Enzymatic evaluation of gingival fluid in cleft palate orthodontics
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Enzymatic evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid in cleft palate patients during orthodontic treatment: A clinico-biochemical study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Rithesh Kulal, Biju Thomas, M. S. Ravi, Suchetha Shetty
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Enzymatic evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid in cleft palate patients during orthodontic treatment: A clinico-biochemical study
Year: 2013 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.115651
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Cleft lip and palate (CLAP) are congenital facial malformations that can lead to complex challenges during orthodontic treatment. These conditions often necessitate extensive orthodontic care, as the osseous structures in affected patients may be poorly developed or absent. Monitoring the tissue response during orthodontic therapy is crucial, particularly in patients with cleft palates, due to the risk of damage to these compromised structures. This study aimed to compare the enzymatic activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) between cleft palate patients and non-cleft patients during orthodontic treatment as a measure of tissue response.
Enzymatic Activity as a Biomarker
An important aspect of this study was the analysis of enzyme activity in GCF, focusing on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). ALP is significant in bone metabolism, as it typically indicates osteoblastic activity, and its levels can rise dramatically in conditions involving bone turnover or healing, such as during orthodontic treatment. In contrast, AST is released upon cell death and can serve as a marker for periodontal tissue destruction. The study found increased enzymatic activity at the incisor site compared to the molar site within both groups, suggesting that tooth movement initiated comparable biological responses irrespective of the cleft condition.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicated no significant difference in the tissue response during orthodontic treatment between cleft palate and non-cleft patients, despite varying enzymatic activities at different sites in the mouth. While the enzymatic levels did increase in response to orthodontic forces, the overall tissue response remained consistent between both groups. Hence, monitoring enzyme activity through GCF during orthodontic treatment may serve as a valid approach to evaluate periodontal and bone health, although additional research might be needed to fully understand the implications for cleft palate patients specifically.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study on cleft palate patients?
The study aimed to evaluate tissue response in cleft palate patients during orthodontic treatment by analyzing enzyme activity compared to non-cleft patients.
What are the key enzymes analyzed in this study?
The study analyzed alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels in gingival crevicular fluid to understand metabolic changes during orthodontic treatment.
How many patients participated in the research study?
A total of 20 patients participated, consisting of 10 cleft palate patients and 10 non-cleft patients aged between 15 to 25 years.
What significant findings were observed in enzyme activity during the study?
Both groups exhibited increased enzyme activity at incisor sites compared to molar sites. However, there was no significant difference in tissue response between cleft and non-cleft groups.
Why is monitoring important during orthodontic treatment for cleft palate patients?
Cleft palate patients often have poorly developed osseous structures which may be traumatized during orthodontic therapy, necessitating constant monitoring to assess any negative impacts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Enzymatic evaluation of gingival fluid in cleft palate orthodontics”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' refers to the biochemical processes and reactions occurring during orthodontic treatment, particularly in the context of enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid. Understanding these activities helps assess tissue response and metabolic changes due to mechanical stress applied during tooth movement, crucial for effective patient treatment.
2) Study (Studying):
The 'Study' signifies a structured investigation aimed at evaluating the orthodontic treatment effects on cleft palate patients compared to non-cleft patients. It encompasses patient selection, data collection, and analysis to draw relevant conclusions on tissue responses—key for enhancing orthodontic practices and understanding specific patient needs.
3) Male:
The word 'Male' is significant as it denotes the gender distribution in the patient sample of the study, where both cleft and non-cleft groups include males. This demographic factor can influence the outcomes and efficacy of orthodontic treatment, highlighting the importance of gender considerations in clinical research.
4) Disease:
In this context, 'Disease' underscores the potential periodontal complications associated with cleft lip and palate, such as periodontal disease progression and attachment loss. The study aims to investigate these risks further and emphasizes that understanding the health status of patients is essential for successful orthodontic outcomes.
5) Science (Scientific):
'Science' refers to the systematic study and application of knowledge regarding biological processes, such as enzyme activity and periodontal responses, during orthodontic treatment. This investigation fosters advancements in dental science, enhancing therapeutic techniques, and outcomes for patients with varying conditions, including cleft lip and palate.
6) Animal:
'Animal' relates to prior research involving animal models used to establish foundational knowledge regarding orthodontic forces and their effects on periodontium. Such studies inform clinicians about potential biological responses and outcomes in humans, influencing treatment strategies for orthodontic patients with cleft lip and palate.
7) Death:
'Death' pertains to the cellular context in the study, particularly related to the release of enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) into the gingival crevicular fluid. Elevated AST levels may indicate tissue damage or periodontal destruction; thus, monitoring these levels informs about the vitality and health of periodontal tissues.
8) Birth:
'Birth' is relevant as it signifies the congenital aspect of cleft lip and palate conditions, which arise at birth. Understanding these birth defects is crucial for orthodontic planning and treatment, emphasizing the need for specialized approaches tailored to the unique anatomical challenges presented by such congenital conditions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Enzymatic evaluation of gingival fluid in cleft palate orthodontics’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Study population, Alkaline phosphatase, Clinical attachment level, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Acid phosphatase, Enzyme Activity, Gingival crevicular fluid, Bone metabolism, Stomatognathic system, Tissue response, Cleft lip and palate.