Correlation of mast cells in periodontal diseases
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Correlation of mast cells in periodontal diseases
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Sushma S. Lagdive, Sanjay B. Lagdive, Ameet Mani, Raju Anarthe, Gowri Pendyala, Babita Pawar, Pramod P. Marawar
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Correlation of mast cells in periodontal diseases
Year: 2013 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.107500
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Periodontal disease is primarily influenced by bacterial plaque, but recent research highlights the significant role of the immune system in its progression. Among the immune cells that participate in the inflammatory response to periodontal disease, mast cells have garnered attention due to their ability to release a diverse array of biologically active substances. These granule-containing immune cells, derived from the bone marrow, are found in various tissues and can phagocytose, process, and present antigens similar to macrophages. This study aims to investigate the quantity of mast cells in periodontal health and disease and explore their correlation with inflammation severity and clinical features of the periodontium.
Role of Mast Cells in Periodontal Disease
Mast cells are involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including vasculature control, tissue repair, allergic reactions, and host defense mechanisms. This study analyzed ten cases each of localized chronic periodontitis, dental plaque-induced gingivitis, and clinically healthy gingival tissues. Tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgeries and stained with Toluidine blue to visualize mast cells under a microscope. The findings revealed an increase in the number of mast cells in inflamed tissues compared to healthy tissues, suggesting that mast cells might play a dual role in periodontal disease—either contributing to tissue destruction or aiding in the defense against the disease through cytokine secretion.
Conclusion
The study concludes that there is a significant increase in mast cell numbers in periodontal disease, indicating their potential involvement in both the inflammatory response and tissue damage associated with these conditions. Understanding the role of mast cells could be crucial for developing strategies to manage periodontal diseases by targeting their activity. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which mast cells influence periodontal health and their potential as therapeutic targets in periodontal disease management.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the role of mast cells in periodontal disease?
Mast cells generate biologically active substances, influencing immune and inflammatory responses. They may contribute to tissue damage or defense mechanisms in periodontal disease through cytokine secretion.
How were the mast cells quantified in the study?
Mast cells were quantified by staining tissue samples with Toludine blue and counting stained cells in 25 high-power microscopic fields, comparing healthy and diseased gingival tissues.
What were the groups compared in the study?
The study compared ten cases each of chronic periodontitis, dental plaque-induced gingivitis, and clinically healthy gingival tissues for mast cell quantification and analysis.
What histological methods were used to examine mast cells?
Tissue sections were stained with Toludine blue, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. Microscopic examination was performed to identify and quantify mast cells.
What were the findings regarding mast cell counts?
Mast cell counts significantly increased in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis compared to healthy tissue, indicating a correlation with inflammation severity.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Correlation of mast cells in periodontal diseases”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Mast:
Mast cells are crucial immune cells that play a significant role in inflammatory responses, particularly in periodontal disease. Their ability to release a variety of biologically active substances enables them to contribute to both defense mechanisms and tissue damage during diseases like chronic periodontitis and gingivitis.
2) Disease:
In the context of this study, disease refers specifically to periodontal disease, which encompasses conditions like chronic periodontitis and dental plaque-induced gingivitis. The study explores the immunological aspects of these diseases, particularly how immune cells such as mast cells behave and contribute to tissue deterioration.
3) Study (Studying):
The study provides valuable insights into the role of mast cells in periodontal health and disease. By quantifying these cells in different clinical conditions, the research aims to elucidate the correlation between mast cell presence and inflammation severity, contributing to better understanding and management of periodontal diseases.
4) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a key response in periodontal disease triggered by bacterial plaque. Mast cells release mediators that exacerbate this response, which can result in tissue damage. Understanding the extent and nature of inflammation in periodontal tissues helps in assessing disease severity and guiding therapeutic interventions.
5) Field:
In this research, a 'field' refers to the microscopic area observed during quantitative analysis of mast cells in tissue samples. Assessing mast cell density in specific fields helps in statistically validating findings. High-magnification microscopy allows precise quantification necessary for understanding mast cell involvement in periodontal health.
6) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where the research was conducted, specifically at the Rural Dental College in Loni. The regional demographic may impact the prevalence and presentation of periodontal diseases, and conducting the study in this locality provides insights into the local population's oral health challenges.
7) Observation:
Observation in this context pertains to the quantification of mast cells in gingival tissues through histological examination. Systematic observation under a microscope is critical for accurately counting mast cells, which provides evidence to support the research hypothesis about their role in periodontal disease.
8) Substance:
In relation to mast cells, 'substance' refers to the biologically active mediators released during degranulation. These substances, including histamines and cytokines, play roles in both promoting inflammation and mediating immune responses, thereby influencing the progression of periodontal disease.
9) Evolution:
Evolution here relates to the progression of periodontal disease influenced by immune responses to microbial infections. Understanding how mast cells evolve in numbers and activity as periodontal disease progresses aids in determining their role in contributing to either tissue repair or destruction.
10) Activity:
Activity refers to the functional behaviors of mast cells, including their degranulation and mediator release upon activation. This activity is critical in inflammatory and immune responses and helps to determine how mast cells influence the development and severity of periodontal disease.
11) Bleeding:
Bleeding on probing is a clinical indicator of periodontal disease severity and inflammation. It suggests that the integrity of the periodontal tissues is compromised. Assessing bleeding in conjunction with mast cell counts can provide comprehensive insights into the health of periodontal tissues.
12) Pravara:
Pravara, as part of the Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, indicates the institution where the study was ethically approved and conducted. The institution's commitment to ethical research practices ensures that findings will contribute to the credibility of scientific knowledge in periodontal health.
13) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of physical and natural phenomena. In this research, scientific methods are employed to explore the pathological aspects of periodontal disease, specifically through immunological and histological analyses, contributing to the broader field of dental and medical sciences.
14) Repair:
Repair indicates the processes involved in healing and restoring tissue integrity in periodontal disease. Understanding mast cell contributions to tissue repair mechanisms is essential, as these cells can both promote healing and contribute to the pathology of inflammatory conditions affecting the periodontium.
15) Water:
Water is used as a medium in the histological processing and staining of tissue samples. It is essential in the preparation of phosphate buffer solutions for staining, which is critical to visualize and quantify the mast cells in tissue sections accurately.