Cementum thickness in diseased teeth of diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Evaluation of thickness of cementum of periodontally diseased teeth of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients: A scanning electron microscopy study
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Radhika Gupta, Sushama R. Galgali, Radhika M. Bavle, Vidya Chandavarkar
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of thickness of cementum of periodontally diseased teeth of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients: A scanning electron microscopy study
Year: 2013 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.119280
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus has been identified as a significant risk factor for periodontal disease, influencing the structural integrity of periodontal tissues, including cementum. This study aims to evaluate the thickness of cementum in diseased and healthy areas of the roots of teeth affected by chronic periodontitis from both non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. The investigation involved comparing thirty extracted incisors, categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of diabetes, and utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze cementum thickness. The findings contribute to understanding the implications of diabetes on periodontal health, specifically regarding cementum alterations in the context of periodontal disease.
Alterations in Cementum Thickness
The primary finding of this study was the comparison of cementum thickness in diseased versus healthy areas of the root surface, across both study groups. It was revealed that the thickness of cementum was reduced in the diseased areas compared to healthy areas in both non-diabetic (group I) and diabetic (group II) patients. Furthermore, cementum thickness was generally greater in group II (diabetic patients) when compared to group I (non-diabetic patients). However, these differences were not statistically significant. These observations align with previous studies suggesting that pathological changes within the periodontal environment, such as inflammation, may lead to a decrease in collagen deposition and structural changes in cementum, highlighting the biological responsiveness of this tissue to systemic conditions like diabetes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study underscores the impact of diabetes on periodontal health, particularly through the lens of cementum thickness in chronic periodontitis. Both diseased and healthy areas demonstrated variations in cementum thickness, with generally thicker layers in diabetic patients; however, these findings were not statistically significant. This research supports the notion that diabetes may exacerbate periodontal disease by influencing the characteristics of cementum, yet further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms behind these changes and their implications for periodontal treatment and management in diabetic patients.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main aim of the study discussed?
The study aims to evaluate and compare the thickness of cementum in diseased and healthy areas of root teeth affected by chronic periodontitis in both non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients.
How were the tooth samples prepared for examination?
Thirty tooth samples were extracted, sectioned longitudinally, fixed with formaldehyde, and treated for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination to assess cementum thickness.
What were the main findings regarding cementum thickness?
The mean thickness of cementum was found to be higher in healthy areas compared to diseased areas across both groups, although the differences were not statistically significant.
How did diabetes affect cementum thickness in the study?
Type 2 diabetic patients exhibited greater mean cementum thickness than non-diabetic patients in both healthy and diseased areas, yet the differences were not statistically significant.
What factors potentially influence the changes in cementum?
Factors like bacterial action, inflammatory responses, and the presence of collagenases may contribute to changes in cementum thickness observed in diseased areas compared to healthy ones.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Cementum thickness in diseased teeth of diabetic and non-diabetic patients”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer layer of the cementum covering the roots of teeth. This layer is crucial since it interacts with the oral environment, and changes in its structure due to periodontal disease can significantly affect periodontal health and cementum integrity. The study specifically examines the differences in surface thickness between diseased and healthy areas.
2) Study (Studying):
Studying is the process by which the research examines and analyzes the variables related to cementum thickness in different patient groups. This is essential for uncovering patterns and relationships between diabetes, periodontal disease, and corresponding alterations in cementum, ultimately guiding better treatment strategies.
3) Disease:
Disease refers to chronic periodontitis in this context, which is characterized by the inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth, resulting in damage, loss of attachment, and possibly tooth loss. The research focuses on how the presence of diabetes affects the periodontal disease process and associated tissue changes.
4) Measurement:
Measurement involves quantifying the thickness of cementum in both healthy and diseased root areas using various techniques. Accurate measurements are vital for comparing the effects of periodontal disease and diabetes on cementum, providing valuable data that can inform future dental practices and research.
5) Male (Mālē):
Male refers to the gender of participants in the study. Among the thirty individuals examined, a majority were male, which may influence the results considering gender-related differences in periodontal disease prevalence and response to treatment. Understanding demographics helps contextualize findings within broader population health trends.
6) Filling (Filled):
Filling relates to restorative dental materials used to treat caries or defects in teeth. In this study context, any previous fillings in the teeth were an exclusion criterion. This emphasizes the study's focus on natural tissue changes without the confounding effects of prior dental restorations.
7) Surrounding:
Surrounding pertains to the environment around the teeth, such as the periodontal tissues and oral cavity. This environment can significantly impact the health and condition of cementum, with factors like bacteria and inflammation from periodontal disease influencing the structural changes observed in the mineralized tissue.
8) Substance:
Substance generally refers to the materials that make up dental tissues, including cementum. In the study, the emphasis is on understanding how diabetes alters the composition and structural integrity of cementum, thereby affecting its functionality in maintaining tooth stability and health.
9) Repair:
Repair refers to the biological processes involved in healing and regenerating periodontal tissues. The study highlights how diabetes may impair the cementum's ability to repair after damage caused by periodontal disease, affecting overall periodontal health and tooth retention in affected patients.
10) Water:
Water is a crucial component in many biological processes, including the hydration of tissues and the environment in which periodontal bacteria thrive. The study’s methodology includes using water as a coolant during tooth sectioning, emphasizing its importance in ensuring the integrity of the specimens analyzed.
11) Blood:
Blood is significant in this context as it relates to the systemic effects of diabetes on oral health. Elevated glucose levels in blood can influence periodontal health, and understanding these interactions is vital for comprehensively addressing the complications of diabetes in susceptible populations.
12) Hand:
Hand refers to the practical involvement of researchers in performing clinical measurements and evaluations. The precision of hand movements during tooth extraction and tissue handling is essential for ensuring the accuracy of the resulting data and maintaining the integrity of the samples collected.
13) Gold (Golden):
Gold refers to the sputtering process used to prepare tooth specimens for scanning electron microscopy. Coating samples with gold enhances their conductivity, allowing clear visualization and measurement of cementum thickness under microscopy, which is vital for accurately assessing the structural changes due to periodontal disease.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Cementum thickness in diseased teeth of diabetic and non-diabetic patients’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Males and females, Periodontal disease, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Probing depth, Clinical attachment level, Oral pathogens, Type II Diabetic, Systemic condition, Non diabetics, Age of participants.