Pharmaceutical analysis of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells
Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Pharmaceutical characterization and exploration of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Remya Jayakumar, Manoj Kumar Dash, Pankaj Kumar, Shiwakshi Sharma, Saumya Gulati, Akanksha Pandey, Kaushavi Cholke, Zeeshan Fatima, S.K. Trigun, Namrata Joshi
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:
(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)
Full text available for: Pharmaceutical characterization and exploration of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells
Year: 2024 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100823
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
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Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmaceutical analysis of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, leading to the formation of tumors that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. It represents a critical health issue globally, prompting extensive research into treatment options and the role of various substances, including traditional medicines and phytochemicals, in its management.
2) Table:
In scientific literature, a 'table' often summarizes complex data concisely, displaying relationships, comparisons, and results in a structured format. Tables are essential for presenting findings clearly, allowing quick reference within studies on drug efficacy, phytochemicals, and clinical outcomes related to conditions like cancer.
3) Line:
In research, 'line' often references a specific cell line used in experiments, such as the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. These cell lines serve as models for studying cancer biology, drug responses, and treatment mechanisms, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies.
4) Drug:
A 'drug' is a substance used for medical purposes to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. In cancer research, drugs can be synthesized or derived from natural sources and are vital for developing therapies. Research evaluates their efficacy, mechanisms, and side effects to improve patient outcomes.
5) Activity:
Activity in a scientific context generally refers to the biological or pharmacological effects of a substance. In cancer research, it often denotes the capacity of a compound to exhibit anti-cancer properties, such as inhibiting cell growth, inducing apoptosis, or interfering with signaling pathways crucial to cancer progression.
6) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa is a Sanskrit term meaning 'essence' or 'taste' in Ayurveda. In traditional Indian medicine, it refers to formulations containing specific herbs and minerals, such as Arkeshwara Rasa, which are believed to harness therapeutic properties for treating diseases, including cancer.
7) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a diverse group of phytonutrients found in many fruits and vegetables known for their antioxidant properties. In cancer research, flavonoids are investigated for their potential to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, contributing to the development of natural therapeutic agents.
8) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses a field focused on preventing, diagnosing, and treating illnesses and injuries. It includes various practices, including traditional and modern. The integration of herbal and Ayurvedic medicines, like Arkeshwara Rasa, is being studied for their potential roles in cancer therapy and patient care.
9) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation consisting of three fruits: Amalaki, Haritaki, and Bibhitaki. Renowned for its health benefits, it is believed to possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and digestive properties, making it significant in the management of health conditions, including cancer support.
10) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India known for its rich cultural heritage, particularly in Ayurveda and traditional medicine. It serves as a center for research and practice, where ancient methodologies and contemporary science converge, leading to the exploration of herbal formulations and their health claims.
11) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants. They possess various health-promoting properties, including antioxidant and anticancer effects. Research investigates their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential in inhibiting tumor growth and overcoming drug resistance, highlighting their relevance in cancer treatments.
12) Lemon:
Lemon is a citrus fruit rich in vitamin C and bioactive compounds, including flavonoids like hesperidin. In cancer research, lemon extracts and constituents are evaluated for their potential therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant activities and their ability to influence cancer-related pathways and cellular functions.
13) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, also known as Indian gooseberry, is a potent medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It is rich in vitamin C and various phytochemicals, which are studied for their antioxidant properties and potential in cancer therapy, helping to protect against oxidative stress and promote overall health.
14) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India and often associated with scholars and practitioners in traditional medicine. In research articles, authors with this name, like M.K. Sharma, may contribute to studies exploring the efficacy of herbal formulations in treating diseases like cancer, reflecting cultural and scientific intersections.
15) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma refers to a class of Ayurvedic medicines produced by incinerating herbs or minerals, believed to promote healing. It is significant in traditional medicine for delivering therapeutic benefits, including anti-cancer properties when used in formulations to enhance the bioavailability of active compounds.
16) Death:
In the medical context, 'death' denotes the cessation of biological functions that sustain life. Research related to cancer often addresses mechanisms causing cell death, such as apoptosis, which is crucial for developing effective therapies and understanding the challenges posed by cancer cells in promoting their survival.
17) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition affecting normal bodily functions. Research focuses on understanding disease mechanisms, particularly cancer, to develop effective prevention strategies and treatments. The exploration of traditional medicines and natural compounds plays a crucial role in this research.
18) Ratna:
Ratna, meaning 'gem' in Sanskrit, often signifies high value within Ayurvedic texts. In the context of Ayurvedic formulations, it embodies the concept of harnessing potent ingredients that could contribute to health restoration and balance in combating diseases like cancer, highlighting the cultural significance.
19) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting knowledge regarding a particular subject. In the realm of medicine and pharmacology, studies assess the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of various interventions, including herbal remedies and drugs in cancer treatment and management.
20) Plumbago zeylanica:
Plumbago zeylanica, known as Chitraka in Ayurveda, is a herb revered for its medicinal properties. Its roots are studied for various pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer activities, demonstrating its relevance in traditional healing practices and contemporary medicinal research as a therapeutic agent.
21) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm organisms. In medical research, particularly in drug development, assessing toxicity is crucial to ensure safety and efficacy. Studies on herbal formulations, like those from Ayurvedic traditions, evaluate their toxicity profiles to determine therapeutic margins.
22) Medium:
Medium in a scientific context typically refers to the environment or substance in which biological processes take place. In cell culture and pharmacological studies, the medium supports cell growth and proliferation and plays a pivotal role in experimental conditions assessing drug efficacy, including cancer treatments.
23) India:
India has a rich tradition of medicinal practices, including Ayurveda, which employs a wide array of herbs and minerals in treatment protocols. Research emanating from India plays a vital role in studying the therapeutic potentials of traditional remedies, such as Arkeshwara Rasa, against diseases like cancer.
24) Food:
Food refers to substances consumed to provide nutritional support and energy for the body. In the context of medicinal research, certain foods, particularly those rich in phytochemicals, are investigated for their potential health benefits, including cancer-prevention properties, influencing dietary recommendations in health management.
25) Sadananda (Sadanamda, Sada-ananda):
Sadananda is a common name in India, often associated with scholars in Ayurvedic traditions. Authors with this name may contribute research focusing on the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatments, thereby enriching the dialogue on integrating traditional medicine and modern scientific validation for health interventions.
26) Vijnana:
Vijnana refers to 'knowledge' or 'science' in Sanskrit. In the context of Ayurveda and medicine, it symbolizes a profound understanding of health principles, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies, encompassing traditional knowledge that influences modern research and applications.
27) Kajjali:
Kajjali is an Ayurvedic preparation of mercury and sulfur that has therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. Its relevance in cancer research centers on exploring its efficacy in enhancing the bioavailability of active components through advanced formulations, representing the blend of ancient practices with modern science.
28) Taranga (Taramga):
Taranga signifies 'wave' or 'wave-like' patterns often used metaphorically in texts or to describe stages in therapeutic processes. In medical literature, it could symbolize the dynamic nature of health interventions or the variation in response to treatment protocols, especially in cancer therapies.
29) Bhasha (Bhasa, Bhasa°):
Bhasha translates to 'language' in Sanskrit. In Ayurvedic texts, it reflects the profound and nuanced way in which traditional knowledge and practices have been communicated, serving as a bridge between ancient wisdom and contemporary understanding in medicine and pharmacology.
30) Tamra:
Tamra refers to 'copper' in Ayurveda, signifying its importance as a therapeutic metal. In formulations like Tamra bhasma, its uses are studied for potential benefits in treating various ailments, including its role in enhancing drug delivery and therapeutic effects in cancer treatment protocols.
31) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is an honorific title in Sanskrit denoting respect, often found in the names of distinguished individuals in Ayurvedic literature. It represents reverence toward authors and practitioners whose knowledge contributes significantly to traditional medicinal practices and the field of healthcare.
32) Hela (Helá):
Hela refers to a specific human cell line used in cancer research, notably for studying cervical cancer. This model enables scientists to investigate tumor biology, evaluate drug responses, and develop therapeutic strategies, highlighting the importance of cell lines in advancing cancer research.
33) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, known as Haritaki, is a revered herbal remedy in Ayurveda with numerous health benefits. It possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research investigates its potential in cancer treatments, underpinning its traditional use, and exploring its mechanisms in combating various diseases.
34) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi is a common surname in India often associated with scholars and practitioners in the field of traditional medicine. Individuals with this name, such as N. Joshi, contribute to scientific research validating the therapeutic efficacy of Ayurvedic treatments and herbal medicine in modern healthcare.
35) Rules:
Rules refer to established guidelines governing research design, methodology, and ethical considerations in scientific studies. In medicine and pharmacology, adherence to rules ensures the reliability and validity of findings, especially when exploring the effects of traditional medicines and herbal formulations.
36) Mica:
Mica refers to a group of minerals known for their layered structure and ability to reflect and refract light. In the context of medical research, it can metaphorically relate to the layered complexities of drug interactions, including its significance in forms of traditional medicines.
37) Salt (Salty):
Salt is a naturally occurring mineral, essential for various physiological processes in humans. In traditional medicines, salt can be used in the detoxification of minerals and in specific formulations. Its application and role in Ayurveda illustrate the holistic approach toward health and healing.
38) Tamrabhasma (Tamra-bhasma):
Tamra-bhasma refers to the Ayurvedic preparation of incinerated copper, utilized for its medicinal properties. It embodies traditional practices aiming to harness the therapeutic benefits of minerals, particularly in treating various ailments, including those related to cancer, emphasizing the integration of ancient wisdom into health.
39) Kumar:
Kumar is a common name in India, often associated with scholars and researchers. Those named Kumar, like P. Kumar, may contribute to studies exploring aspects of traditional medicine, enhancing the understanding of Ayurvedic practices and their scientific validations in contemporary health contexts.
40) Milk:
Milk is a widely consumed beverage rich in nutrients. In Ayurveda, it is often used in formulations for detoxifying and enhancing the bioavailability of herbal medicines. Its significance in health studies extends to its potential roles in managing diseases, reflecting its nutritional importance.
41) Terminalia bellirica:
Terminalia bellirica, known as Bibhitaki, is a traditional Ayurvedic herb known for its health benefits. It's studied for its potential therapeutic effects, including anti-cancer properties. Its inclusion in formulations emphasizes the relevance of herbal remedies in holistic approaches to health and disease management.
42) Science (Scientific):
Science is the study of the natural world through observation and experimentation, foundational for understanding biological processes, diseases, and treatments. In the context of medicinal research, science validates traditional practices, enabling evidence-based approaches in developing effective therapies for health issues like cancer.
43) Animal:
Animal studies in drug research provide crucial insights into the safety and efficacy of treatments before clinical trials in humans. Research involving animals helps understand biological processes and potential therapeutic mechanisms, aiding in evaluating the effectiveness of traditional medicines and their applications in health.
44) Water:
Water is essential for life and plays a vital role in biological functions. In medicinal contexts, water serves as a medium for extracting active compounds from herbs and facilitating their delivery in treatments. Its importance is emphasized in both traditional and scientific methodologies.
45) Puta:
Puta in the context of Ayurveda refers to the process of incineration or heating used in preparing certain herbal formulations. This method is believed to enhance the medicinal properties of ingredients, integrating traditional practices into therapeutic applications for conditions like cancer.
46) Shali (Sali):
In some contexts, Sali refers to varieties of rice or grains used in Ayurvedic formulations. They are often incorporated for their nutritional benefits and potential therapeutic effects, illustrating the diversity of ingredients studied for their contribution to health, especially in holistic healing.
47) Miṇi (Mini):
In research, 'mini' may refer to a smaller-scale version of experiments or models, such as miniaturized drug testing systems that allow for high-throughput screening. This term underscores the trend towards efficiency and innovation in evaluating therapeutic agents in cancer research.
48) Beta:
Beta often denotes a particular variant or form within scientific terminology. In cancer research, it may refer to beta receptors or other molecular targets, emphasizing their biological roles in cancer mechanisms, treatment responses, or drug efficacies in therapeutic contexts.
49) Pune:
Pune is a major city in India known for its educational and research institutions. It plays a pivotal role in advancing herbal and Ayurvedic medicine research, contributing to studies investigating the efficacy of traditional treatments for various health conditions, including cancer.
50) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to substances abundant in specific compounds, such as nutrients, phytochemicals, or other therapeutic agents. In the context of phytochemicals and herbal medicines, rich formulations signify enhanced therapeutic potential, emphasizing the importance of quality ingredients for effective health outcomes.
51) Cow urine (Cow's urine):
Cow's urine is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic properties. It is included in detoxification processes and formulations, believed to enhance the efficacy of herbal medicines while embodying the holistic approach of Ayurveda towards health and disease management.
52) Phyllanthus emblica:
Phyllanthus emblica, or Amla, is a vital plant in Ayurvedic medicine known for its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. It is researched for its health benefits, particularly its potential in cancer prevention and treatment, highlighting the importance of dietary sources in health.
53) Rock salt:
Rock salt is a natural mineral form of sodium chloride used in various cultural and culinary practices. In Ayurvedic medicine, rock salt is often included in detoxification processes and herbal formulations, emphasizing its role in holistic health practices and traditional treatments.
54) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, and in the context of cancer, chronic inflammation can promote tumor progression. Understanding inflammation's role in diseases drives research into therapeutic interventions, exploring how dietary and herbal components can modulate inflammatory responses.
55) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya refers to medicinal treatment or remedies in Ayurveda. It signifies the practice of using herbal formulations and dietary practices for health restoration. Its integration into research highlights the therapeutic potential of traditional remedies in treating various conditions, including cancer.
56) Developing:
Developing refers to the processes of advancing, creating, or evolving new methods, therapies, or products. In the context of medicines and research, it emphasizes continuous innovation and refinement of therapeutic agents in the quest for effective treatments against diseases like cancer.
57) Substance:
Substance in a pharmacological context refers to a chemical compound or mixture utilized in treatment or research. Examination of various natural and synthetic substances contributes to understanding their mechanisms and potential effects, particularly in cancer therapy and holistic health approaches.
58) Shankara (Sankara, Samkara, Sham-kara):
Shankara is a revered figure in Indian philosophy and spirituality. In literature related to Ayurveda and traditional medicine, it often signifies wisdom and knowledge that underlines the principles of holistic health, enhancing the understanding and implementation of therapeutic practices.
59) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to purification procedures used in Ayurveda to detoxify herbal or mineral substances to enhance their safety and efficacy in treatments. This process is crucial for preparing medicines, including those used for treating cancer and other serious health conditions.
60) Adhikara:
Adhikara translates to 'authority' or 'permission' in Sanskrit. In Ayurvedic texts, it represents the qualifications or permissions required to practice medicine or conduct studies with traditional remedies, highlighting the importance of formal training and ethical standards in medicinal practice.
61) Rasendra (Rasa-indra):
Rasendra relates to the study of rasa (medicinal metals and minerals) in Ayurveda. This field emphasizes the significance of herbal, metallic, and mineral combinations in developing therapeutic agents, illustrating the intersection of traditional wisdom and scientific inquiry in health interventions.
62) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Sangraha refers to collections or compilations in Ayurvedic texts. Such compilations often house knowledge about various medicinal plants and concepts, allowing practitioners and researchers to access essential information for studying traditional medicine and its integration into contemporary healthcare.
63) Govinda (Go-vinda, Govimda):
Govinda denotes a traditional name associated with educational and philosophical contexts in India. In the scope of health studies, individuals named Govinda contribute to the cultivation of knowledge concerning ancient healing traditions, merging them with current scientific approaches to address various health issues.
64) Bhavana (Bha-vana):
Bhavana refers to the process of transformation or development in Ayurveda. It signifies the incorporation of active principles from herbal and mineral sources in therapeutic formulations, representing the traditional practices that enhance efficacy, particularly in formulations targeting diseases like cancer.
65) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna is a revered figure in Hinduism, embodying wisdom and guidance. In context, individuals associated with this name often contribute significantly to health and medicinal research, leveraging ancient knowledge about herbal therapies and traditional practices in contemporary scientific discussions.
66) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms that can reproduce and create viable offspring. In medicinal research, particularly in ethnobotany and pharmacognosy, understanding species diversity is crucial for discovering new therapeutic compounds, emphasizing biodiversity's role in drug development.
67) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer boundary of an object. In biomedical research, especially in drug delivery, the surface properties of compounds or nanocarriers are vital as they influence interactions with biological systems, affecting absorption, bioavailability, and efficacy in treatments.
68) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra is a common surname in India, typically associated with scholars or practitioners in traditional medicine. Individuals with this name contribute to the exploration and validation of Ayurvedic practices and formulations, reinforcing the importance of culturally rooted knowledge in modern healthcare.
69) Brahma:
Brahma denotes a creator deity in Hindu philosophy, often associated with knowledge and wisdom. In traditional medicine literature, references to Brahma can signify the holistic insight that underpins Ayurvedic practices, revealing the interplay between spirituality and health in treatment approaches.
70) Gopala (Go-pala):
Gopala is often used as a name in Hindu contexts, referring to the protector of cows or a childhood form of Lord Krishna. In traditional medicine, the use of such names may underscore the cultural and spiritual dimensions of health practices interconnected with nature and healing.
71) Ambika:
Ambika, in Hindu tradition, is a goddess symbolizing maternal qualities, often invoked in Ayurvedic practices. This name within medical texts signifies reverence toward nurturing aspects of health and wellness inherent in traditional healing methods and their holistic approaches to patient care.
72) Marana:
Marana refers to the final incineration or transformation process in Ayurvedic formulations, intended to enhance the therapeutic qualities of substances. It demonstrates the meticulous methods applied to prepare medicines that optimize their effectiveness in treating diseases, showcasing traditional Ayurvedic principles.
73) Harita:
Harida refers to 'Haritaki', an important fruit in Ayurveda known for its health benefits. Its inclusion in medicinal formulations highlights its role in promoting health, reflecting the practice of integrating beneficial fruits and herbs in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes.
74) Rakta:
Raktha translates to 'blood' in Sanskrit and represents the connection between bodily fluids and health in Ayurveda. Discussions regarding Raktha emphasize the importance of maintaining blood health, which is essential in the context of various diseases, including cancer, to ensure overall well-being.
75) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurvedic medicine, representing fire and water qualities. It governs metabolic processes and is crucial for maintaining balance in the body. Understanding Pitta is vital in addressing health issues through dietary and lifestyle modifications, particularly in the context of cancer.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 146]
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