Peripheral odontogenic myxoma of maxillary gingiva: A rare clinical entity
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Peripheral odontogenic myxoma of maxillary gingiva: A rare clinical entity
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Vijay Kumar Jain, Soundarya Narayana Reddy
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Peripheral odontogenic myxoma of maxillary gingiva: A rare clinical entity
Year: 2013 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.119287
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that constitutes 3-6% of all odontogenic tumors, typically found in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaw, predominantly in the mandible. Its incidence in the maxilla is much rarer, and when it does occur in soft tissue, it is referred to as peripheral myxoma. Peripheral myxoma is characterized by slow growth and a lower aggressiveness compared to central myxoma, and it has a low recurrence rate. This report details a unique case of primary peripheral odontogenic myxoma located in the anterior maxillary gingiva of a 41-year-old female patient, contributing to the limited literature on this rare condition.
Histological and Clinical Features of Peripheral Odontogenic Myxoma
Histologically, peripheral odontogenic myxoma exhibits loose myxoid stroma with sparsely arranged spindle- and stellate-shaped fibroblasts, alongside few collagen fibrils and occasional odontogenic epithelium. Clinically, peripheral myxomas manifest as non-tender swellings in the gingiva, often without associated pain or bony changes, making early diagnosis challenging. The present case involved a 6-month history of a slowly enlarging, firm mass in the gingiva, ultimately diagnosed after surgical excision and histological examination. The absence of radiographic changes and local invasiveness of the tumor emphasizes the unique characteristics of peripheral myxomas, distinguishing them from their central counterparts.
Conclusion
The presented case of peripheral odontogenic myxoma in the maxillary anterior region contributes valuable insights into this rare condition, highlighting its distinct clinical presentation and histological features. While peripheral myxomas generally present as slow-growing and localized lesions with a low recurrence rate, their atypical location in the maxilla emphasizes the necessity for awareness among dental and medical professionals. The case reinforces the importance of careful examination and differential diagnosis in patients presenting with gingival swellings and underlines the effectiveness of surgical excision as a treatment modality for such lesions.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is odontogenic myxoma and where is it commonly located?
Odontogenic myxoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor found exclusively in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws, primarily in the mandible. Central lesions are common, but peripheral myxomas occur in the soft tissue of the gingiva.
What are the typical clinical features of peripheral odontogenic myxoma?
Peripheral odontogenic myxoma is a slow-growing, non-tender gingival lesion. Patients often experience no pain or associated trauma, leading to delayed diagnosis until notable swelling occurs, as observed in the reported case.
How is peripheral odontogenic myxoma diagnosed histologically?
Histologically, peripheral odontogenic myxoma shows loose myxoid tissue with spindle and stellate-shaped fibroblasts. It lacks encapsulation and may contain small islands of odontogenic epithelium, resembling the developmental mesenchyme of a tooth.
What is the recommended treatment for peripheral odontogenic myxoma?
Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for peripheral odontogenic myxoma. Given its benign nature and low recurrence rate, conservative treatment is often sufficient, as demonstrated by the lack of recurrence after surgery in the case presented.
What is the recurrence rate of peripheral odontogenic myxoma?
Peripheral odontogenic myxoma generally has a low recurrence rate compared to central myxomas, especially when adequately excised. The case discussed showed no evidence of recurrence after six months post-surgical excision.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Peripheral odontogenic myxoma of maxillary gingiva: A rare clinical entity”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Developing:
The term 'developing' in the context of odontogenic myxoma refers to the tumor's origin from embryonic connective tissue associated with the tooth-forming apparatus. This developmental aspect emphasizes the tumor's relationship to the stages of teeth formation and its occurrence in tooth-bearing areas, highlighting its odontogenic nature.
2) Pain (Paiṇ):
'Pain' is significant in relation to odontogenic myxoma because this tumor is generally asymptomatic, leading to patients often being unaware of its presence until it has grown considerably. In instances where pain does occur, particularly with maxillary lesions, it may indicate invasive growth or associated complications.
3) Swelling:
'Swelling' is a primary clinical manifestation of odontogenic myxoma, typically presenting as a firm, non-tender mass in the gingiva. The size of the swelling can be considerable before the patient seeks treatment, as the tumor is slow-growing and often remains undetected during its early stages.
4) Surface:
'Surface' pertains to the mucosal covering of the tumor. In the case of odontogenic myxoma, the overlying epithelium may appear normal despite underlying pathology. The surface characteristics can influence clinical diagnosis, as changes in surface appearance may indicate underlying growth or inflammation.
5) Surrounding:
The term 'surrounding' is relevant in understanding the tumor's aggressive behavior. Odontogenic myxomas are known for their infiltrative nature, often extending beyond their initial location into adjacent tissues. This can complicate treatment and increase the likelihood of recurrence if not adequately excised.
6) Similarity:
'Similarity' refers to the histological resemblance of odontogenic myxoma to the mesenchymal portions of developing teeth. This similarity supports the tumor's classification as an odontogenic entity and underscores its origin within the dental apparatus, influencing both diagnosis and treatment considerations.
7) Nature:
'Nature' in this context refers to the characteristics of odontogenic myxoma, emphasizing its benign yet locally aggressive behavior. Understanding the nature of the tumor assists clinicians in predicting its growth patterns, potential invasiveness, and the appropriate surgical approach needed for effective management.
8) Spider:
'Spider' describes a visual characteristic sometimes used in radiographic evaluations of myxomas, referring to their potential appearance as
Other Health Sciences Concepts:
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