune system recognizes these microbes through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), specifically toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). This study aims to examine the expression levels of specific TLRs, NLRs, and their associated signaling mediators in gingival tissues from patients with periodontal diseases, providing deeper insight into the mechanisms behind these conditions.
Elevated Expression of MYD88 in Periodontitis
One of the significant findings of this study is the notably higher expression of the MYD88 gene in individuals with periodontitis compared to healthy controls. MYD88 is a crucial adaptor molecule in the TLR signaling pathway that mediates the inflammatory response, suggesting its potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The results indicated that not only was MYD88 significantly elevated in patients with severe periodontitis, but it also exhibited a positive correlation with other gene expressions in the evaluated tissues. This finding highlights the importance of MYD88 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment and management of periodontal diseases.
Conclusion
The study underscores the critical role of MYD88 in the development of periodontitis, suggesting that further investigation into its expression and function could lead to more effective treatment strategies. While several other genes exhibited altered expression levels during the disease states compared to healthy tissues, MYD88's significant findings warrant deeper exploration. Understanding the interplay between PRRs and their signal mediators can contribute to establishing preventative measures and therapeutic approaches for periodontal diseases, which have implications for overall systemic health.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of this study on gingivitis and periodontitis?
The study aims to investigate the mRNA expression levels of specific toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) involved in the inflammatory process of gingivitis and periodontitis compared to healthy gingival tissues.
Which genes showed significant expression differences in periodontitis patients?
The mRNA expression of MYD88 was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls, particularly in those with severe periodontitis, suggesting its potential role in the disease.
How were the gingival tissue samples for the study collected?
Gingival tissue samples were collected during periodontal flap surgery from patients diagnosed with gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as from healthy individuals undergoing unrelated surgeries.
What methods were used to analyze gene expression in this research?
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the mRNA expression of the studied genes, comparing levels between healthy and diseased gingival tissues.
What implications does the study have for periodontal disease treatment?
Understanding the elevated expression of MYD88 in periodontitis could provide valuable insights for developing targeted therapies, improving prevention and treatment strategies for periodontal diseases.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “mRNA of pattern recognition receptors in healthy vs. diseased gums”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
In scientific literature, a 'Table' presents organized data succinctly for comparison and analysis. It allows researchers to visualize results or summarize findings efficiently. Tables in studies about periodontal disease may display gene expression levels, comparisons between patient groups, or statistical analyses, facilitating easier interpretation of significant patterns and correlations.
2) Disease:
A 'Disease' refers to a pathological condition affecting an organism that disrupts normal bodily functions. In the context of the provided study, diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions triggered by microbial activity, demanding understanding of their underlying mechanisms for better prevention and treatment strategies within oral health.
3) Study (Studying):
A 'Study' in scientific research refers to a systematic investigation undertaken to establish facts, principles, or generalizable knowledge. The mentioned study focusing on periodontal diseases aims to analyze the expression of Toll-like receptors and related inflammatory mediators, contributing insights that enhance medical interventions and patient outcomes in dental health.
4) Relative:
The term 'Relative' often pertains to measuring or comparing one thing in relation to another. In the context of gene expression, 'relative' quantifies how the expression levels of specific genes change in various conditions (disease vs. healthy), allowing for understanding of significance regarding their roles in periodontal pathology.
5) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a biological response to harmful stimuli, which can include pathogens, irritants, or damaged cells. In this study, inflammation is central, as gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases initiated by microbial infection. Understanding the inflammatory processes is essential for developing targeted therapies for such conditions.
6) Cancer:
'Cancer' refers to a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. While this study primarily addresses periodontal disease, understanding the inflammatory responses and immune mechanisms studied could be relevant in broader contexts, including research on how periodontal disease might correlate with systemic effects, including cancer risks and inflammatory connections.
7) Discussion:
'Discussion' is a critical component of scientific papers where researchers interpret findings, contextualize results within existing literature, and propose implications. In this study, the discussion elucidates the significance of their findings on gene expressions of TLRs and NLRs, exploring connections to existing knowledge about periodontal disease mechanisms and therapies.
8) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Antibiotic' refers to a type of medication used to inhibit bacterial growth. This topic is relevant when considering the treatment of periodontal diseases, as bacteria play a significant role in their pathogenesis. Understanding mRNA expression can influence future antibiotic use and protocols in managing infections linked to periodontal conditions.
9) Activity:
'Activity' can refer to the behavior or action of biological entities, such as immune cell responses or gene functions. The study measures the activity of specific genes related to inflammation and immune response. This mechanistic understanding is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies against periodontal diseases, highlighting the relationship between gene activity and inflammation.
10) Pregnant:
'Pregnant' describes a physiological condition marked by the presence of a developing embryo or fetus. In research on periodontal disease, pregnancy may be a significant factor, as hormonal changes could influence immune responses and inflammation, impacting the health of both the mother and the developing child, making it an essential consideration in studies.
11) Species:
'Species' defines a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. In the context of this study, different bacterial species involved in dental biofilm contribute to periodontal disease. Identifying specific species is essential for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and developing targeted treatments that could manage or prevent inflammatory periodontal conditions effectively.
12) Family:
'Family' in a biological taxonomy refers to a higher order grouping of related organisms. Within immunology, the terms 'TLR family' or 'NLR family' categorize groups of receptors that play critical roles in immune response. Understanding these families aids in identifying pathways involved in inflammatory responses in diseases such as periodontitis.
13) Reason:
'Reason' refers to a cause or explanation for an action or condition. In scientific discourse, articulating the reason behind specific findings, such as elevated MYD88 levels in periodontitis, helps elucidate underlying mechanisms. This understanding is vital for developing focused treatment approaches and predicting the progression of diseases like periodontitis.
14) Kappa:
'Kappa' primarily relates to kappa light chains in immunoglobulins or to kappa statistics used in research for gauging agreement between observers or methods. In the study of inflammatory responses, kappa may assist in statistical analyses that validate findings about gene expression correlations, critical for substantiating conclusions about periodontal disease mechanisms.
15) Sign:
'Sign' often indicates an observable marker or indicator of a condition. In the context of this study, a significant increase in MYD88 expression might be interpreted as a sign of advanced periodontal disease, denoting the presence of a correlated inflammatory response that researchers can monitor for diagnosis or treatment efficacy.
16) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
'Burn' generally denotes damage caused by heat or chemicals, but may also refer to 'burnout' in an immunological context signifying overactivity of the immune response. In periodontal studies, if inflammation is excessive, it may lead to tissue destruction akin to 'burnout' in immune responses, necessitating investigation into therapeutic interventions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘mRNA of pattern recognition receptors in healthy vs. diseased gums’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Periodontal disease, Chronic periodontitis, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, MRNA expression, Inflammatory response, Gingivitis and periodontitis, Expression level, Correlation analysis, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, Pro-inflammatory cytokine, Signal transduction, Healthy control subjects, Toll-like receptor, Disease state, Bacterial clearance, Gingival tissue sample.