Mathematical analysis of furcation angle in extracted mandibular molars
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Mathematical analysis of furcation angle in extracted mandibular molars
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Johnson R. James, K. V. Arun, Avaneendra Talwar, T. S. S. Kumar
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Mathematical analysis of furcation angle in extracted mandibular molars
Year: 2013 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.107477
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Multi-rooted teeth, such as mandibular first and second molars, often present a poorer prognosis in periodontal disease due to factors like furcation involvement. The anatomy of these furcations, especially the furcation angle (FA) formed by the divergent roots, significantly influences both home care maintenance and professional treatment accessibility. Despite the importance of FA in periodontal health, extensive anatomical studies have been limited. This study aimed to mathematically evaluate the FA in extracted mandibular molars, using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology to achieve precise three-dimensional measurements.
Prevalence of Furcation Angles
The study categorized the furcation angles into three distinct groups based on their prevalence, which were collectively analyzed from 53 first molars and 55 second molars. The findings demonstrated that first molars predominantly exhibited a greater prevalence of group II FA (45.5%) as compared to group III FA (29.5%) and group I FA (25%). Conversely, second molars were more likely to fall into group III FA (84.1%), indicating a notable difference in anatomical configuration between the two molar types. The measurement of FA at the buccal and lingual furcation sites also revealed differences, with group III FA being particularly prevalent in second molars, emphasizing the anatomical diversity and the challenge presented in furcation management.
Conclusion
In summary, the study outlined the importance of accurately measuring the furcation angle in mandibular molars, as it plays a critical role in periodontal therapy and long-term tooth prognosis. The methodology employed provided clear insights into the anatomical variations that influence treatment approaches. The findings underscore that a one-size-fits-all classification for furcation involvement could be insufficient due to significant inter- and intra-root variations, necessitating a tailored approach to periodontal interventions. Understanding these complexities will enhance diagnostic capabilities and improve therapeutic outcomes in clinical practice.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What factors influence the prognosis of multi-rooted teeth?
Multi-rooted teeth with furcation involvement generally have a poorer prognosis than single-rooted teeth. Factors such as the furcation angle, which affects accessibility for maintenance and instrumentation during therapy, play a critical role in this prognosis.
How was the furcation angle measured in the study?
The study used Computer-aided design - computer-aided manufacturing technology to mathematically evaluate the furcation angle in extracted mandibular first and second molars by obtaining 3D coordinates and employing polynomial differentiation.
What were the main findings regarding the prevalence of furcation angles?
The study found that the first molars predominantly exhibited group II furcation angles, while second molars showed a higher prevalence of group III furcation angles, indicating significant anatomical variation between these teeth.
What challenges are associated with furcation areas in periodontal therapy?
Furcation areas pose challenges for periodontal therapy due to their complex topography, which makes access for both diagnostic and therapeutic instrumentation difficult, often leading to plaque retention and complications in management.
What statistical methods were used to analyze the study results?
The study employed the Chi-square test to analyze the prevalence of furcation angles in mandibular molars and assessed reproducibility through inter-measurement differences using a χ2 homogeneity test, ensuring statistical validity.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Mathematical analysis of furcation angle in extracted mandibular molars”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Surface:
In this context, 'surface' refers to the outermost layer of the teeth, specifically the root surfaces of the mandibular molars being studied. Understanding the surface characteristics is crucial for accurately assessing periodontal health, as plaque retention and access for treatment are heavily influenced by the tooth surface’s anatomy and topography.
2) Measurement:
'Measurement' pertains to the quantified assessment of the furcation angle (FA) in extracted mandibular molars. Accurate measurement is essential for evaluating the complexity of furcation areas, as it impacts both treatment planning and outcomes in periodontal therapy. Variations in measurement techniques can affect treatment effectiveness and prognostic predictions.
3) Study (Studying):
'Studying' involves the detailed examination and analysis conducted on the furcation angle of mandibular molars in this research. This aspect is crucial as it provides insights into how anatomical variations influence periodontal therapy and helps develop more effective strategies for managing furcation involvement in dental practice.
4) Disease:
'Disease' in this context refers specifically to periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth. Understanding how anatomical features like furcation angles contribute to disease progression is vital for tailoring treatment strategies and managing the overall periodontal health of patients more effectively.
5) Account:
'Account' refers to the consideration of various anatomical features and their effects on periodontal disease management. In this study, it emphasizes the need for a comprehensive assessment beyond traditional metrics, ensuring that both root divergence and furcation angles are factored into treatment planning for optimal patient outcomes.
6) Hygiene (Hygienic):
'Hygiene' relates specifically to oral hygiene practices aimed at preventing periodontal disease. The study highlights the challenge of maintaining hygiene in furcation areas, where plaque accumulation can occur more easily due to limited accessibility, thereby affecting the overall health and treatment success of multi-rooted teeth.
7) Table:
'Table' in this context refers to a structured representation of data, specifically showing the prevalence of different furcation angles in the extracted mandibular molars. It serves as a crucial tool for summarizing findings and visually comparing groups, thereby facilitating an easier understanding of the study’s results.
8) Line:
'Line' denotes the theoretical and physical paths associated with the curves measured on the roots of the teeth. In the study, the line serves as a reference point for mathematical calculations to derive the furcation angle, contributing to the detailed geometric analysis essential for understanding root morphology.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Mathematical analysis of furcation angle in extracted mandibular molars’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Statistical analysis, Periodontal disease, Soft and hard tissue, Regenerative therapy.